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Bozic D, Živanović J, Živančević K, Baralić K, Đukić-Ćosić D. Trends in Anti-Tumor Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mannose-Sensitive-Hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA): An Overview of Positive and Negative Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:524. [PMID: 38339275 PMCID: PMC10854591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, for which finding the optimal therapy remains an ongoing challenge. Drug resistance, toxic side effects, and a lack of specificity pose significant difficulties in traditional cancer treatments, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes and high mortality rates among cancer patients. The need for alternative therapies is crucial, especially for those resistant to conventional methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy or for patients where surgery is not possible. Over the past decade, a novel approach known as bacteria-mediated cancer therapy has emerged, offering potential solutions to the limitations of conventional treatments. An increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the subtype of highly virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium called Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive-hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) can successfully inhibit the progression of various cancer types, such as breast, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. PA-MSHA inhibits the growth and proliferation of tumor cells and induces their apoptosis. Proposed mechanisms of action include cell-cycle arrest and activation of pro-apoptotic pathways regulated by caspase-9 and caspase-3. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that PA-MSHA improved the effectiveness of chemotherapy and promoted the activation of the immune response in cancer patients without causing severe side effects. Reported adverse reactions were fever, skin irritation, and pain, attributed to the overactivation of the immune response. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge obtained from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies available at PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov regarding the use of PA-MSHA in cancer treatment in order to further elucidate its pharmacological and toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Bozic
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Ž.); (K.B.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
| | - Jovana Živanović
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Ž.); (K.B.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Ž.); (K.B.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Ž.); (K.B.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Ž.); (K.Ž.); (K.B.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
- Center for Toxicological Risk Assessment, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Meng YF, Fan ZY, Zhou B, Zhan HX. Role of the intratumoral microbiome in tumor progression and therapeutics implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189014. [PMID: 37918451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are widely present in various organs of the human body and play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Nevertheless, owing to multiple limiting factors, such as contamination and low biomass, the current understanding of the intratumoral microbiome is limited. The intratumoral microbiome exerts tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive effects by engaging in metabolic reactions within the body, regulating signaling cancer-related pathways, and impacting both host cells function and immune system. It is important to emphasize that intratumoral microbes exhibit substantial heterogeneity in terms of composition and abundance across various tumor types, thereby potentially influencing diverse aspects of tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. These findings suggest that intratumoral microbiome have great potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. By manipulating the intratumoral microbes to employ cancer therapy, the efficacy of chemotherapy or immunotherapy can be enhanced while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, we comprehensively describe the composition and function of the intratumoral microbiome in various human solid tumors. Combining recent advancements in research, we discuss the origins, mechanisms, and prospects of the clinical applications of intratumoral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Meng
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Fan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhou M, Tang Y, Xu W, Hao X, Li Y, Huang S, Xiang D, Wu J. Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140463. [PMID: 37600773 PMCID: PMC10436994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been emerging as a powerful strategy for cancer management. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that bacteria-based immunotherapy including naive bacteria, bacterial components, and bacterial derivatives, can modulate immune response via various cellular and molecular pathways. The key mechanisms of bacterial antitumor immunity include inducing immune cells to kill tumor cells directly or reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Currently, bacterial antigens synthesized as vaccine candidates by bioengineering technology are novel antitumor immunotherapy. Especially the combination therapy of bacterial vaccine with conventional therapies may further achieve enhanced therapeutic benefits against cancers. However, the clinical translation of bacteria-based immunotherapy is limited for biosafety concerns and non-uniform production standards. In this review, we aim to summarize immunotherapy strategies based on advanced bacterial therapeutics and discuss their potential for cancer management, we will also propose approaches for optimizing bacteria-based immunotherapy for facilitating clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu J. Regulatory effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin on inflammation and immune function in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients with upper urinary tract calculi complicated with infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181688. [PMID: 37377966 PMCID: PMC10291127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of an injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) on inflammation and immune function in patients with upper urinary tract calculi complicated by infection who have undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods We retrospectively recorded the clinical data of patients with upper urinary tract calculi complicated by infection who have undergone Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) in the Department of Urology, 2nd Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, from March to December 2021. Clinical data include general condition, laboratory index, CT, postoperative body temperature, heart rate, respiration, SIRS, sepsis, etc. Patients were divided into treated and control groups according to whether they had received a preoperative PA-MSHA injection. The two groups were compared for indices of inflammation and complications of infection after PCNL. Pre- and post-operative lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin changes were compared. Results 115 patients were included in the study, including 43 in the treatment group and 72 in the control group. After Propensity Score Matching, 90 patients were divided into treatment (n=35) and control (n=55) groups. The postoperative inflammation index was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative SIRS was higher in the treatment group than control (P<0.05). There were no cases of sepsis in either group. The double-positive T cells lymphocyte subsets were higher in the treatment group than in the control group ((P<0.05). Pre- and post-operative changes in immune function: total T lymphocyte count reduced, NK and NKT cell count increased in the control group, double-positive T cell count increased in the treatment group, IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4 count reduced in both groups post-operatively. Conclusion This study found that patients with upper urinary tract calculi and infection treated with antibiotic-based PA-MSHA before percutaneous nephrolithotomy had an increased inflammatory response after surgery, which may play a role in the prevention and treatment of sepsis. The percentage of double-positive T cells in the peripheral blood was increased after PA-MSHA treatment, which may have an immunomodulatory and protective effect in PCNL patients with stones complicated by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Kunming First People’s Hospital: Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. PD-L1 function and structure are regulated through glycosylation and various signaling pathways. However, the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA), glycosylation and PD-L1 warrants further study. In this study, we investigated the effects of PA-MSHA on the regulation of mannosyl and N-glycosylation to identify the mechanisms underlying its function. METHODS PD-L1, β-catenin, c-Myc, mannosyl, MGAT1 and mannosidase II in HCC were identified by postoperative specimens from the HCC cohort with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PA-MSHA was used to suppress tumor progression. Alterations to the expression of PD-L1, β-catenin, c-Myc, MGAT1, and mannosidase II at the gene and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Mannosyl and mannosidase II expression levels increased, whereas those of MGAT1 decreased in the HCC cells. The glycosylation-related pathway proteins, namely, β-catenin, c-Myc and PD-L1, had increased expression levels. Moreover, proliferation in the HCC cells was inhibited after PA-MSHA treatment, PD-L1 function was significantly inhibited. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PA-MSHA penetrated into the HCC cytoplasm through the cytomembrane, resulting in apoptosis. Here, PA-MSHA significantly reduced sPD-L1 expression levels in the tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS PA-MSHA plays the role of a lectin, affecting receptors on the cytomembrane. This strain inhibits mannosyl by suppressing β-catenin signaling. We hypothesized that PA-MSHA suppresses PD-L1 by: 1. Inhibiting the glycosylation process; and 2. Suppressing β-catenin and c-Myc, thereby reducing the transcription of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yudong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huihan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fahong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Revising the Landscape of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Therapy in Lung Cancer: Focus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065626. [PMID: 36982701 PMCID: PMC10054817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Undeniably, immunotherapy has markedly improved the survival rate of cancer patients. The scenario is no different in lung cancer, where multiple treatment options are now available and the inclusion of immunotherapy yields better clinical benefits than previously used chemotherapeutic strategies. Of interest, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy has also taken a central role in clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer. Herein, we describe the relative success of CIK cell therapy (alone and combined with dendritic cells as DC/CIKs) in lung cancer clinical trials and discuss its combination with known immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1). Additionally, we provide insights into the findings of several preclinical in vitro/in vivo studies linked to lung cancer. In our opinion, CIK cell therapy, which recently completed 30 years and has been approved in many countries, including Germany, offers tremendous potential for lung cancer. Foremost, when it is optimized on a patient-by-patient basis with special attention to the patient-specific genomic signature.
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PA-MSHA induces inflamed tumor microenvironment and sensitizes tumor to anti-PD-1 therapy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:931. [PMID: 36344505 PMCID: PMC9640707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has impeded its clinical use. As reported previously, an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) was directly correlated with patients' response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, restoring the cytotoxic effect of immune cells in the TME is a promising way to improve the efficacy of ICB and overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy. The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive-hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) in facilitating T cell activation was determined in vitro and in vivo. Subsets of immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proteomics was carried out to comprehensively analyze the discriminated cellular kinases and transcription factors. The combinational efficacy of PA-MSHA and αPD-1 therapy was studied in vivo. In this study we demonstrated that PA-MSHA, which is a clinically used immune adjuvant, effectively induced the anti-tumor immune response and suppressed the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PA-MSHA showed great potential to sensitize refractory "cold" tumors to immunotherapy. It effectively enhanced macrophage M1 polarization and induced T cell activation. In vivo, in combination with αPD-1, PA-MSHA suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of allograft model mice. These results indicate that PA-MSHA is a potent agent to stimulate immune cells infiltration into the TME and consequently induces inflammation in tumors. The combination of PA-MSHA with αPD-1 is a potential strategy to enhance the clinical response rate to ICI therapy.
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Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of DC-CIK Cells on Lung Adenocarcinoma via Anti-Tim-3 Antibody and Antiprogrammed Cell Death-1 Antibody and Possible Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4097576. [PMID: 35958924 PMCID: PMC9357700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4097576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of blocking the signaling pathways of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) in dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer (DC-CIK) cells on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and induced into mature DC-CIK cells by cytokines in vitro. After blocking the Tim-3 and PD-1 signaling transduction pathways with anti-Tim-3 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, DC-CIK cells were coincubated with A549 cells. The killing effect of DC-CIK cells against A549 cells was measured by a CCK-8 assay. The impact of DC-CIK cells on the invasion and migration ability of A549 cells was detected by the Transwell test. The apoptosis rate of DC-CIK cells and the ratio of CD4+, CD8+, and DC-CIK cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. The cell proliferation of DC-CIK was detected by the CCK-8 assay. Results The antibodies of anti-Tim-3 antibody and anti-PD-1 could block Tim-3+ and PD-1+ DC-CIK cells and could significantly increase the killing effect of DC-CIK cells on A549 cells. The number of A549 cells under the microporous membrane of the Transwell chamber was reduced considerably in invasion and migration tests. Anti-Tim-3 and anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly reduced apoptosis of DC-CIK cells. No significant differences were observed in the ratios of CD4+ and CD8+ DC-CIK cell subsets or the proliferation capacity of DC-CIK cells in each group. Conclusion Blocking the Tim-3 and PD-1 signaling pathways of DC-CIK cells with antibodies can enhance the killing ability of DC-CIK cells in A549 cells and significantly suppress the invasion and migration ability of A549 cells. The potential mechanism may be related to reduced apoptosis of DC-CIK cells.
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Feng J, Gao M, Zhao C, Yang J, Gao H, Lu X, Ju R, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Oral Administration of Probiotics Reduces Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea and Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:823288. [PMID: 35299763 PMCID: PMC8922230 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.823288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy generally causes serious diarrhea and oral mucositis in cancer patients, and subsequently affects treatment. Oral administration of probiotics provides a therapeutic choice to address these limitations. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of oral probiotic use in the management of the chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions, and to summarize the mechanisms underlying the action. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science from the start of the study to its completion on Dec. 31, 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's Tool. Statistical analysis of the acquired data was performed via the RevMan and the Stata Statistical Software. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020220650). Results Twelve randomized controlled trials including 1,013 patients were recruited and analyzed via the standard procedure of meta-analysis. In contrast to the control group, orally taking probiotics significantly decreased the risk of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (≥ 1 grade) (RR = 0.70; 95% Cl: 0.56, 0.88; P = 0.002) and oral mucositis (≥ 1 grade) (RR: 0.84; 95% Cl: 0.78, 0.91; P < 0.00001) at all grades. Further analysis found that severe diarrhea (≥ 2 grades) (RR: 0.50; 95% Cl: 0.32, 0.78; P = 0.002) and severe oral mucositis also significantly declined (≥ 3 grades) (RR: 0.66; 95% Cl: 0.55, 0.79; P < 0.00001) after oral probiotic use. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of probiotics displayed statistically significant only in Asian patients. Importantly, the more species of bacteria they took, the lower the incidences of the adverse reactions occurred. We used Egger's test P value to confirm that there is no publication bias. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated that orally administrated probiotics has a potential to decrease chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and oral mucositis incidences. However, the efficacy of oral probiotic use against the adverse reactions needs to be further verified through more clinical trials, and the species and number of probiotics have to be optimized and standardized prior to clinical applications. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier: 220650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Long Q, Zhang J, Qi J, Fan Y, Li H. Analysis of factors influencing postoperative drainage time in breast cancer. Gland Surg 2021; 10:3272-3282. [PMID: 35070887 PMCID: PMC8749090 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the related factors affecting the postoperative indwelling time of drainage tubes (hereinafter referred to as drainage time) in breast cancer (BC) and evaluate the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) preparation on reducing postoperative drainage time. METHODS The clinical data of 165 BC patients in our hospital, including the postoperative drainage time and occurrence of seroma and related complications (such as fever, incision infection, and flap necrosis) after extubation, were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate, multivariate, and stratified analyses were used to determine the correlations between 15 factors including age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and PA-MSHA preparation, and the postoperative total drainage volume and drainage time. RESULTS Age, BMI, and PA-MSHA preparation were independent factors affecting the postoperative drainage volume and drainage time of BC patients. Age and BMI were positively correlated with postoperative drainage volume and drainage time (P≤0.004, P≤0.037). PA-MSHA preparation significantly reduced the postoperative total drainage volume and drainage time (P<0.001), decreased the incidence of seroma after extubation (P=0.024), and did not increase complications (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obese and elderly patients were at a significantly high risk of a high drainage volume and long drainage time. Local treatment with PA-MSHA preparation had the advantages of reducing postoperative drainage volume, reducing drainage time, preventing seroma, and not increasing complications, and was a safe and effective treatment. For BC patients aged over 60 years and with a BMI ≥25, the intraoperative local spraying of wounds with PA-MSHA preparation to reduce postoperative drainage times is a valuable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyi Long
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Qi
- Linzi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou R, Xu J, He J, Gong Y, Wang H, Linghu H. Topical Application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Mannose Sensitive Hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) for Refractory Lymphatic Leakage Following Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Gynecological Malignancies. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4873-4878. [PMID: 34188540 PMCID: PMC8232861 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s307700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the feasibility and efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) in refractory lymphatic leakage following lymphadenectomy among patients with gynecological cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten cases with post-operative massive lymphatic leakage were collected, in which patients failed to respond to conservative treatment. Topical PA-MSHA injection of a single dose (2mL) was performed through drainage tube or transvaginal catheter into pelvic or peritoneal cavity. Drainage volumes and side effects were recorded. RESULTS The incidence of refractory lymphatic leakage following pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was 2.44% (10/409). All ten patients (100%) had quick recovery and were discharged within 72 hours. Among them, one patient (10%) experienced fever and six patients (60%) experienced abdominal pain, one of which was moderate and relieved by routine analgesic treatment. During 11 (6-38) months of follow-up time, no long-term side effect was observed. CONCLUSION Topical injection of PA-MSHA of a single dose appears a feasible and effective treatment for refractory post-operative lymphatic leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingke He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Gong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Linghu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
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Long Q, Zhang J, Wei B, Qi J, Li H. The effect of subcutaneous local spraying of Pseudomonas aeruginosa preparation to reduce postoperative drainage time in patients with breast cancer. Gland Surg 2020; 9:2064-2070. [PMID: 33447557 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous local spraying of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) preparation (PAP) to reduce the postoperative drainage time in patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods The PAP was prepared from an inactivated P. aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) strain, a genetically engineered heat-inactivated PA strain with, mannose-sensitive binding activity, which can induce tumor cell apoptosis. This study is its retrospective nature, a total of 65 BC patients (PAP group) who underwent subcutaneous local spraying of PAP in the operation area at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between June 2019 and October 2019, and 32 BC patients without treatment (non-PAP group, without intraoperative subcutaneous local spraying of PAP in the operation area) were enrolled. Daily drainage volume, drainage time, presence of seroma after extubation, and treatment complications (such as fever, incision infection, and flap necrosis) were recorded. Results No significant differences in age, height, weight, age of initial menstruation, menopause, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, lymph node metastasis, or treatment complications were found between the two groups (P>0.05). Drainage volume and drainage time in the PAP group were significantly lower than those in the non-PAP group (P<0.001). Additionally, the incidence of seroma after extubation was significantly lower in the PAP group compared to the non-PAP group (P=0.009). Conclusions Subcutaneous local spraying of PAP on the operation area may be helpful to reduce drainage volume, shorten drainage time, and prevent the occurrence of seroma after BC surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyi Long
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, West China Campus of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen Q, Chen Y, Su A, Ma Y, Yu B, Zou X, Peng D, Zhu J. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin for treatment of chyle fistula following neck dissection: Two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18816. [PMID: 32000384 PMCID: PMC7004758 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chyle fistula is a rare but troublesome complication of neck dissection. Topical application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) injection has been reported as a novel, viable, and effective approach in the treatment of chyle fistula following neck dissection. However, there have been no reports regarding the treatment of chyle fistula using ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous injection of PA-MSHA. PATIENT CONCERNS We describe 2 patients with thyroid cancer who developed chyle fistula following neck dissection, which remained unresolved despite the use of conservative treatment. DIAGNOSES Both the patients were diagnosed with chyle fistula by laboratory testing, which showed that drainage fluid triglyceride concentration was >100 mg/dL. INTERVENTIONS When conservative treatment failed, a 2 mL undiluted PA-MSHA preparation was percutaneously injected at the effusion site of the left supraclavicular area under US guidance with aseptic technique. Concomitantly, the drainage tube was clamped for at least 30 minutes. OUTCOMES Chyle fistula in both patients were successfully resolved with this technique within 2 or 4 days, without notable side effects. LESSONS US-guided percutaneous injection of PA-MSHA is a simple and effective method to treat chyle fistula following neck dissection, which may serve as a useful addition to the medical treatment for cervical chyle fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center
| | | | - Anping Su
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuhe Zou
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center
| | - Dongmei Peng
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center
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14
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Chen Q, Zou X, Ma Y, Liu F, Wei T, Li Z, Gong R, Zhu J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin injection therapy for the treatment of chyle fistula following neck dissection. Head Neck 2019; 42:725-731. [PMID: 31883295 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) injection therapy in the treatment of chyle fistula following neck dissection is unclear. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 26 patients who developed chyle fistula after neck dissection. Patients were divided into high-output (>500 mL) and low-output groups (≤500 mL) and were initially treated conservatively for 5 days in the high-output group or 7 days in the low-output group. When conservative treatment failed, topical PA-MSHA therapy was applied. RESULTS Twelve of 26 patients were cured with conservative treatment, and the remaining 14 patients were all successfully resolved by PA-MSHA therapy. Chyle fistula got resolved in the low-output and high-output groups after the initiation of therapy were at a median 1 days and 6 days, respectively. Among them, 12 (85.7%) patients experienced fever and 11 (78.6%) patients experienced neck pain. CONCLUSIONS Topical PA-MSHA injection therapy could effectively manage chyle fistula following neck dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiuhe Zou
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rixiang Gong
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Fan CA, Reader J, Roque DM. Review of Immune Therapies Targeting Ovarian Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018. [PMID: 30430276 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0584-3]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The rise of immunotherapy is the greatest advance in oncology to occur over the last several years, but applications in gynecologic malignancies lag behind other tumors. The term "immunotherapy" envelops monoclonal antibodies as receptor mediators, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), cancer vaccines, and adoptive immunotherapies alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review is to summarize the status of immunotherapy trials in ovarian cancer and to specifically highlight data published in the last 1-2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ava Fan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 22 S. Greene Street S3AX31, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 22 S. Greene Street S3AX31, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Dana M Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 22 S. Greene Street S3AX31, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The rise of immunotherapy is the greatest advance in oncology to occur over the last several years, but applications in gynecologic malignancies lag behind other tumors. The term "immunotherapy" envelops monoclonal antibodies as receptor mediators, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), cancer vaccines, and adoptive immunotherapies alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review is to summarize the status of immunotherapy trials in ovarian cancer and to specifically highlight data published in the last 1-2 years.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The rise of immunotherapy is the greatest advance in oncology to occur over the last several years, but applications in gynecologic malignancies lag behind other tumors. The term "immunotherapy" envelops monoclonal antibodies as receptor mediators, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), cancer vaccines, and adoptive immunotherapies alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review is to summarize the status of immunotherapy trials in ovarian cancer and to specifically highlight data published in the last 1-2 years.
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Chen LL, Lin HP, Zhou WJ, He CX, Zhang ZY, Cheng ZL, Song JB, Liu P, Chen XY, Xia YK, Chen XF, Sun RQ, Zhang JY, Sun YP, Song L, Liu BJ, Du RK, Ding C, Lan F, Huang SL, Zhou F, Liu S, Xiong Y, Ye D, Guan KL. SNIP1 Recruits TET2 to Regulate c-MYC Target Genes and Cellular DNA Damage Response. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1485-1500.e4. [PMID: 30404004 PMCID: PMC6317994 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TET2 DNA dioxygenase regulates gene expression by catalyzing demethylation of 5-methylcytosine, thus epigenetically modulating the genome. TET2 does not contain a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, and how it is recruited to specific genomic sites is not fully understood. Here we carried out a mammalian two-hybrid screen and identified multiple transcriptional regulators potentially interacting with TET2. The SMAD nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) physically interacts with TET2 and bridges TET2 to bind several transcription factors, including c-MYC. SNIP1 recruits TET2 to the promoters of c-MYC target genes, including those involved in DNA damage response and cell viability. TET2 protects cells from DNA damage-induced apoptosis dependending on SNIP1. Our observations uncover a mechanism for targeting TET2 to specific promoters through a ternary interaction with a co-activator and many sequence-specific DNA-binding factors. This study also reveals a TET2-SNIP1-c-MYC pathway in mediating DNA damage response, thereby connecting epigenetic control to maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Chen
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huai-Peng Lin
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen-Xi He
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou-Li Cheng
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Bin Song
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Chen
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Kun Xia
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Fei Chen
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ren-Qiang Sun
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Ye Zhang
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Ping Sun
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for National Center for Protein Science (The PHOENIX Center), Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Jie Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Kai Du
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, National Center for National Center for Protein Science (The PHOENIX Center), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Huang
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Dan Ye
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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