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Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Preservation of Mitochondrial Health in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030948. [PMID: 36979927 PMCID: PMC10046671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a major cause of the development of complications in different clinical settings such as liver resection and liver transplantation. Damage arising from LIRI is a major risk factor for early graft rejection and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality after surgery. Although the mechanisms leading to the injury of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells are not yet fully understood, mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a hallmark of LIRI that exacerbates cellular injury. Mitochondria play a major role in glucose metabolism, energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, calcium homeostasis and cell death. The diverse roles of mitochondria make it essential to preserve mitochondrial health in order to maintain cellular activity and liver integrity during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A growing body of studies suggest that protecting mitochondria by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion and mitophagy during liver I/R ameliorates LIRI. Targeting mitochondria in conditions that exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, such as steatosis and aging, has been successful in decreasing their susceptibility to LIRI. Studying mitochondrial dysfunction will help understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular damage during LIRI which is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the progress made in recent years regarding the role of mitochondria in liver I/R and discuss the impact of liver conditions on LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F. Machado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-240-700
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Caleb I, Kasza B, Erlitz L, Semjén D, Hardi P, Makszin L, Rendeki S, Takács I, Nagy T, Jancsó G. The Effects of Rapamycin on the Intestinal Graft in a Rat Model of Cold Ischemia Perfusion and Preservation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090794. [PMID: 36144199 PMCID: PMC9505496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuating the rheological and structural consequences of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) is important in transplant proceedings. Preconditioning is an often-proposed remedy. This technique uses physical or pharmacological methods to manipulate key ischemia pathways, such as oxidation, inflammation, and autophagy, prior to ischemia. This study determined the time-dependent effects of Rapamycin preconditioning on small-bowel grafts undergoing cold ischemia perfusion and preservation. Our main parameters were mucosa and cell injury and autophagy. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: sham, preservation-control, and 3 treated groups (Rapamycin administered either 0, 30, or 60 min prior to perfusion). After perfusion, the intestines were placed in chilled IGL-1 solution for 12 h. Thereafter, they were reperfused. Histology and bioanalysis (LDH and lactate) were used to ascertain intestinal injury while immunohistochemistry was used for measuring changes in autophagy markers (Beclin-1, LC3B, and p62 proteins). The results show no significant difference amongst the groups after vascular perfusion. However, intestinal injury findings and autophagy changes demonstrate that administering Rapamycin 30 min or 60 min prior was protective against adverse cold ischemia and reperfusion of the intestinal graft. These findings show that Rapamycin is protective against cold ischemia of the small intestine, especially when administered 30 min before the onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibitamuno Caleb
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: or
| | - Benedek Kasza
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Erlitz
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Semjén
- Institute of Pathology, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hardi
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Makszin
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Rendeki
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Takács
- Institute of Nutrional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Chen Q, Song Y, Yang N, Ai X, Pu L, Kong L. Aging deteriorated liver Ischemia and reperfusion injury by suppressing Tribble's proteins 1 mediated macrophage polarization. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14519-14533. [PMID: 36694470 PMCID: PMC9995131 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2090218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggravated liver injury has been reported in aged ischemia/reperfusion-stressed livers; however, the mechanism of aged macrophage inflammatory regulation is not well understood. Here, we found that the adaptor protein TRIB1 plays a critical role in the differentiation of macrophages and the inflammatory response in the liver after ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the present study, we determined that aging promoted macrophage-mediated liver injury and that inflammation was mainly responsible for lower M2 polarization in liver transplantation-exposed humans post I/R. Young and aged mice were subjected to hepatic I/R modeling and showed that aging aggravated liver injury and suppressed macrophage TRIB1 protein expression and anti-inflammatory function in I/R-stressed livers. Restoration of TRIB1 is mediated by lentiviral infection-induced macrophage anti-inflammatory M2 polarization and alleviated hepatic I/R injury. Moreover, TRIB1 overexpression in macrophages facilitates M2 polarization and anti-inflammation by activating MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling under IL-4 stimulation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that aging promoted hepatic I/R injury by suppressing TRIB1-mediated MEK1-induced macrophage M2 polarization and anti-inflammatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Song
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningli Yang
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Ai
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyong Pu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Mao XL, Cai Y, Chen YH, Wang Y, Jiang XX, Ye LP, Li SW. Novel Targets and Therapeutic Strategies to Protect Against Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:757336. [PMID: 35059411 PMCID: PMC8764312 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.757336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), a fascinating topic that has drawn a lot of interest in the last few years, is a major complication caused by a variety of clinical situations, such as liver transplantation, severe trauma, vascular surgery, and hemorrhagic shock. The IRI process involves a series of complex events, including mitochondrial deenergization, metabolic acidosis, adenosine-5'-triphosphate depletion, Kupffer cell activation, calcium overload, oxidative stress, and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signal transduction. A number of protective strategies have been reported to ameliorate IRI, including pharmacological therapy, ischemic pre-conditioning, ischemic post-conditioning, and machine reperfusion. However, most of these strategies are only at the stage of animal model research at present, and the potential mechanisms and exact therapeutic targets have yet to be clarified. IRI remains a main cause of postoperative liver dysfunction, often leading to postoperative morbidity or even mortality. Very recently, it was reported that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists, can attenuate IRI in the liver, and FAM3A has been confirmed to mediate the protective effect of PPARγ in hepatic IRI. In addition, non-coding RNAs, like LncRNAs and miRNAs, have also been reported to play a pivotal role in the liver IRI process. In this review, we presented an overview of the latest advances of treatment strategies and proposed potential mechanisms behind liver IRI. We also highlighted the role of several important molecules (PPARγ, FAM3A, and non-coding RNAs) in protecting against hepatic IRI. Only after achieving a comprehensive understanding of potential mechanisms and targets behind IRI can we effectively ameliorate IRI in the liver and achieve better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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Wang J, Xia S, Ren H, Shi X. The role and function of CD4+ T cells in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:5-11. [PMID: 34931553 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe complication frequently encountered in liver surgery, seriously affecting the therapeutic effects, tissue function. Various immune cells are involved in hepatic IRI, including macrophages, NKT cells, DCs, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells, among which CD4 + T cells play a critical role in this process. This article aims to summarize the functions and changes in various CD4 + T cell type counts and related cytokine levels in hepatic IRI and to review the possible mechanisms of mutual conversion between T cell types. AREAS COVERED We have covered the functions and changes that occur in Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in liver IRI, as well as the pathways and factors associated with them. We also discuss the prospects of clinical application and future directions for therapeutic advances. EXPERT OPINION This section explores the current clinical trials involving CD4 + T cells, especially Tregs, explains the limitations of their application, and summarizes the future development trends of cell engineering and their combination with the CAT technology. We also provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for alleviating liver IRI or other liver inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Senzhe Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Mao S, Chen P, Pan W, Gao L, Zhang M. Exacerbated post-infarct pathological myocardial remodelling in diabetes is associated with impaired autophagy and aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 9:303-317. [PMID: 34964299 PMCID: PMC8787965 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients surviving myocardial infarction (MI) have substantially higher mortality due to the more frequent development of subsequent pathological myocardial remodelling and concomitant functional deterioration. This study investigates the molecular pathways underlying accelerated cardiac remodelling in a well‐established mouse model of diabetes exposed to MI. Methods and results Myocardial infarction in DM mice was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis were determined histologically 6 weeks post‐MI or sham operation. Autophagy, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase‐1 were evaluated by western blotting or immunofluorescence. Echocardiographic imaging revealed significantly increased left ventricular dilation in parallel with increased mortality after MI in DM mice (53.33%) compared with control mice (26.67%, P < 0.05). Immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining for LC3 and p62 indicated impaired autophagy in DM + MI mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, defective autophagy was associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase‐1 hyperactivation in DM + MI mouse cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Consistent with NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase‐I hyperactivation, cardiomyocyte death and IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretion were increased in DM + MI mice (P < 0.05). Importantly, the autophagy inducer and the NLRP3 inhibitor attenuated the cardiac remodelling of DM mice after MI. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that DM aggravates cardiac remodelling after MI through defective autophagy and associated exaggerated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, suggesting that restoring autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation may serve as novel targets for the prevention and treatment of post‐infarct remodelling in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenjun Pan
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Hu C, Zhao L, Zhang F, Li L. Regulation of autophagy protects against liver injury in liver surgery-induced ischaemia/reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9905-9917. [PMID: 34626066 PMCID: PMC8572770 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischaemia and reperfusion in liver tissue induce hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) tissue injury and a profound inflammatory response in vivo. Hepatic I/R can be classified into warm I/R and cold I/R and is characterized by three main types of cell death, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, in rodents or patients following I/R. Warm I/R is observed in patients or animal models undergoing liver resection, haemorrhagic shock, trauma, cardiac arrest or hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome when vascular occlusion inhibits normal blood perfusion in liver tissue. Cold I/R is a condition that affects only patients who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) and is caused by donated liver graft preservation in a hypothermic environment prior to entering a warm reperfusion phase. Under stress conditions, autophagy plays a critical role in promoting cell survival and maintaining liver homeostasis by generating new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organelle components after the degradation of macromolecules and organelles in liver tissue. This role of autophagy may contribute to the protection of hepatic I/R‐induced liver injury; however, a considerable amount of evidence has shown that autophagy inhibition also protects against hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting autophagic cell death under specific circumstances. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current strategies and underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation that alleviates I/R injury after liver resection and LT. Directed autophagy regulation can maintain liver homeostasis and improve liver function in individuals undergoing warm or cold I/R. In this way, autophagy regulation can contribute to improving the prognosis of patients undergoing liver resection or LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Jia H, Liu N, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Wu Z. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117238. [PMID: 33984781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of food or cereal products contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON) and related derivatives poses a threat to the health of humans and animals. However, the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), an acetylated form of deoxynivalenol, have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we showed that 3-Ac-DON caused significant oxidative damage, as shown by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, increased lipid peroxidation products, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, 3-Ac-DON exposure led to elevated infiltrations of immune cell, increased apoptosis and autophagy in the liver. Interestingly, 3-Ac-DON-resulted apoptosis and liver injury were partially reduced by autophagy inhibitors. Further study showed that 3-Ac-DON-treated mice had altered ultrastructural changes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as enhanced protein levels of p-IRE1α, p-PERK, and downstream targets, indicating activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the liver. Importantly, 3-Ac-DON induced ER stress, oxidative damage, cell death, infiltration of immune cells, and increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly abolished by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, indicating a critical role of UPR signaling for the cellular damage of the liver in response to 3-Ac-DON exposure. In conclusion, using mice as an animal model, we showed that 3-Ac-DON exposure impaired the function of liver, as shown by oxidative damage, cell death, and infiltration of immune cell, in which ER stress played an important role. Restoration of the ER function might be a preventive strategy to reduce the deleterious effect of 3-Ac-DON on the liver of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Cao Q, Luo J, Xiong Y, Liu Z, Ye Q. 25-Hydroxycholesterol mitigates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via mediating mitophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107643. [PMID: 33878616 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major obstacle in liver transplantation, however an effective treatment to mitigate this injury is lacking. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC) is a kind of oxysterol involved in inflammatory and immune responses. However, its function and the underlying mechanism on rat hepatic I/R injury has not been explored. A well-established rat model of partial warm ischemia reperfusion injury was performed. 25HC was intraperitoneally administrated 4 h before ischemia. The results verified that 25HC pretreatment effectively mitigated liver I/R injury, which was demonstrated by lower serum levels of transaminases, histology injury score and less apoptosis. Mechanistically, 25HC pretreatment activated PINK1/Parkin dependent mitophagy and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome. Via using mitophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), we further found that 3-MA counteracted the protective effect of 25HC on hepatic I/R injury and the NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, 25HC pretreatment ameliorates rat hepatic I/R injury, and this protective effect may be dependent on activating mitophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cao
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha 410013, China.
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Álvarez-Mercado AI, Rojano-Alfonso C, Micó-Carnero M, Caballeria-Casals A, Peralta C, Casillas-Ramírez A. New Insights Into the Role of Autophagy in Liver Surgery in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670273. [PMID: 34141709 PMCID: PMC8204012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral obesity is an important component of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of diseases that also includes diabetes and insulin resistance. A combination of these metabolic disorders damages liver function, which manifests as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a common cause of abnormal liver function, and numerous studies have established the enormously deleterious role of hepatic steatosis in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that inevitably occurs in both liver resection and transplantation. Thus, steatotic livers exhibit a higher frequency of post-surgical complications after hepatectomy, and using liver grafts from donors with NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of post-surgical morbidity and mortality in the recipient. Diabetes, another MetS-related metabolic disorder, also worsens hepatic I/R injury, and similar to NAFLD, diabetes is associated with a poor prognosis after liver surgery. Due to the large increase in the prevalence of MetS, NAFLD, and diabetes, their association is frequent in the population and therefore, in patients requiring liver resection and in potential liver graft donors. This scenario requires advancement in therapies to improve postoperative results in patients suffering from metabolic diseases and undergoing liver surgery; and in this sense, the bases for designing therapeutic strategies are in-depth knowledge about the molecular signaling pathways underlying the effects of MetS-related diseases and I/R injury on liver tissue. A common denominator in all these diseases is autophagy. In fact, in the context of obesity, autophagy is profoundly diminished in hepatocytes and alters mitochondrial functions in the liver. In insulin resistance conditions, there is a suppression of autophagy in the liver, which is associated with the accumulation of lipids, being this is a risk factor for NAFLD. Also, oxidative stress occurring in hepatic I/R injury promotes autophagy. The present review aims to shed some light on the role of autophagy in livers undergoing surgery and also suffering from metabolic diseases, which may lead to the discovery of effective therapeutic targets that could be translated from laboratory to clinical practice, to improve postoperative results of liver surgeries when performed in the presence of one or more metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rojano-Alfonso
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Micó-Carnero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria "Bicentenario 2010", Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
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11
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Xue R, Qiu J, Wei S, Liu M, Wang Q, Wang P, Sha B, Wang H, Shi Y, Zhou J, Rao J, Lu L. Lycopene alleviates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in Kupffer cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:631. [PMID: 33987329 PMCID: PMC8106004 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found in many fruits and vegetables, which has antioxidant effects. Although lycopene’s protective effect has been observed on ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in different organs, the effect of lycopene on Kupffer cells (KCs) has not been clearly elucidated in IR-induced acute hepatic inflammatory injury. Methods Mice were administered with either olive oil (10 mL/kg body weight) as the control or lycopene (20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 2 weeks before undergoing hepatic IR injury. Results In this study, we observed that the levels of aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the percentages of hepatocellular apoptosis in mice pretreated with lycopene were significantly lower than control mice. Lycopene inhibited F4/80+ macrophage and Ly6G+ neutrophil accumulation, which further decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Interestingly, lycopene induced increased autophagy in KCs, which was evidenced by elevated autophagosomes and the increased protein level of LC3B. In these KCs, lycopene-induced upregulation of autophagy inhibited NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, which was demonstrated by the reduced mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and IL-1β. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, abolished lycopene’s inhibitory effect on the NLRP3 inflammasome in KCs, which led to increased hepatic IR injury. Intriguingly, we identified that the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were elevated in KCs isolated from IR-stressed mice pretreated with lycopene. Nrf2-siRNA or HO-1-siRNA could block the autophagy activation enhanced by lycopene in KCs, resulting in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and aggravated hepatic IR injury. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that lycopene promoted Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and further suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome via enhancing KC autophagy, which alleviated hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xue
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Sha
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Zhou H, Li L, Sun H, Li H, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang J. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock by Increasing Autophagy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:873-882. [PMID: 33456344 PMCID: PMC7807198 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock is a model of systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury (SI/RI), and the liver is one of the main target organs. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) via autophagy. However, whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can alleviate the liver injury that is secondary to hemorrhagic shock and the role of autophagy in this process remain unclear. Thus, we constructed a hemorrhagic shock model in rats with or without RIPC to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP) and investigate liver secondary injury levels via serum aminotransferase, ultrasound, HE staining and TUNEL fluorescence staining. We also detected levels of serum inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELLSA), observed autophagosomes by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analyzed LC3, Beclin-1, p62 protein expression levels by immunohistochemical (IHC) and western blot (WB). We found that RIPC increased blood pressure adaptability, decreased lactate (Lac) and aminotransferase levels, and delayed the decrease in liver density. Levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and apoptosis were attenuated, autophagosomes was increased in the RIPC group compared with controls. IHC and WB both revealed increased LC3 and Beclin-1 but decreased p62 protein expression levels in the RIPC group. Together, our data suggest that RIPC-activated autophagy could play a protective role against secondary liver injury following hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
| | - Lin Li
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
| | - Hua Li
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Emergency Department, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and Jiangsu Province Hospital, NanJing City, China
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13
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein degradation in chronic liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105218. [PMID: 33007418 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is easily observed in chronic liver disease, which often causes accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER, leading to unfolded protein response (UPR). Regulating protein degradation is an integral part of UPR to relieve ER stress. The major protein degradation system includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. All three arms of UPR triggered in response to ER stress can regulate UPS and autophagy. Accumulated misfolded proteins could activate these arms, and then generate various transcription factors to regulate the expression of UPS-related and autophagy-related genes. The protein degradation process regulated by UPR has great significance in many chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). In most instances, the degradation of excessive proteins protects cells with ER stress survival from apoptosis. According to the specific functions of protein degradation in chronic liver disease, choosing to promote or inhibit this process is promising as a potential method for treating chronic liver disease.
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14
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Zhong W, Rao Z, Rao J, Han G, Wang P, Jiang T, Pan X, Zhou S, Zhou H, Wang X. Aging aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion injury by promoting STING-mediated NLRP3 activation in macrophages. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13186. [PMID: 32666684 PMCID: PMC7431827 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aggravated liver injury has been reported in aged livers post‐ischemia and reperfusion (IR), the underlying mechanism of innate immune activation of aged macrophages is not well understood. Here, we investigated whether and how Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling regulated macrophage proinflammatory activation and liver IR injury. Mice were subjected to hepatic IR in vivo. Macrophages isolated from IR‐stressed livers and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) from young and aged mice were used for in vitro studies. Enhanced nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) activation was found in both livers and macrophages of aged mice post‐IR. NLRP3 knockdown in macrophages inhibited intrahepatic inflammation and liver injury in both young and aged mice. Interestingly, enhanced activation of the STING/ TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling pathway was observed in aged macrophages post‐IR and mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) stimulation. STING suppression blocked over‐activation of NLRP3 signaling and excessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the mtDNA‐stimulated BMDMs from aged mice. More importantly, STING knockdown in macrophages abrogated the detrimental role of aging in aggravating liver IR injury and intrahepatic inflammation. Finally, peripheral blood from the recipients undergoing liver transplantation was collected and analyzed. The results showed that the elderly recipients had much higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 post‐transplantation, indicating increased NLRP3 activation in lR‐stressed livers of elderly recipients. In summary, our study demonstrated that the STING‐NLRP3 axis was critical for the proinflammatory response of aged macrophages and would be a novel therapeutic target to reduce IR injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Zhong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Guoyong Han
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Nanjing China
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15
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Zhong W, Wang X, Rao Z, Pan X, Sun Y, Jiang T, Wang P, Zhou H, Wang X. Aging aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion injury by promoting hepatocyte necroptosis in an endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent manner. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:869. [PMID: 32793713 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury has been reported in aged mice. Although necroptosis inhibition showed no crucial effect on hepatic IR injury in young mice, whether and how necroptosis affects liver IR injury in aged mice remains unclear. Methods Young and aged mice were subjected to liver IR modeling. Liver injury, hepatocyte necroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were analyzed in different groups. Results Significantly increased liver necroptosis was found in aged mice post IR compared with young mice. Necroptosis inhibition by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) decreased hepatocyte necroptosis and liver injury post IR in aged mice, with no significant effects on young mice. Furthermore, IR induced ER stress in both young and aged mice, and enhanced ER stress was observed in aged mice post IR. Administration of 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an ER stress antagonist, alleviated liver IR injury in both young and aged mice. However, ER stress inhibition reduced hepatocyte necroptosis in aged mice but not in young mice. Conclusions Aging increased ER stress in IR-stressed hepatocytes, leading to aggravated necroptosis and liver IR injury. Our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of ER stress in the regulation of hepatocyte necroptosis in aged livers post IR, which would be a potential therapeutic target to reduce liver IR injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Zhong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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16
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Dickson KM, Martins PN. Implications of liver donor age on ischemia reperfusion injury and clinical outcomes. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 34:100549. [PMID: 32498978 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aging process causes detrimental changes in a variety of organ systems. These changes include: lesser ability to cope with stress, impaired repair mechanisms and decreased cellular functional reserve capacity. Not surprisingly, aging has been associated with increased susceptibility of donor heart and kidneys grafts to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). In the context of liver transplantation, however, the effect of donor age seems to be less influential in predisposing the graft to IRI. In fact, a widely comprehensive understanding of IRI in the aged liver has yet to be agreed upon in the literature. Nevertheless, there have been many reported implications of increased liver donor age with poor clinical outcomes besides IRI. These other poor outcomes include: earlier HCV recurrence, increased rates of acute rejection and greater resistance to tolerance induction. While these other correlations have been identified, it is important to re-emphasize the fact that a unified consensus in regard to liver donor age and IRI has not yet been reached among researchers in this field. Many researchers have even demonstrated that the extent of IRI in aged livers can be ameliorated by careful donor selection, strict allocation or novel therapeutic modalities to decrease IRI. Thus, the goals of this review paper are twofold: 1) To delineate and summarize the conflicting data in regard to liver donor age and IRI. 2) Suggest that careful donor selection, appropriate allocation and strategic effort to minimize IRI can reduce the frequency of a variety of poor outcomes with aged liver donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Dickson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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