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Xu H, Yong L, Gao X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Hou X. CaMK4: Structure, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116204. [PMID: 38615920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) is a versatile serine/threonine kinase involved in various cellular functions. It regulates T-cell differentiation, podocyte function, tumor cell proliferation/apoptosis, β cell mass, and insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain incompletely understood. The aims of this review are to highlight the latest advances in the regulatory mechanisms of CaMK4 underlying T-cell imbalance and parenchymal cell mass in multiple diseases. The structural motifs and activation of CaMK4, as well as the potential role of CaMK4 as a novel therapeutic target are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Liang Yong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, PR China
| | - Xianxian Gao
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yandong Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong 266033, PR China
| | - Xin Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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Zhang T, Huo H, Zhang Y, Tao J, Yang J, Rong X, Yang Y. Th17 cells: A new target in kidney disease research. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:263-279. [PMID: 38439681 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2321901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Type 17 T helper (Th17) cells, which are a subtype of CD4+ T helper cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and GM-CSF, which play crucial roles in immune defence and protection against fungal and extracellular pathogen invasion. However, dysfunction of Th17 cell immunity mediates inflammatory responses and exacerbates tissue damage. This pathological process initiated by Th17 cells is common in kidney diseases associated with renal injury, such as glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Therefore, targeting Th17 cells to treat kidney diseases has been a hot topic in recent years. This article reviews the mechanisms of Th17 cell-mediated inflammation and autoimmune responses in kidney diseases and discusses the related clinical drugs that modulate Th17 cell fate in kidney disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, The R&D Center of Drug for Renal Diseases, Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Deng T, Lei F, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li G, Zhu Y, Du B, Xi X. MCP-1/CCR2 axis is involved in the regulation of γδT cells in lupus nephritis. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13305. [PMID: 38441377 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
γδT cells are important innate immune cells that are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of SLE, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells (including γδT cells) in the target organs to participate in the disease process. Therefore, clarifying how γδT cells chemotactically migrate to target organs may be a key to developing therapeutic methods against LN. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of chemokines in LN patients and healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry were used to measure the expression of chemokine receptors on the surface of γδT cells. The chemotactic migration ability of γδT cells was detected by Transwell assay. Signalling pathway activation of γδT cells was detected by Automated Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay and flow cytometry. The serum levels of chemokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in LN patients, were significantly increased. CCR2, the receptor of MCP-1, was also highly expressed on the surface of peripheral γδT cells in LN patients. In addition, the exogenous addition of MCP-1 can enhance chemotactic migration of γδT cells in LN patients. MCP-1 could activate STAT3 signalling in LN patients' peripheral γδT cells. γδT cells might participate in the pathogenesis of LN through MCP-1/CCR2 axis. This finding provides new opportunities for developing treatment methods against LN by targeting MCP-1/CCR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Deng
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Feifei Lei
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yangbin Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Qiu F, Li Y, Zhu Y, Li G, Lei F, Zhang S, Luo L, Zhu J, Guo Y, Du B, Xi X. CX3CR1 might be a promising predictor of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13038. [PMID: 33665864 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects many organs including the lungs. Chemokines are suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In the present study, our objective is to evaluate the correlation between chemokines and PF in SLE patients. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to find the different expressed genes between SLE patients with PF and without PF. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of chemokines in SLE patients and healthy controls. Expression of CX3CR1 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometer. Sixteen differentially chemokine genes were found to be associated to SLE with PF. Meanwhile, the upregulation of C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and its ligand, CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) were observed in SLE patients with PF than that of SLE patients without PF and healthy control. Phenotypic analysis also showed that the surface expression of CX3CR1 increased in PBMCs from SLE patients with PF. Our observations indicated that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is associated with PF in SLE. CX3CR1 might be a promising predictor of SLE with PF and the interactions between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 might provide potential candidate target for the treatment of SLE with PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Youling Li
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Feifei Lei
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jietao Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Min Z, Ye Z, Gang L, Boyu D, Xueyan X. IFI27 as a potential indicator for severe Enterovirus 71-infected hand foot and mouth disease. Virus Res 2020; 289:198149. [PMID: 32866535 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 (EV71)-induced severe hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has not yet been clearly established. Further study into the mechanisms underlying host immune responses to EV71 infection and identifying important predictors will be crucial to antiviral treatment and early recognition of severe HFMD. The present study establishes that T help (Th)1 type, Th2 type, and Th17 type cytokine levels in serum of peripheral blood from patients with severe HFMD is higher than in peripheral blood from healthy subjects. The most significant increase occurred as the IL-6. In order to identify the important molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from severe HFMD patients, we performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of PBMC from severe HFMD patients and compared them to healthy controls. Interferon α-inducible protein 27 (IFI27) and cluster of differentiation 27 (CD27) were found to be the most significant differentially expressed gene. Finally, IFI27 was proved to be present at higher levels in patients with severe HFMD than in patients with mild HFMD. Our results suggest that IFI27 may be an indicator of the severity of cases EV71-induced HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Min
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China
| | - Zhu Ye
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China
| | - Li Gang
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China
| | - Du Boyu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China; Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China.
| | - Xi Xueyan
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China; Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, PR China.
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