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Pedersen K, Nielsen MA, Juul-Madsen K, Hvid M, Deleuran B, Greisen SR. Galectin-3 interacts with PD-1 and counteracts the PD-1 pathway-driven regulation of T cell and osteoclast activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13245. [PMID: 36537046 PMCID: PMC10078345 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and bone erosions. The glycosylated programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor plays an important role in regulating immune responses and maintaining tolerance. In this study, we focus on two features observed in RA: impaired PD-1 signalling and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) upregulation. We hypothesize that Gal-3 binds PD-1 and PD-1 ligands, potentially contributing to impaired PD-1 signalling. PD-1 and Gal-3 levels in RA synovial fluid (SF) and plasma were evaluated by ELISA. PD-1 and Gal-3 interaction was examined by Surface Plasmon Resonance and ELISA. PD-1, PD-L1 and Gal-3 expression on mononuclear cells from SF and peripheral blood as well as fibroblast-like synoviocytes were examined by flow cytometry. Effects of Gal-3 and PD-L1 on osteoclast formation was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase assay. We show that Gal-3 binds PD-1 and PD-L1. Results demonstrated high expression of PD-1 and Gal-3 on mononuclear cells, especially from SF. Gal-3 inhibited PD-1 signalling when PD-L1 was present. Furthermore, a role of Gal-3 in osteoclast formation was observed in vitro, both directly but also through PD-1:PD-L1 inhibition. Effects of Gal-3 on the PD-1 signalling axis are proposed to be inhibitory, meaning high Gal-3 levels in the complex synovial microenvironment are not desirable in RA. Preventing Gal-3's inhibitory role on PD-1 signalling could, therefore, be a therapeutic target in RA by affecting inflammatory T cell responses and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Aagaard Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Tian EM, Yu MC, Feng M, Lu LX, Liu CL, Shen LA, Wang YH, Xie Q, Zhu D. RORγt agonist synergizes with CTLA-4 antibody to inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of Treg cells via TGF-β signaling in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105793. [PMID: 34339836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, the overall response rate to checkpoint blockade remains unsatisfactory, partially due to the limited understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment. The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is the key transcription factor of T helper cell 17 (Th17) cells and plays an essential role in tumor immunity. In this study, we used JG-1, a potent and selective small-molecule RORγt agonist to evaluate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of targeting RORγt in tumor immunity. JG-1 promotes Th17 cells differentiation and inhibition of regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiation. JG-1 demonstrates robust tumor growth inhibition in multiple syngeneic models and shows a synergic effect with the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody. In tumors, JG-1 not only promotes Th17 cells differentiation and increases C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6 (CCR6)- Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) expression, but also inhibits both the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the differentiation and infiltration of Treg cells. In summary, JG-1 is a lead compound showing a potent activity in vitro and robust tumor growth inhibition in vivo with synergetic effects with anti-CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Ming Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Xue Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng-Long Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-An Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan Unvieristy, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Lee P, Yim R, Yung Y, Chu HT, Yip PK, Gill H. Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10232. [PMID: 34638574 PMCID: PMC8508686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous, clonal hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations contribute to leukemic transformation. The hypomethylating agents (HMAs), azacitidine and decitabine are the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS. Although these agents induce responses in up to 40-60% of patients, primary or secondary drug resistance is relatively common. To improve the treatment outcome, combinational therapies comprising HMA with targeted therapy or immunotherapy are being evaluated and are under continuous development. This review provides a comprehensive update of the molecular pathogenesis and immune-dysregulations involved in MDS, mechanisms of resistance to HMA, and strategies to overcome HMA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Harinder Gill
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.)
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