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Xie B, Li J, Lou Y, Chen Q, Yang Y, Zhang R, Liu Z, He L, Cheng Y. Reprogramming macrophage metabolism following myocardial infarction: A neglected piece of a therapeutic opportunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113019. [PMID: 39217876 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Given the global prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) as the leading cause of mortality, there is an urgent need to devise novel strategies that target reducing infarct size, accelerating cardiac tissue repair, and preventing detrimental left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Macrophages, as a predominant type of innate immune cells, undergo metabolic reprogramming following MI, resulting in alterations in function and phenotype that significantly impact the progression of MI size and LV remodeling. This article aimed to delineate the characteristics of macrophage metabolites during reprogramming in MI and elucidate their targets and functions in cardioprotection. Furthermore, we summarize the currently proposed regulatory mechanisms of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and identify the regulators derived from endogenous products and natural small molecules. Finally, we discussed the challenges of macrophage metabolic reprogramming in the treatment of MI, with the goal of inspiring further fundamental and clinical research into reprogramming macrophage metabolism and validating its potential therapeutic targets for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiahua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Yanmei Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China.
| | - Liu He
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hengqin, China.
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Zhang S, Yan F, Luan F, Chai Y, Li N, Wang YW, Chen ZL, Xu DQ, Tang YP. The pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155649. [PMID: 38653154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability, with myocardial ischemia being the predominant type that poses a significant threat to humans. Reperfusion, an essential therapeutic approach, promptly reinstates blood circulation to the ischemic myocardium and stands as the most efficacious clinical method for myocardial preservation. Nevertheless, the restoration of blood flow associated with this process can potentially induce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), thereby diminishing the effectiveness of reperfusion and impacting patient prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent and treat MIRI. PURPOSE MIRI is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients, and there is no specific in-clinic treatment plan. In this review, we have endeavored to summarize its pathological mechanisms and therapeutic drugs to provide more powerful evidence for clinical application. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar with a core focus on the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs of MIRI. RESULTS Accumulated evidence revealed that oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolism disorder, ferroptosis, inflammatory reaction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis and autophagy regulation have been shown to participate in the process, and that the occurrence and development of MIRI are related to plenty of signaling pathways. Currently, a range of chemical drugs, natural products, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have demonstrated the ability to mitigate MIRI by targeting various mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS At present, most of the research focuses on animal and cell experiments, and the regulatory mechanisms of each signaling pathway are still unclear. The translation of experimental findings into clinical practice remains incomplete, necessitating further exploration through large-scale, multi-center randomized controlled trials. Given the absence of a specific drug for MIRI, the identification of therapeutic agents to reduce myocardial ischemia is of utmost significance. For the future, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanism underlying MIRI, continuously investigate and develop novel pharmaceutical agents, expedite the clinical translation of these drugs, and foster innovative approaches that integrate TCM with Western medicine. These efforts will facilitate the emergence of fresh perspectives for the clinical management of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Chen
- International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Liu M, Li S, Yin M, Li Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Li Q, Xu F, Dai C, Xia Y, Chen A, Lu D, Chen Z, Qian J, Ge J. Pinacidil ameliorates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting chaperone-mediated autophagy of calreticulin. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:113-131. [PMID: 38168863 PMCID: PMC10837255 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Calcium overload is the key trigger in cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and calreticulin (CRT) is a calcium buffering protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Additionally, the role of pinacidil, an antihypertensive drug, in protecting cardiac microcirculation against I/R injury has not been investigated. Hence, this study aimed to explore the benefits of pinacidil on cardiac microvascular I/R injury with a focus on endothelial calcium homeostasis and CRT signaling. Cardiac vascular perfusion and no-reflow area were assessed using FITC-lectin perfusion assay and Thioflavin-S staining. Endothelial calcium homeostasis, CRT-IP3Rs-MCU signaling expression, and apoptosis were assessed by real-time calcium signal reporter GCaMP8, western blotting, and fluorescence staining. Drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) assay was adopted to detect proteins that directly bind to pinacidil. The present study found pinacidil treatment improved capillary density and perfusion, reduced no-reflow and infraction areas, and improved cardiac function and hemodynamics after I/R injury. These benefits were attributed to the ability of pinacidil to alleviate calcium overload and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Moreover, the DARTS assay showed that pinacidil directly binds to HSP90, through which it inhibits chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degradation of CRT. CRT overexpression inhibited IP3Rs and MCU expression, reduced mitochondrial calcium inflow and mitochondrial injury, and suppressed endothelial apoptosis. Importantly, endothelial-specific overexpression of CRT shared similar benefits with pinacidil on cardiovascular protection against I/R injury. In conclusion, our data indicate that pinacidil attenuated microvascular I/R injury potentially through improving CRT degradation and endothelial calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Youran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danbo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Bresciani G, Manai F, Davinelli S, Tucci P, Saso L, Amadio M. Novel potential pharmacological applications of dimethyl fumarate-an overview and update. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1264842. [PMID: 37745068 PMCID: PMC10512734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1264842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. DMF is known to stabilize the transcription factor Nrf2, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant response element genes. It has also been shown that DMF influences autophagy and participates in the transcriptional control of inflammatory factors by inhibiting NF-κB and its downstream targets. DMF is receiving increasing attention for its potential to be repurposed for several diseases. This versatile molecule is indeed able to exert beneficial effects on different medical conditions through a pleiotropic mechanism, in virtue of its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies show that DMF may have important therapeutic implications for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies, cancer, eye disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and systemic or organ specific inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. This comprehensive review summarizes and highlights the plethora of DMF's beneficial effects and underlines its repurposing opportunities in a variety of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bresciani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Huang K, Wu H, Xu X, Wu L, Li Q, Han L. Identification of TGF-β-related genes in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure based on single cell RNA sequencing. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7187-7218. [PMID: 37498303 PMCID: PMC10415570 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) remains a huge medical burden worldwide. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most significant phenotypes of HF. Several studies have reported that the TGF-β pathway plays a double-sided role in HF. Therefore, TGF-β-related genes (TRGs) may be potential therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy and HF. However, the roles of TRGs in HF at the single-cell level remain unclear. METHOD In this study, to analyze the expression pattern of TRGs during the progress of cardiac hypertrophy and HF, we used three public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets for HF (GSE161470, GSE145154, and GSE161153), one HF transcriptome data (GSE57338), and one hypertrophic cardiomyopathy transcriptome data (GSE141910). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis and machine learning algorithms were used to filter hub genes. Transverse aortic constriction mice model, CCK-8, wound healing assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to validate bioinformatics results. RESULTS We observed that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells showed high TGF-β activity during the progress of HF. Three modules (royalblue, brown4, and darkturquoize) were identified to be significantly associated with TRGs in HF. Six hub genes (TANC2, ADAMTS2, DYNLL1, MRC2, EGR1, and OTUD1) showed anomaly trend in cardiac hypertrophy. We further validated the regulation of the TGF-β-MYC-ADAMTS2 axis on CFs activation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study identified six hub genes (TANC2, ADAMTS2, DYNLL1, MRC2, EGR1, and OTUD1) by integrating scRNA and transcriptome data. These six hub genes might be therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jin X, Ma Y, Liu D, Huang Y. Role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e249. [PMID: 37125240 PMCID: PMC10130418 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is regarded as a pathological form of cell death with an intracellular program mediated, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and embryonic development. Pyroptosis is a new paradigm of PCD, which has received increasing attention due to its close association with immunity and disease. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermin that promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines and contents induced by inflammasome activation. Recently, increasing evidence in studies shows that pyroptosis has a crucial role in inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, neurological diseases (NDs), and metabolic diseases (MDs), suggesting that targeting cell death is a potential intervention for the treatment of these inflammatory diseases. Based on this, the review aims to identify the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to pyroptosis activation and summarizes the current insights into the complicated relationship between pyroptosis and multiple human inflammatory diseases (CVDs, cancer, NDs, and MDs). We also discuss a promising novel strategy and method for treating these inflammatory diseases by targeting pyroptosis and focus on the pyroptosis pathway application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Jin
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yinchu Ma
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Didi Liu
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yi Huang
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
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Xie Y, Li Y, Chen J, Ding H, Zhang X. Early growth response-1: Key mediators of cell death and novel targets for cardiovascular disease therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1162662. [PMID: 37057102 PMCID: PMC10086247 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1162662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceCardiovascular diseases are seen to be a primary cause of death, and their prevalence has significantly increased across the globe in the past few years. Several studies have shown that cell death is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, many molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the cardiac cell death mechanism. One of the factors that played a vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiac cell death mechanisms included the early growth response-1 (Egr-1) factor.Recent AdvancesStudies have shown that abnormal Egr-1 expression is linked to different animal and human disorders like heart failure and myocardial infarction. The biosynthesis of Egr-1 regulates its activity. Egr-1 can be triggered by many factors such as serum, cytokines, hormones, growth factors, endotoxins, mechanical injury, hypoxia, and shear stress. It also displays a pro-apoptotic effect on cardiac cells, under varying stress conditions. EGR1 mediates a broad range of biological responses to oxidative stress and cell death by combining the acute changes occurring in the cellular environment with sustained changes in gene expression.Future DirectionsThe primary regulatory role played by the Egr-1-targeting DNAzymes, microRNAs, and oligonucleotide decoy strategies in cardiovascular diseases were identified to provide a reference to identify novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xiaowei Zhang
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Wang B, Ma W, Di Y. Activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling by Pratensein From Trifolium pretense Mitigates Ferroptosis in OGD/R-Insulted H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pratensein (PTS) is a type of flavonoid that has been identified in various plants, such as Trifolium pretense L., with a considerable cytoprotective effect against exogenous stimuli. However, the biological function of PTS in cardiomyocytes in response to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) conditions is unclear. Purpose: In our study, we examined the function of PTS in the progression of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in H9c2 cells. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess the viability of H9c2 cells. The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and flow cytometry assays confirmed apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) content, and Fe2+ level were evaluated. Western blotting was used to detect relative protein expression. Results: We firstly found that PTS reduced apoptosis of H9c2 cells in response to OGD/R stimulation. PTS attenuates the increase in ROS and MDA production and the decrease in GSH content caused by OGD/R. The increased Fe2+ level in OGD/R-treated H9c2 cells was also restrained by PTS. For mechanism studies, we found that the decreased expression levels of Nrf2 and GPX4 in OGD/R-treated H9c2 cells were significantly elevated after PTS treatment. Knockdown of Nrf2 in H9c2 cells reversed the protective effect of PTS on ferroptosis in H9c2 cells induced by OGD/R, indicated by reduced cell viability, increased apoptotic cells and oxidation markers, and increased Fe2+ level. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we speculated that PTS may protect H9c2 cells from OGD/R-caused ferroptosis by modulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan City, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan City, China
| | - Yali Di
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan City, China
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Hu X, Li C, Wang Q, Wei Z, Chen T, Wang Y, Li Y. Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity By Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872057. [PMID: 35559248 PMCID: PMC9089305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited in clinical application because of its cardiotoxicity. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are crucial in DOX-induced cardiac injury. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an FDA-approved oral drug with powerful effects to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis through the Nrf2 pathway. This study was aimed to determine whether DMF can protect against DOX-induced cardiac injury. We used both neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) in vitro and DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in vivo to explore the effects of DMF. The results showed that DMF significantly improved cell viability and morphology in NRCMs. In addition, DMF alleviated DOX-induced cardiac injury in rats, as evidenced by decreased CK-MB, LDH levels, improved survival rates, cardiac function, and pathological changes. Moreover, DMF significantly inhibited cardiac oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels and increasing GSH, SOD, and GSH-px levels. And DMF also inhibited DOX-induced cardiac apoptosis by modulating Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Moreover, DMF exerted its protective effects against DOX by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which activated its downstream antioxidant gene Hmox1. Silencing of Nrf2 attenuated the protective effects of DMF in NRCMs as manifested by increased intracellular oxidative stress, elevated apoptosis levels, and decreased cell viability. In addition, DMF showed no protective effects on the viability of DOX-treated tumor cells, which suggested that DMF does not interfere with the antitumor effect of DOX in vitro. In conclusion, our data confirmed that DMF alleviated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis through the Nrf2 pathway. DMF may serve as a new candidate to alleviate DOX-related cardiotoxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taizhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Thomas SD, Jha NK, Sadek B, Ojha S. Repurposing Dimethyl Fumarate for Cardiovascular Diseases: Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Promise. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050497. [PMID: 35631325 PMCID: PMC9143321 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small molecule that has been shown to assert potent in vivo immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic actions. The drug has been approved and is currently in use for treating multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in the USA and Europe. Since inflammatory reactions have been significantly implicated in the etiology and progression of diverse disease states, the pharmacological actions of DMF are presently being explored and generalized to other diseases where inflammation needs to be suppressed and immunoregulation is desirable, either as a monotherapeutic agent or as an adjuvant. In this review, we focus on DMF, and present an overview of its mechanism of action while briefly discussing its pharmacokinetic profile. We further discuss in detail its pharmacological uses and highlight its potential applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. DMF, with its unique combination of anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective effects, has the potential to be repurposed as a therapeutic agent in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The clinical studies mentioned in this review with respect to the beneficial effects of DMF in atherosclerosis involve observations in patients with multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in small cohorts and for short durations. The findings of these studies need to be assessed in larger prospective clinical trials, ideally with a double-blind randomized study design, investigating the effects on cardiovascular endpoints as well as morbidity and mortality. The long-term impact of DMF therapy on cardiovascular diseases also needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Deepa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.O.)
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11
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Chaudhuri RK. Transcriptomic Analysis of Fumarate Compounds Identifies Unique Effects of Isosorbide Di-(Methyl Fumarate) on NRF2, NF-kappaB and IRF1 Pathway Genes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040461. [PMID: 35455458 PMCID: PMC9026097 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has emerged as a first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This treatment, however, has been limited by adverse effects, which has prompted development of novel derivatives with improved tolerability. We compared the effects of fumarates on gene expression in astrocytes. Our analysis included diroximel fumarate (DRF) and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF), along with a novel compound isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF). Treatment with IDMF resulted in the largest number of differentially expressed genes. The effects of DRF and MMF were consistent with NRF2 activation and NF-κB inhibition, respectively. IDMF responses, however, were concordant with both NRF2 activation and NF-κB inhibition, and we confirmed IDMF-mediated NF-κB inhibition using a reporter assay. IDMF also down-regulated IRF1 expression and IDMF-decreased gene promoters were enriched with IRF1 recognition sequences. Genes altered by each fumarate overlapped significantly with those near loci from MS genetic association studies, but IDMF had the strongest overall effect on MS-associated genes. These results show that next-generation fumarates, such as DRF and IDMF, have effects differing from those of the MMF metabolite. Our findings support a model in which IDMF attenuates oxidative stress via NRF2 activation, with suppression of NF-κB and IRF1 contributing to mitigation of inflammation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45236, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Krzysztof Bojanowski
- Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., Santa Paula, CA 93060, USA;
- Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boonton, NJ 07005, USA;
| | - Ratan K. Chaudhuri
- Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boonton, NJ 07005, USA;
- Sytheon Ltd., Boonton, NJ 07005, USA
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Piaserico S, Messina F. Pharmacological management of severe plaque psoriasis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:853-864. [PMID: 35361040 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is compelling evidence about the independent association between psoriasis and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, in particular myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure and cardiac arrythmia. This is due to both the higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking) and an independent contribution of chronic systemic inflammation associated with psoriasis. Inflammation is not only important in atherosclerosis, but also is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to heart failure and arrythmia through microvascular dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. When treating a patient with severe psoriasis, it is recommended to take into consideration this enhanced cardiovascular risk. Moreover, the use of a systemic treatment in a patient with already existing cardiovascular comorbidities should always be considered with caution, assessing the pro and cons of these drugs. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the pharmacological management of severe plaque psoriasis in patients with cardiovascular disease, providing their expert opinion and future perspectives on the subject. EXPERT OPINION Theoretically, anti-inflammatory drugs may not only dampen the systemic burden associated with psoriasis, but also potentially contribute to prevent long-term cardiovascular events in psoriasis. On the other hand, some treatments may also induce negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Whether findings from observational studies or ones evaluating surrogates of cardiovascular risk translate into reductions in cardiovascular events needs to be investigated by long-term clinical trials with clinically meaningful endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piaserico
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Messina
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Mata A, Cadenas S. The Antioxidant Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11939. [PMID: 34769371 PMCID: PMC8585042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls cellular defense responses against toxic and oxidative stress by modulating the expression of genes involved in antioxidant response and drug detoxification. In addition to maintaining redox homeostasis, Nrf2 is also involved in various cellular processes including metabolism and inflammation. Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, which allows cells to quickly respond to pathological stress. In the present review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. We also focus on the impact of Nrf2 in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition that stimulates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we analyze the protective effect of several natural and synthetic compounds that induce Nrf2 activation and protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and other organs, and their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mata
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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