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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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Kaplan A, Lakkis B, El-Samadi L, Karaayvaz EB, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Cooling Down Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System via the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:241-265. [PMID: 37539950 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammation is a major player in many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. In many individuals, these conditions coexist and mutually exacerbate each other's progression. The pathophysiology of these diseases entails the active involvement of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Immune cells that possess the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on their surface have the potential to be targeted through both pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the cholinergic system. The cholinergic system regulates the inflammatory response to various stressors in different organ systems by systematically suppressing spleen-derived monocytes and chemokines and locally improving immune cell function. Research on the cardiovascular system has demonstrated the potential for atheroma plaque stabilization and regression as favorable outcomes. Smaller infarct size and reduced fibrosis have been associated with improved cardiac function and a decrease in adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, enhanced electrical stability of the myocardium can lead to a reduction in the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. In addition, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing oxidative stress can result in less myocardial tissue damage caused by reperfusion injury. Restoring baroreflex activity and reduction in renal damage can promote blood pressure regulation and help counteract hypertension. Thus, the present review highlights the potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation as a natural approach to alleviate the adverse consequences of inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Cardiology, Kemer Public Hospital, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bachir Lakkis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lana El-Samadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
- Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, France
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Khuanjing T, Maneechote C, Ongnok B, Prathumsap N, Arinno A, Chunchai T, Arunsak B, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition protects against trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity through reducing multiple programmed cell death pathways. Mol Med 2023; 29:123. [PMID: 37691124 PMCID: PMC10494358 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab (Trz)-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) is one of the most common adverse effects of targeted anticancer agents. Although oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and ferroptosis have been identified as potential mechanisms underlying TIC, the roles of pyroptosis and necroptosis under TIC have never been investigated. It has been shown that inhibition of acetylcholinesterase function by using donepezil exerts protective effects in various heart diseases. However, it remains unknown whether donepezil exerts anti-cardiotoxic effects in rats with TIC. We hypothesized that donepezil reduces mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte death, leading to improved left ventricular (LV) function in rats with TIC. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to be Control or Trz groups (Trz 4 mg/kg/day, 7 days, I.P.). Rats in Trz groups were assigned to be co-treated with either drinking water (Trz group) or donepezil 5 mg/kg/day (Trz + DPZ group) via oral gavage for 7 days. Cardiac function, heart rate variability (HRV), and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Trz-treated rats had impaired LV function, HRV, mitochondrial function, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Donepezil co-treatment effectively decreased those adverse effects of TIC, resulting in improved LV function. An in vitro study revealed that the cytoprotective effects of donepezil were abolished by a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Donepezil exerted cardioprotection against TIC via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte death, leading to improved LV function through mAChR activation. This suggests that donepezil could be a novel intervention strategy in TIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nanthip Prathumsap
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Wu Z, Xia Y, Wang C, Lu W, Zuo H, Wu D, Li Y, Guo R, Lu J, Zhang L. Electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) attenuates cardiac dysfunction caused by cecal ligation and puncture via the vagus nerve. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114600. [PMID: 36996679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies proved the benefits of electroacupuncture (EA) on heart in ischemia reperfusion injury and chronic heart failure. However, the role of EA on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction has rarely been elucidated before. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of EA on cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis and to speculate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats. EA at the acupoint "Neiguan (PC6)" was applied 0.5 h after the induction of sepsis for 20 min. Heart rate variability was obtained immediately after EA to evaluate autonomic balance. Echocardiography was performed at 6 h and 24 h after sepsis induction in vivo. Measurements of hemodynamics, blood gases, cytokines and biochemistry were collected at 24 h. Cardiac tissue underwent immunofluorescence staining to determine the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages. RESULTS EA increased vagus nerve activity, prevented the development of hyperlactatemia, attenuated the decline of left ventricle ejection fraction, suppressed systemic and cardiac inflammation and alleviated the histopathological manifestations of heart in sepsis rats. Furthermore, the cardiac tissue from EA treated rats showed increased expressions of α7nAChR on macrophages. The cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of EA were partly or completely prevented in rats with vagotomy. CONCLUSION EA at PC6 attenuates left ventricle dysfunction and decreases inflammation in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. The cardio-protective effects of EA are mediated through vagus nerve mediated cholinergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China.
| | - Yiqiu Xia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China.
| | - Han Zuo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China.
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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Smith S, Ascione R. Targeting neuro-immune systems to achieve cardiac tissue repair following myocardial infarction: A review of therapeutic approaches from in-vivo preclinical to clinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108397. [PMID: 36996910 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial healing following myocardial infarction (MI) toward either functional tissue repair or excessive scarring/heart failure, may depend on a complex interplay between nervous and immune system responses, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury factors, as well as genetic and epidemiological factors. Hence, enhancing cardiac repair post MI may require a more patient-specific approach targeting this complex interplay and not just the heart, bearing in mind that the dysregulation or modulation of just one of these systems or some of their mechanisms may determine the outcome either toward functional repair or toward heart failure. In this review we have elected to focus on existing preclinical and clinical in-vivo studies aimed at testing novel therapeutic approaches targeting the nervous and immune systems to trigger myocardial healing toward functional tissue repair. To this end, we have only selected clinical and preclinical in-vivo studies reporting on novel treatments targeting neuro-immune systems to ultimately treat MI. Next, we have grouped and reported treatments under each neuro-immune system. Finally, for each treatment we have assessed and reported the results of each clinical/preclinical study and then discussed their results collectively. This structured approach has been followed for each treatment discussed. To keep this review focused, we have deliberately omitted to cover other important and related research areas such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cell and gene therapies as well as any ex-vivo and in-vitro studies. The review indicates that some of the treatments targeting the neuro-immune/inflammatory systems appear to induce beneficial effects remotely on the healing heart post MI, warranting further validation. These remote effects on the heart also indicates the presence of an overarching synergic response occurring across the nervous and immune systems in response to acute MI, which appear to influence cardiac tissue repair in different ways depending on age and timing of treatment delivery following MI. The cumulative evidence arising from this review allows also to make informed considerations on safe as opposed to detrimental treatments, and within the safe treatments to ascertain those associated with conflicting or supporting preclinical data, and those warranting further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Smith
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Ruíz-Arias MA, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Agraz-Cibrián JM, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF, Verdín-Betancourt FA, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Rojas-García AE. Hematological indices as indicators of inflammation induced by exposure to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19466-19476. [PMID: 36239889 PMCID: PMC9561311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide toxicity, both acute and chronic, is a global public health concern. Pesticides are involved in abnormal inflammatory responses by interfering with the normal physiology and metabolic status of cells. In this regard, inflammatory indices aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte platelet ratio (NLPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have been used as predictive markers of inflammatory status in several diseases and also in acute poisoning events. This study aimed to determine systemic inflammation indices and their relationship with pesticide exposure from urban sprayers in 302 individuals categorized into three groups (reference group and moderate and high exposure groups). The data suggest that the AISI, MLR, NLPR, and SIRI indices were significantly higher in the exposed groups compared with the reference group. In conclusion, this study proposes that inflammation indices warrant further attention in order to assess their value as early biomarkers of acute and chronic pesticide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alfonso Ruíz-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Área de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Francisco Alberto Verdín-Betancourt
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México.
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Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032045. [PMID: 36768369 PMCID: PMC9916402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss sympathetic regulation in normal and diabetic wound healing. Experimental denervation studies have confirmed that sympathetic nerve endings in skin have an important and complex role in wound healing. Vasoconstrictor neurons secrete norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Both mediators decrease blood flow and interact with inflammatory cells and keratinocytes. NE acts in an ambiguous way depending on receptor type. Beta2-adrenoceptors could be activated near sympathetic endings; they suppress inflammation and re-epithelialization. Alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors induce inflammation and activate keratinocytes. Sudomotor neurons secrete acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Both induce vasodilatation, angiogenesis, inflammation, keratinocytes proliferation and migration. In healthy skin, all effects are important for successful healing. In treatment of diabetic ulcers, mediator balance could be shifted in different ways. Beta2-adrenoceptors blockade and nicotinic ACh receptors activation are the most promising directions in treatment of diabetic ulcers with neuropathy, but they require further research.
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Putilina MV. [A complex of B vitamins, choline and inosine in the treatment of chronic pain]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:114-119. [PMID: 37084375 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123041114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is an independent disease associated with multiple changes in the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The use of B vitamins is pathogenetically justified. Unlike others, the CompligamB complex contains almost all fractions of B vitamins, inosine and para-aminobenzoic acid, which provides an additional therapeutic effect. The effects of vitamins are summarized, in some cases they are potentiated, while none of them can replace the other, so it is advisable to use vitamin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Putilina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Pooladgar P, Sakhabakhsh M, Taghva A, Soleiman-Meigooni S. Donepezil Beyond Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review of Therapeutic Potentials of Donepezil in Different Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e128408. [PMID: 36942075 PMCID: PMC10024338 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-128408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil hydrochloride is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor studied and approved to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this drug can have positive therapeutic potential in treating different conditions, including various neurodegenerative disorders such as other types of dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, psychiatric and mood disorders, and even infectious diseases. Hence, this study reviewed the therapeutic potential of this drug in treating Alzheimer's and other diseases by reviewing the articles from databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct. It was shown that donepezil could affect the pathophysiology of these diseases via mechanisms such as increasing the concentration of acetylcholine, modulating local and systemic inflammatory processes, affecting acetylcholine receptors like nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and activating various cellular signaling via receptors like sigma-1 receptors. Despite many therapeutic potentials, this drug has not yet been approved for treating non-Alzheimer's diseases, and more comprehensive studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Pooladgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sakhabakhsh
- Head of Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsia Taghva
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yu J, Zhang RF, Mao YL. Cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrostimulation attenuates inflammation in a Post-Infarction rat model by activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136860. [PMID: 36041546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are negative correlations between indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and markers of inflammation. The inflammation plays an important role in myocardial damages after myocardial infarction (MI). Our previous study found that fastigial nucleus electrostimulation (FNS) improved abnormal HRV in a rat model of MI. Whether and how it can reduce inflammation and improve cardiac function after MI and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. 66 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: i) Sham operation group (Sham); ii) Myocardial infarction group (MI); iii) FNS+MI group (FNS plus MI): left fastigial nucleus electrostimulation; iv) FNL+FNS+MI group (left fastigial nucleus lesion plus FNS plus MI). The serum expressions of acetylcholine (ACh), pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 after FNS were measured using ELISA. Subsequently, the infarct size, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the fibrotic area, and cardiac function were also evaluated. Additionally, the effects of FNS on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP)-related proteins expression were determined by Western blot. We found that FNS significantly upregulated ACh and IL-10 expressions in serum, and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels. FNS significantly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and infarct size, decreased fibrosis, increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and reduced mortality. Besides, the levels of p-STAT3/STAT3 and p-NF-κB/NF-κB significantly elevated after MI. FNS down-regulated the expression of p-STAT3/STAT3 and p-NF-κB/NF-κB. The protective effects of FNS were partially reversed by the fastigial nucleus lesion. Our data suggested that FNS can alleviate the inflammation after MI, and its cardiac neuroprotective mechanism may be achieved by increasing vagus tone, releasing ACh, and further activating the CAP via α7nAChR. The precise mechanism remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Run-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi-Li Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
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11
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Sabnis RW. Novel Spiropiperidine Allosteric Modulators of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Treating Central Nervous System Disorders. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1866-1867. [PMID: 34917237 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1230 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 3100, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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12
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Khuanjing T, Ongnok B, Maneechote C, Siri-Angkul N, Prathumsap N, Arinno A, Chunchai T, Arunsak B, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through reducing RIP1-mediated necroptosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105882. [PMID: 34530122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, but causes cardiotoxicity which limits its use. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation are closely implicated in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Necroptosis, a new form of programmed cell death, was also upregulated by doxorubicin, leading to cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, exerted cardioprotection against various heart diseases. However, its cardioprotective effects in DIC are still unknown. We hypothesized that donepezil reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial dynamics imbalance, necroptosis, and apoptosis in DIC rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to receive either normal saline solution (n = 8) or doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, 6 doses, n = 16) via intraperitoneal injection. The doxorubicin-treated rats were further subdivided to receive either sterile drinking water (n = 8) or donepezil (5 mg/kg/day, p.o., n = 8) for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the left ventricular (LV) function was determined. Serum and heart tissue were collected to evaluate histological and biochemical parameters. Doxorubicin-treated rats exhibited higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and ROS production. Doxorubicin also impaired mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics balance, mitophagy, and autophagy, which culminated in apoptosis. Furthermore, doxorubicin increased necroptosis as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like. All of these mechanisms led to LV dysfunction. Interestingly, donepezil alleviated mitochondrial injury, mitophagy, autophagy, and cardiomyocyte death, leading to improved LV function in DIC. In conclusion, donepezil attenuated DIC-induced LV dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial damage, mitophagy, autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nanthip Prathumsap
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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13
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Harjacek M. Immunopathophysiology of Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (jSpA): The "Out of the Box" View on Epigenetics, Neuroendocrine Pathways and Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:700982. [PMID: 34692718 PMCID: PMC8526544 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.700982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile spondyloarthritis (jSpA) is a an umbrella term for heterogeneous group of related seronegative inflammatory disorders sharing common symptoms. Although it mainly affects children and adolescents, it often remains active during adulthood. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in its occurrence, although the exact underlying immunopathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated. Accumulated evidence suggests that, in affected patients, subclinical gut inflammation caused by intestinal dysbiosis, is pivotal to the future development of synovial-entheseal complex inflammation. While the predominant role of IL17/23 axis, TNF-α, and IL-7 in the pathophysiology of SpA, including jSpA, is firmly established, the role of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is generally overlooked. The purpose of this review is to discuss and emphasize the role of epigenetics, neuroendocrine pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis, and to propose a novel hypothesis of the role of decreased NLRP3 gene expression and possibly MIF in the early phases of jSpA development. The decreased NLRP3 gene expression in the latter, due to hypomethylation of promotor site, is (one of) the cause for inflammasome malfunction leading to gut dysbiosis observed in patients with early jSpA. In addition, we highlight the role of MIF in the complex innate, adaptive cellular and main effector cytokine network, Finally, since treatment of advanced bone pathology in SpA remains an unmet clinical need, I suggest possible new drug targets with the aim to ultimately improve treatment efficacy and long-term outcome of jSpA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Harjacek
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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15
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Reale M, Costantini E. Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020029. [PMID: 33921376 PMCID: PMC8167596 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), elicit a neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the neurodegenerative disease process itself. The immune and nervous systems use the same mediators, receptors, and cells to regulate the immune and nervous systems as well as neuro-immune interactions. In various neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral inflammatory mediators and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery cause exacerbation to current injury in the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in the peripheral and central nervous systems, in fact, other than cells of the CNS, the peripheral immune cells also possess a cholinergic system. The findings on peripheral cholinergic signaling, and the activation of the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway” mediated by ACh binding to α7 nAChR as one of the possible mechanisms for controlling inflammation, have restarted interest in cholinergic-mediated pathological processes and in the new potential therapeutic target for neuro-inflammatory-degenerative diseases. Herein, we focus on recent progress in the modulatory mechanisms of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
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