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Liu T, Li Y, Hu N. Aucubin Alleviates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01354-1. [PMID: 38967902 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with high death rates. Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside extracted from Eucommia ulmoides with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in human diseases. This study aimed to investigate its specific function in mouse and cell models of COPD. METHODS The COPD mouse model was established by exposing mice to a long-term cigarette smoke (CS). The number of inflammatory cells and the contents of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CS-exposed mice were measured. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung tissues were estimated. Masson staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were utilized to evaluate pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in CS-treated mice. Cell apoptosis in the lung tissues was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blot was applied to quantify protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and apoptotic markers. COPD cell model was established by exposing mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE12) with cigarette smoke extract to further verify the properties of aucubin in vitro. RESULTS Aucubin reduced the number of inflammatory cells and decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in BALF of CS-treated mice. The oxidative stress, lung emphysema, fibrosis, and lung cell apoptosis induced by CS exposure were ameliorated by aucubin administration. Aucubin activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor, antagonized the protective effects of aucubin on inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cell apoptosis in COPD. CONCLUSION Aucubin alleviates inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pulmonary fibrosis in COPD mice and CSE-treated MLE12 cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of International Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Wang X, Aga EB, Tse WM, Tse KWG, Ye B. Protective Effect of the Total Alkaloid Extract from Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in a Mouse Model of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1273-1289. [PMID: 38881716 PMCID: PMC11178083 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s459166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasing year by year, but therapeutic drugs has no breakthrough. The total alkaloid extract from Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae (BFP-TA) is widely used in treating lung diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BFP-TA in COPD mice. Methods BFP-TA was prepared by macroporous adsorbent resin, and the material basis of BFP-TA was analyzed by HPLC-ELSD and UHPLC-MS/MS. Then, the COPD mouse model was induced by cigarette smoke (CS) for 12 weeks, administered at weeks 9-12. Subsequently, the body weight, lung-body ratio, pulmonary function, histopathology, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress markers in the serum of mice were determined. The expressions of related protein of EMT and MAPK signaling pathways in the lung tissues of mice were detected by Western blot. Results The alkaloid relative content of BFP-TA is 64.28%, and nine alkaloids in BFP-TA were identified and quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Subsequently, the animal experiment showed that BFP-TA could improve pulmonary function, and alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration, pulmonary emphysema, and collagen fiber deposition in the lung of COPD mice. Furthermore, BFP-TA could decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), MMPs (MMP-9 and MMP-12) and MDA, while increase the levels of TIMP-1 and SOD. Moreover, BFP-TA could decrease the protein expressions of collagen I, vimentin, α-SMA, MMP-9, MMP-9/TIMP-1, Bax, p-JNK/JNK, p-P38/P38, and p-ERK/ERK, while increase the level of E-cadherin. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of BFP-TA in CS-induced COPD mouse model. Furthermore, BFP-TA may improve airway remodeling by inhibiting the EMT process and potentially exert anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Bu Aga
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet, 850002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Ming Tse
- Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Kathy Wai Gaun Tse
- Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory (H.K.) Limited, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet, 850002, People's Republic of China
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Liu M, Meng J, Chen X, Wang F, Han Z. Long non-coding RNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 4 ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and airway remodeling in alveolar epithelial cells through the modulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway via the microRNA-409-3p/Four and a Half LIM Domains 1 axis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:309. [PMID: 38831471 PMCID: PMC11149209 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 4 (SNHG4) has been demonstrated to be significantly downregulated in various inflammatory conditions, yet its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the biological function of SNHG4 in COPD and to unveil its potential molecular targets. Our findings reveal that both SNHG4 and Four and a Half LIM Domains 1 (FHL1) were markedly downregulated in COPD, whereas microRNA-409-3p (miR-409-3p) was upregulated. Importantly, SNHG4 exhibited a negative correlation with inflammatory markers in patients with COPD, but a positive correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1s percentage (FEV1%). SNHG4 distinguished COPD patients from non-smokers with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Overexpression of SNHG4 ameliorated cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling in 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells. These beneficial effects of SNHG4 overexpression were reversed by the overexpression of miR-409-3p or the silencing of FHL1. Mechanistically, SNHG4 competitively bound to miR-409-3p, mediating the expression of FHL1, and consequently improving inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling in 16HBE cells. Additionally, SNHG4 regulated the miR-409-3p/FHL1 axis to inhibit the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induced by CSE. In a murine model of COPD, knockdown of SNHG4 exacerbated CSE-induced pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In summary, our data affirm that SNHG4 mitigates pulmonary inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage mediated by COPD through the regulation of the miR-409-3p/FHL1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - JiGuang Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - XuXin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - ZhiHai Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Zhang J, Ma B. Alpinetin alleviates LPS-induced lung epithelial cell injury by inhibiting p38 and ERK1/2 signaling via aquaporin-1. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102305. [PMID: 38217934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Alpinetin has been reported to play a protective role in lung diseases, while its special mechanisms remain indistinct. In this study, acute lung injury (ALI) model was constructed by inducing MLE-12 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell activity together with apoptosis was judged employing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry along with western blot. Oxidative stress levels were measured by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and corresponding kits. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was to examine the levels of inflammatory factors. The protein expressions of aquaporin-1 (AQP1), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway were estimated utilizing western blot. The data showed that alpinetin increased the viability, reduced the apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation and inactivated p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in LPS-induced MLE-12 cells. Moreover, alpinetin also increased AQP1 expression and AQP1 knockdown reversed the impacts of alpinetin on LPS-induced MLE-12 cells. Additionally, AQP1 agonist AqF026 also exerted anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-treated MLE-12 cells. Evidently, alpinetin may exert its protective role in LPS-induced ALI by inactivation of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling through regulating AQP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Cath Lab, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201599, China.
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li D, Fu J. Cellular senescence in chronic lung diseases from newborns to the elderly: An update literature review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116463. [PMID: 38503240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of cellular senescence in age-related diseases has been fully recognized. In various age-related-chronic lung diseases, the function of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is impaired and alveolar regeneration disorders, especially in bronchopulmonary dysplasia,pulmonary fibrosis (PF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, etc. Except for age-related-chronic lung diseases, an increasing number of studies are exploring the role of cellular senescence in developmental chronic lung diseases, which typically originate in childhood and even in the neonatal period. This review provides an overview of cellular senescence and lung diseases from newborns to the elderly, attempting to draw attention to the relationship between cellular senescence and developmental lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Kang L, Wang X, Wang J, Guo J, Zhang W, Lei R. SENP1 knockdown-mediated CTCF SUMOylation enhanced its stability and alleviated lipopolysaccharide-evoked inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblasts via regulation of FOXA2 transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130500. [PMID: 37914145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive inflammation is the main cause of treatment failure in neonatal pneumonia (NP). CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) represents an important node in various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we tried to clarify the function and underlying molecular mechanism of CTCF on an in vitro cellular model of NP, which was generated by simulating the human lung fibroblast cell line WI-38 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS The SUMOylation level and protein interaction were verified by Co-immunoprecipitation assay. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Inflammatory factors were examined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. The binding activity of CTCF to target promoter was tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS LPS treatment restrained cell viability, promoted the production of inflammatory factors, and enhanced cell apoptosis. CTCF overexpression played anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles. Furthermore, CTCF was modified by SUMOylation with small ubiquitin-like modifier protein 1 (SUMO1). Interfering with sumo-specific protease 1 (SENP1) facilitated CTCF SUMOylation and protein stability, thus suppressing LPS-evoked inflammatory and apoptotic injuries. Moreover, CTCF could bind to the forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) promoter region to promote FOXA2 expression. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles of CTCF are associated with FOXA2 activation. In addition, SENP1 knockdown increased FOXA2 expression by enhancing the abundance and binding ability of CTCF. CONCLUSIONS SUMOylation of CTCF by SENP1 knockdown enhanced its protein stability and binding ability and it further alleviated LPS-evoked inflammatory injury in human lung fibroblasts by positively regulating FOXA2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Henan Children's Hospital, 450000 Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruirui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, 463100 Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
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Ahmadi A, Ahrari S, Salimian J, Salehi Z, Karimi M, Emamvirdizadeh A, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. p38 MAPK signaling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and inhibitor therapeutics. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:314. [PMID: 37919729 PMCID: PMC10623820 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar remodeling. Although the abnormalities are primarily prompted by chronic exposure to inhaled irritants, maladjusted and self-reinforcing immune responses are significant contributors to the development and progression of the disease. The p38 isoforms are regarded as pivotal hub proteins that regulate immune and inflammatory responses in both healthy and disease states. As a result, their inhibition has been the subject of numerous recent studies exploring their therapeutic potential in COPD. MAIN BODY We performed a systematic search based on the PRISMA guidelines to find relevant studies about P38 signaling in COPD patients. We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases and used "P38" AND "COPD" Mesh Terms. We applied the following inclusion criteria: (1) human, animal, ex vivo and in vitro studies; (2) original research articles; (3) published in English; and (4) focused on P38 signaling in COPD pathogenesis, progression, or treatment. We screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved studies and assessed the full texts of the eligible studies for quality and relevance. We extracted the following data from each study: authors, year, country, sample size, study design, cell type, intervention, outcome, and main findings. We classified the studies according to the role of different cells and treatments in P38 signaling in COPD. CONCLUSION While targeting p38 MAPK has demonstrated some therapeutic potential in COPD, its efficacy is limited. Nevertheless, combining p38 MAPK inhibitors with other anti-inflammatory steroids appears to be a promising treatment choice. Clinical trials testing various p38 MAPK inhibitors have produced mixed results, with some showing improvement in lung function and reduction in exacerbations in COPD patients. Despite these mixed results, research on p38 MAPK inhibitors is still a major area of study to develop new and more effective therapies for COPD. As our understanding of COPD evolves, we may gain a better understanding of how to utilize p38 MAPK inhibitors to treat this disease. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahrari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xue Z, Li Y, Xiao S, Zhang H, Xu J. FOXA2 attenuates lipopolysaccharide‑induced pneumonia by inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis through blocking of p38/STAT3 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:469. [PMID: 37664675 PMCID: PMC10469380 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a severe inflammatory disease of the lung. Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) has been demonstrated to serve an important regulatory role in various pulmonary diseases; however, the role of FOXA2 in pneumonia remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the functional effects and regulatory mechanism of FOXA2 in pneumonia. An in vitro pneumonia model was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in WI-38 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXA2 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using ELISA kits and oxidative stress markers were assessed using a malondialdehyde assay kit, superoxide dismutase assay kit and CATalase assay kit. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry and the caspase3 activity was determined. Western blotting was performed to examine the protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated factors. For a rescue assay, a p38 MAPK activator, U46619, was used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of FOXA2 involving p38/STAT3 signaling. FOXA2 was downregulated in LPS-induced WI-38 cells. FOXA2 overexpression alleviated LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ERS in WI-38 cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of FOXA2 on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as well as ERS in LPS-induced WI-38 cells were partly weakened by additional treatment with U46619. In conclusion, FOXA2 served a protective role against LPS-induced pneumonia by regulating p38/STAT3 signaling, providing a novel idea for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Yinglin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Shiji Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
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Xie W, Xue Y, Song X, Zhang H, Chang G, Shen X. Forkhead box protein A2 alleviates toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in bovine hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2089-2112. [PMID: 36586798 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important stimulus of inflammation via binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but the role of TLR4 in LPS-induced cellular homeostasis disruption indicated by the increased level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis is unknown in the liver of dairy cows. Previous studies show that forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) is an important transcriptional factor to maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis, but the mechanisms by which FOXA2 mediates cellular homeostasis disruption in response to LPS remains unclear. To achieve the aims, hepatocytes separated from dairy cows at ∼160 d in milk were pretreated with a specific TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 for 12 h, followed by LPS treatment for another 12 h to investigate the role of TLR4 in LPS-induced disruption of cellular homeostasis. The results indicated that LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory cascades, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis via activating TLR4 and downregulating FOXA2 expression in bovine hepatocytes. The application of TLR4 inhibitor alleviated LPS-induced inflammation through inactivating NF-κB proinflammatory pathway, restored cell homeostasis by decreasing the level of ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, and upregulated FOXA2 expression. Furthermore, we also elevated FOXA2 expression with an overexpression plasmid to clarify its molecular role in response to LPS challenge. FOXA2 overexpression reduced LPS-caused inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Also, FOXA2 could alleviate ER stress to block unfolded protein response and suppress autophagic flux. In addition, FOXA2 enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential via reducing pro-apoptotic protein BAX, CASPASE3, and Cleaved CASPASE3 expression and elevating anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 expression to mitigate LPS-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggested that FOXA2 is a mediator to alleviate TLR4-controlled inflammation, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in LPS-treated bovine hepatocytes, it could serve as a potential target to intervene cell homeostasis disruption caused by LPS in the liver of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Yang Xue
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Xiaokun Song
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Hongzhu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095.
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Yi S, Zou L, Li Z, Sakao K, Wang Y, Hou DX. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Areca Nut Polyphenol Extracts on RAW264.7 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223607. [PMID: 36429198 PMCID: PMC9689504 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chewing areca nuts is a popular hobby in the Asian region, and areca nuts are rich in polyphenols, although some alkaloids are included. In this study, we explored the antioxidant activity of areca nut polyphenols (ANP) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results revealed that ANP reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). RNA-seq analysis showed that ANP down-regulated the transcription of genes related to the cancer pathway at 160 μg/mL, and the inflammatory pathway as well as viral infection pathway at 320 μg/mL. The cellular signaling analysis further revealed that the expressions of these genes were regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and ANP downregulated the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway stimulated by LPS. Collectively, our findings showed that ANP inhibited the MAPK pathway and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathways to reduce ROS generation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Luyan Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China
- National Engineering Center of Plant Functional Components Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha 410128, China
- National Engineering Center of Plant Functional Components Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (D.-X.H.); Tel.: +86-73184617007 (Y.W.); +81-099-285-8649 (D.-X.H.)
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (D.-X.H.); Tel.: +86-73184617007 (Y.W.); +81-099-285-8649 (D.-X.H.)
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Fang L, Zhang M, Li J, Zhou L, Tamm M, Roth M. Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Mitochondria Damage and Mitophagy in COPD via ERK1/2 MAPK. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213987. [PMID: 36430467 PMCID: PMC9694999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible deterioration of the airway wall. Cigarette smoking is the major trigger, and in vitro studies showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced mitophagy in airway epithelial cells via oxidative stress, but this mechanism was not studied in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Primary ASMCs isolated from COPD patients or non-disease donors were investigated for CSE-induced remodeling and mitochondria structure. Proteins were assessed by Western blots for remodeling: collagen type-I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin; autophagy: beclin-1, protein62 (p62), light chain (LC)3A/B; mitochondria activity: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II & -IV (MTCO2, MTCO4), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α); lysosomes: early endosome antigen 1, lysosome activated membrane protein 1; and cell signaling: extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Lysotracker and Mitotracker were used to monitor mitochondria morphology and organelle co-localization. Compared with controls, untreated COPD ASMCs showed lower collagen type-I and α-SMA expressions, but increased fibronectin levels. CSE further downregulated collagen type-I and α-SMA expression, but upregulated fibronectin. CSE decreased PGC-1α, MTCO2, and MTCO4, but increased beclin-1, p62, and LC3. CSE upregulated mitophagy and lysosomes activity via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In vitro, cigarette smoke induced the deterioration of ASMCs, which might explain the tissue loss and structural remodeling in COPD bronchi. The results suggest that preventing exceeded mitophagy in ASMCs might present a novel therapeutic target for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ming Zhang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Junling Li
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Xie W, Xue Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Meng M, Chang G, Shen X. A high-concentrate diet provokes inflammatory responses by downregulating Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) through epigenetic modifications in the liver of dairy cows. Gene X 2022; 837:146703. [PMID: 35772653 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-concentrate diet has been reported to promote an inflammatory response in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the high-concentrate (HC) diet on hepatic Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) expression and uncover the molecular mechanisms in inflammatory responses in the liver. The results showed that the HC diet reduced the ruminal fluid pH and elevated the secretion of SAA3, IL-1α, and IL-8 and reduced that of IL-10 in peripheral blood plasma. Compared with the low-concentrate (LC) group, the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was higher in the liver of dairy cows in the HC group. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of acute phase proteins (HP, SAA3, and LBP), proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8), TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, TRIF, IκBα, p65, p38 and JNK1 was upregulated and that of IL-10 was downregulated in the liver of the HC group. Consistently, the protein abundance of TLR4, TNFα and phosphorylation of proteins involved in NF-κB (IκBα and p65) and MAPK (p38 and JNK) pathways were significantly increased in the HC group compared with the LC group. And both the mRNA and protein abundance of FOXA2 were downregulated in the HC group. Further epigenetic analysis results demonstrated that chromatin compaction and DNA hypermethylation contributed to inhibiting FOXA2 expression, in which the demethylase ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) might participate. Overall, these findings demonstrated that the high-concentrate diet triggered inflammatory cascades and downregulated FOXA2 by epigenetic modifications in the liver of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Xue
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongzhu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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13
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A Review of Toxicity Mechanism Studies of Electronic Cigarettes on Respiratory System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095030. [PMID: 35563421 PMCID: PMC9102406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have attracted much attention as a new substitute for conventional cigarettes. E-cigarettes are first exposed to the respiratory system after inhalation, and studies on the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes have been reported. Current research shows that e-cigarette exposure may have potentially harmful effects on cells, animals, and humans, while the safety evaluation of the long-term effects of e-cigarette use is still unknown. Similar but not identical to conventional cigarettes, the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes are mainly manifested in oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage. This review will summarize the toxicity mechanisms and signal pathways of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes concerning the respiratory system, which could give researchers a better understanding and direction on the effects of e-cigarettes on our health.
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Zhou L, Wu B, Yang J, Wang B, Pan J, Xu D, Du C. Knockdown of circFOXO3 ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced lung injury in mice. Respir Res 2021; 22:294. [PMID: 34789242 PMCID: PMC8597310 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a prevalent chronic airway inflammatory disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with inflammation regulation; therefore, we examined distinct effects of circRNA FOXO3 (circFOXO3) against pneumonic inflammatory processes in COPD. Methods We first quantified and localized circFOXO3 in mouse lung epithelial cell line MLE12 by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and in situ hybridization. Next, circFOXO3 was suppressed by therapeutic administration of circFOXO3 knockdown lentivirus in mice exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) for 12 weeks, and several hallmarks of COPD were evaluated. Results We noticed that circFOXO3 is upregulated in CS-exposed lungs and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated murine alveolar epithelial cells. Knockdown of circFOXO3 attenuated the release of CXCL1 and IL-6 as well as inflammatory processes in the lungs of CS-exposed mice. In addition, we identified miR-214-3p as a circFOXO3-targeted microRNA. MiR-214-3p overexpression exerted protective effects against pneumonic inflammation after CS exposure. Silencing of circFOXO3 downregulated IKK-β mRNA (miR-214-3p’s target), resulting in the dysfunction of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuation of CSE-induced inflammatory-cytokine expression. Conclusions Collectively, these findings reveal a crucial function of circFOXO3 in the pathological remodeling related to CS-induced inflammatory processes. Hence, circFOXO3 might be a good target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders similar to CS-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Chunling Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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Feng H, Li M, Altawil A, Yin Y, Zheng R, Kang J. Cigarette smoke extracts induce apoptosis in Raw264.7 cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and the intracellular Ca 2+/P38/STAT1 pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 77:105249. [PMID: 34560245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CS exposure impairs the ability of killing pathogens in macrophages, which might be due to the abnormal apoptosis induced by CS. This study explored the effects and mechanisms of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the apoptosis of macrophages in vitro. Raw264.7 cells were treated with CSE at different concentrations, and viability and apoptosis of cells was accessed. The protein expression was detected by western blot. The intracellular Ca2+ level was evaluated by Fluo-4 AM probe assay. CSE induced the apoptosis and increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3, which were attenuated by a caspase inhibitor. CSE increased the expression of CHOP, BiP and P-eif2α, and the inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) decreased the apoptosis induced by CSE. Phosphorylation levels of P38, JNK and ERK1/2 were increased following incubation with CSE. Only P38 inhibitor significantly reduced apoptosis induced by CSE, while ERK1/2 inhibitor promoted apoptosis. Phosphorylation of STAT1 at Ser727 was activated by CSE and attenuated by the P38 inhibitor. Finally, CSE increased the level of intracellular Ca2+, and calcium chelator partly attenuated the apoptosis and phosphorylation of P38 and STAT1 induced by CSE. CSE induced a caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in Raw264.7 cells via ERS and intracellular Ca2+/P38/STAT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Menglu Li
- General Ward of Internal Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Abdullah Altawil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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