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Lianos EA, Phung GN, Foster M, Zhou J, Sharma M. Metalloporphyrins Reduce Proteinuria in Podocyte Immune Injury: The Role of Metal and Porphyrin Moieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12777. [PMID: 37628958 PMCID: PMC10454924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on their central metal atom, metalloporphyrins (MPs) can attenuate or exacerbate the severity of immune-mediated kidney injury, and this has been attributed to the induction or inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO) activity, particularly the inducible isoform (HO-1) of this enzyme. The role of central metal or porphyrin moieties in determining the efficacy of MPs to attenuate injury, as well as mechanisms underlying this effect, have not been assessed. Using an antibody-mediated complement-dependent model of injury directed against rat visceral glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) and two MPs (FePPIX, CoPPIX) that induce both HO-1 expression and HO enzymatic activity in vivo but differ in their chelated metal, we assessed their efficacy in reducing albuminuria. Podocyte injury was induced using rabbit immune serum raised against the rat podocyte antigen, Fx1A, and containing an anti-Fx1A antibody that activates complement at sites of binding. FePPIX or CoPPIX were injected intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg) 24 h before administration of the anti-Fx1A serum and on days 1, 3, 6, and 10 thereafter. Upon completion of urine collection on day 14, the kidney cortex was obtained for histopathology and isolation of glomeruli, from which total protein extracts were obtained. Target proteins were analyzed by capillary-based separation and immunodetection (Western blot analysis). Both MPs had comparable efficacy in reducing albuminuria in males, but the efficacy of CoPPIX was superior in female rats. The metal-free protoporphyrin, PPIX, had minimal or no effect on urine albumin excretion. CoPPIX was also the most potent MP in inducing glomerular HO-1, reducing complement deposition, and preserving the expression of the complement regulatory protein (CRP) CD55 but not that of CD59, the expression of which was reduced by both MPs. These observations demonstrate that the metal moiety of HO-1-inducing MPs plays an important role in reducing proteinuria via mechanisms involving reduced complement deposition and independently of an effect on CRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Lianos
- Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, VA 24153, USA; (G.N.P.); (M.F.)
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Gia Nghi Phung
- Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, VA 24153, USA; (G.N.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Michelle Foster
- Salem Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salem, VA 24153, USA; (G.N.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (J.Z.); (M.S.)
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Lianos EA, Detsika MG. Metalloporphyrins as Tools for Deciphering the Role of Heme Oxygenase in Renal Immune Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6815. [PMID: 37047787 PMCID: PMC10095062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal immune injury is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, and, despite the progress made in understanding underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, current treatments to preserve renal function continue to be based mainly on systemic immunosuppression. Small molecules, naturally occurring biologic agents, show considerable promise in acting as disease modifiers and may provide novel therapeutic leads. Certain naturally occurring or synthetic Metalloporphyrins (Mps) can act as disease modifiers by increasing heme oxygenase (HO) enzymatic activity and/or synthesis of the inducible HO isoform (HO-1). Depending on the metal moiety of the Mp employed, these effects may occur in tandem or can be discordant (increased HO-1 synthesis but inhibition of enzyme activity). This review discusses effects of Mps, with varying redox-active transitional metals and cyclic porphyrin cores, on mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and outcomes of renal immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Lianos
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Tech, Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, VA 24153, USA
| | - Maria G. Detsika
- GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10675 Athens, Greece
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Bai F, Fan C, Lin X, Wang HY, Wu B, Feng CL, Zhou R, Wu YW, Tang W. Hemin protects UVB-induced skin damage through inhibiting keratinocytes apoptosis and reducing neutrophil infiltration. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112604. [PMID: 36525776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure on the skin triggers apoptosis, oxidative stress and acute inflammatory responses, which eventually increases the risk of various skin disorders. Hemin, an iron-binding porphyrin, has been clinically used for porphyria treatment. However, whether hemin contributes to the skin protection against UVB injury remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that hemin treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal administration could dramatically relieve UVB irradiation-induced skin damage featured by erythema, edema, epidermal hyperplasia and collagen loss in C57BL/6 J mice. Importantly, hemin treatment attenuated UVB irradiation-triggered cell apoptosis in skin epidermis. Consistently, hemin (10, 20 μM) treatment decreased Caspase-3 activation and protected against UVB-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Besides, hemin treatment reduced the infiltration of neutrophils in skin under UVB irradiation, thus restrained neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release. We further revealed that hemin inhibited the expression of inflammation associated cytokines and chemokines in UVB-induced HaCaT cells and blocked the chemotaxis of dHL-60 cells to preconditioned media from HaCaT culture upon UVB irradiation. Furthermore, hemin inhibited the excessive maturation and mobilization of bone marrow neutrophils and rectified the proportion of abnormally elevated neutrophils in the blood under UVB irradiation. In conclusion, our study showed that hemin treatment protects against UVB-induced skin damage through inhibiting keratinocytes apoptosis, and suppressing neutrophils infiltration in the skin via externally restraining the keratinocyte attraction and internally regulating bone marrow neutrophil maturation and mobilization, suggesting that hemin is an effective drug candidate for the therapy of UVB damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Lan Feng
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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