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Zhang R, Chen S, Luo T, Guo S, Qu J. Activated Tim-3/Galectin-9 participated in the development of multiple myeloma by negatively regulating CD4 T cells. Hematology 2024; 29:2288481. [PMID: 38108336 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2288481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between Tim-3 on T cells and its ligand Galectin-9 negatively regulates the cellular immune response. However, the regulation of Tim-3/Galectin-9 on CD4 T cell subsets in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the regulation of CD4 T cell subsets by the Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway and clinical prognostic indicators in MM. Tim-3/Galectin-9 were detected by flow cytometry, PCR and ELISA in 60 MM patients and 40 healthy controls, and its correlation with clinical prognostic parameters was analyzed. The expressions of Tim-3 on CD4 T cells, Galectin-9 mRNA in PBMC and level of Galectin-9 protein in serum were significantly elevated in MM patients, especially those with poor prognostic indicators. In MM patients, Tim-3 was highly expressed on the surfaces of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, but lowly expressed on Treg. Moreover, level of cytokine IFN-γ in serum was negatively correlated with Tim-3+Th1 cell and Galectin-9mRNA, Galectin-9 protein level. In addition, cell culture experiments showed that the anti-tumor effect and the ability to secrete IFN-γ were restored by blocking the Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway. In MM patients, Tim-3/Galectin-9 is elevated and associated with disease progression, by inhibiting the cytotoxic function of Th1, and also promoting Th2 and Th17 to be involved in immune escape of MM. Therefore, Tim-3/Galectin-9 may serve as a new immunotherapeutic target for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Guo
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ke J, Huang S, He Z, Lei S, Lin S, Duan M. Integrated bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation for exploring the key immune checkpoint of COPD. Gene 2024; 927:148711. [PMID: 38906393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence indicating immune inflammation is a key factor in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Immune checkpoints (ICs) are crucial targets for modulating the functional activation and differentiation of immune cells, particularly in relation to immune inflammation and the regulation of T cell activation and exhaustion. However, the precise mechanisms of ICs in COPD remain understood. METHODS COPD datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed using GEO2R and Limma to identify differentially expressed genes. LASSO regression was then applied to screen ICs closely associated with COPD. Finally, target genes were selected based on gene expression profiles. Gene ontology (GO), immune infiltration analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were utilized to assess the relationship between IC genes (ICGs) and immune cells. Subsequently, tobacco-exposed mice, anti-Tim3-treated mice, and HAVCR2-knockout mice were generated, with flow cytometry being used to confirm the results. RESULTS Through the analysis of GSE38974 and LASSO regression, five ICGs were identified. Subsequent validation using GSE20257 and GSE76925 confirmed these findings. Gene expression profiling highlighted HAVCR2 as having the strongest correlation with COPD. Further investigation through immune infiltration analysis, GO, and GSEA indicated a link between HAVCR2 and CD8+ T cells in COPD. Flow cytometry experiments demonstrated high Tim3 expression in CD8+ T cells of mice exposed to tobacco, promoting Tc1 and inhibiting Tc17, thus affecting CD8+ Tem activation and CD8+ Tcm formation, leading to an immune imbalance within CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Prolonged exposure to tobacco upregulates Tim3 in CD8+ T cells, triggering its regulatory effects on Tc1/Tc17. Knocking out HAVCR2 further upregulated the expression of CD8+ Tem while suppressing the expression of CD8+ Tcm, indicating that Tim3 plays a role in the activation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells in the context of tobacco exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ke
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Siyu Lei
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiya Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Minchao Duan
- Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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3
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Qiu GH, Yu B, Ma M. G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling of immunomodulation in tumor progression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23829. [PMID: 39017658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential contributors to tumor growth and metastasis due to their roles in immune cell regulation. Therefore, GPCRs are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the roles of GPCRs and their signaling pathways in tumor progression from an immunocellular perspective. Additionally, we focus on the roles of GPCRs in regulating immune checkpoint proteins involved in immune evasion. Finally, we review the progress of clinical trials of GPCR-targeted drugs for cancer treatment, which may be combined with immunotherapy to improve treatment efficacy. This expanded understanding of the role of GPCRs may shed light on the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and provide a novel perspective on cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Mei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
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4
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Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Szulczyk D, Basak G. Advancements in Personalized CAR-T Therapy: Comprehensive Overview of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7743. [PMID: 39062986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel anticancer therapy using autologous or allogeneic T-cells. To date, six CAR-T therapies for specific B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Significant barriers to the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity in the case of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-SCT) graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), antigen escape, modest antitumor activity, restricted trafficking, limited persistence, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and senescence and exhaustion of CAR-Ts. Furthermore, cancer drug resistance remains a major problem in clinical practice. CAR-T therapy, in combination with checkpoint blockades and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) or other drugs, appears to be an appealing anticancer strategy. Many of these agents have shown impressive results, combining efficacy with tolerability. Biomarkers like extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor (ctDNA) and miRNAs may play an important role in toxicity, relapse assessment, and efficacy prediction, and can be implicated in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy and in establishing safe and efficacious personalized medicine. However, further research is required to fully comprehend the particular side effects of immunomodulation, to ascertain the best order and combination of this medication with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and to find reliable predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Szulczyk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Afshari AR, Sanati M, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216955. [PMID: 38750720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Li Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li R, Zhao Y, Dong X, Yao X, Li Y. Common endocrine system adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2024; 2:164-172. [PMID: 39027145 PMCID: PMC11252504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a novel anti-tumor therapeutic modality, are monoclonal antibodies targeting certain immune checkpoints (ICs) that reactivate T cells to achieve anti-tumor immunity by targeting, binding, and blocking ICs. Targeted inhibitory antibodies against the ICs cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen and programmed death receptor-1 have demonstrated efficacy and durable anti-tumor activity in patients with cancer. ICs may prevent autoimmune reactions. However, ICIs may disrupt ICs properties and trigger autoimmune-related adverse reactions involving various organ systems including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, musculoskeletal, dermal, and endocrine systems. Approximately 10% of patients with damage to target organs such as the thyroid, pituitary, pancreas, and adrenal glands develop endocrine system immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as thyroid dysfunction, pituitary gland inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and primary adrenal insufficiency. However, the symptoms of immunotherapy-associated endocrine system irAEs may be nonspecific and similar to those of other treatment-related adverse reactions, and failure to recognize them early may lead to death. Timely detection and treatment of immunotherapy-associated endocrine irAEs is essential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, prognosis, and the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to review the mechanisms by which ICIs cause endocrine irAEs providing guidance for the development of appropriate management protocols. Here, we discuss (1) the biological mechanisms of ICs in tumorigenesis and progression, focusing on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen and programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1; and (2) the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of four immunotherapy-related endocrine complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Ruyue Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiujing Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Yintao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
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7
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Wang Y, Zeng Y, Yang W, Wang X, Jiang J. Targeting CD8 + T cells with natural products for tumor therapy: Revealing insights into the mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155608. [PMID: 38642413 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in cancer immunotherapy over the past decades, such as T cell-engaging chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), therapeutic failure resulting from various factors remains prevalent. Therefore, developing combinational immunotherapeutic strategies is of great significance for improving the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy. Natural products are substances that naturally exist in various living organisms with multiple pharmacological or biological activities, and some of them have been found to have anti-tumor potential. Notably, emerging evidences have suggested that several natural compounds may boost the anti-tumor effects through activating immune response of hosts, in which CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role. METHODS The data of this review come from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) with the keywords "CD8+ T cell", "anti-tumor", "immunity", "signal 1", "signal 2", "signal 3", "natural products", "T cell receptor (TCR)", "co-stimulation", "co-inhibition", "immune checkpoint", "inflammatory cytokine", "hesperidin", "ginsenoside", "quercetin", "curcumin", "apigenin", "dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPS)", "luteolin", "shikonin", "licochalcone A", "erianin", "resveratrol", "procyanidin", "berberine", "usnic acid", "naringenin", "6-gingerol", "ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GL-PS)", "neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP)", "paclitaxel", "source", "pharmacological activities", and "toxicity". These literatures were published between 1993 and 2023. RESULTS Natural products have considerable advantages as anti-tumor drugs based on the various species, wide distribution, low price, and few side effects. This review summarized the effects and mechanisms of some natural products that exhibit anti-tumor effects via targeting CD8+ T cells, mainly focused on the three signals that activate CD8+ T cells: TCR, co-stimulation, and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Clarifying the role and underlying mechanism of natural products in cancer immunotherapy may provide more options for combinational treatment strategies and benefit cancer therapy, to shed light on identifying potential natural compounds for improving the clinical outcome in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuxuan Wang
- Research and Development Department, Beijing DCTY Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yuan L, Wang Y, Shen X, Ma F, Wang J, Yan F. Soluble form of immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103278. [PMID: 38943864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are essential regulators of immune responses, either by activating or suppressing them. Consequently, they are regarded as pivotal elements in the management of infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. In recent years, researchers have identified numerous soluble immune checkpoints that are produced through various mechanisms and demonstrated biological activity. These soluble immune checkpoints can be produced and distributed in the bloodstream and various tissues, with their roles in immune response dysregulation and autoimmunity extensively documented. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the generation of various soluble immune checkpoints, such as sPD-1, sCTLA-4, sTim-3, s4-1BB, sBTLA, sLAG-3, sCD200, and the B7 family, and their importance as indicators for the diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune conditions. Furthermore, the review will investigate the potential pathological mechanisms of soluble immune checkpoints in autoimmune diseases, emphasizing their association with autoimmune diseases development, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Geriatric Medical Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuxia Shen
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- Department of Training, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Wei Y, Zhang Z, Xue T, Lin Z, Chen X, Tian Y, Li Y, Jing Z, Fang W, Fang T, Li B, Chen Q, Lan T, Meng F, Zhang X, Liang X. In Situ Synthesis of an Immune-Checkpoint Blocker from Engineered Bacteria Elicits a Potent Antitumor Response. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1679-1693. [PMID: 38819389 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates T cells from exhaustion and potentiates T-cell responses to tumors. However, most patients do not respond to ICB therapy, and only a limited response can be achieved in a "cold" tumor with few infiltrated lymphocytes. Synthetic biology can be used to engineer bacteria as controllable bioreactors to synthesize biotherapeutics in situ. We engineered attenuated Salmonella VNP20009 with synthetic gene circuits to produce PD-1 and Tim-3 scFv to block immunosuppressive receptors on exhausted T cells to reinvigorate their antitumor response. Secreted PD-1 and Tim-3 scFv bound PD-1+ Tim-3+ T cells through their targeting receptors in vitro and potentiated the T-cell secretion of IFN-γ. Engineered bacteria colonized the hypoxic core of the tumor and synthesized PD-1 and Tim-3 scFv in situ, reviving CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells to execute an antitumor response. The bacteria also triggered a strong innate immune response, which stimulated the expansion of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells within the tumors to induce direct and indirect antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhirang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Tianyuan Xue
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhongda Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China
| | - Yishi Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhangyan Jing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Tianliang Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Baoqi Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tianyu Lan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Physiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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10
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Yang M, Cui M, Sun Y, Liu S, Jiang W. Mechanisms, combination therapy, and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy resistance. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:338. [PMID: 38898505 PMCID: PMC11186190 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies have shown that insufficient T-cell infiltration, lack of PD-1 expression, deficient interferon signaling, loss of tumor antigen presentation, and abnormal lipid metabolism are all considered to be closely associated with immunotherapy resistance. To address drug resistance in tumor immunotherapy, a lot of research has concentrated on developing combination therapy strategies. Currently, ICIs such as anti-PD-1 /PD-L1 antibody combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been approved for clinical treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in terms of the tumor microenvironment, gut microbiota, epigenetic regulation, and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. We also discuss various promising combination therapeutic strategies to address resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, including combining these therapies with traditional Chinese medicine, non-coding RNAs, targeted therapy, other ICIs, and personalized cancer vaccines. Moreover, we focus on biomarkers that predict resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as well as combination therapy efficacy. Finally, we suggest ways to further expand the application of immunotherapy through personalized combination strategies using biomarker systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Shui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Guo J, Ai X, Jia B, Zhong X, Liu L, Hu Q, Xie J, Hong X, Chen Y, Liu D. Galectin-9 as an indicator of functional limitations and radiographic joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419676. [PMID: 38957462 PMCID: PMC11217821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed that Galectin-9 (Gal-9) acts as an apoptosis modulator in autoimmunity and rheumatic inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of Gal-9 as a biomarker in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially as an indicator of functional limitations and radiographic joint damage. Methods A total of 146 patients with RA and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Clinical data including disease activity, physical function, and radiographic joint damage were assessed. Functional limitation was defined as the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index >1. Subjects with joint erosion >0 or joint space narrowing >0 were considered to have radiographic joint damage. Serum Gal-9 levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between Gal-9 and high disease activity and functional limitations, and a prediction model was established to construct predictive nomograms. Results Serum levels of Gal-9 were significantly increased in patients with RA compared to those in healthy controls (median 13.1 ng/mL vs. 7.6 ng/mL). Patients with RA who were older (>65 years), had a longer disease duration (>5 years), longer morning stiffness (>60mins), elevated serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and difficult-to-treat RA had significantly higher Gal-9 levels than those in the corresponding control subgroups (all p <0.05). Patients with RA were divided into two subgroups according to the cut-off value of Gal-9 of 11.6 ng/mL. Patients with RA with Gal-9 >11.6 ng/mL had a significantly higher core clinical disease activity index, HAQ scores, Sharp/van der Heijde modified Sharp scores, as well as a higher percentage of advanced joint damage (all p<0.05) than patients with Gal-9 ≤11.6 ng/mL. Accordingly, patients with RA presenting either functional limitations or radiographic joint damage had significantly higher serum Gal-9 levels than those without (both p <0.05). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a serum level of Gal-9 >11.6 ng/mL was an independent risk factor for high disease activity (OR=3.138, 95% CI 1.150-8.567, p=0.026) and presence of functional limitations (OR=2.455, 95% CI 1.017-5.926, p=0.046), respectively. Conclusion Gal-9 could be considered as a potential indicator in patients with RA, especially with respect to functional limitations and joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baixue Jia
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixiong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Hu H, Tang L, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Huang M, You Y, Zou P, Lei Q, Zhu X, Guo AY. Single-cell analysis of the survival mechanisms of fratricidal CAR-T targeting of T cell malignancies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102225. [PMID: 38948332 PMCID: PMC11214519 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy targeting T cell tumors still faces many challenges, one of which is its fratricide due to the target gene expressed on CAR-T cells. Despite this, these CAR-T cells can be expanded in vitro by extending the culture time and effectively eliminating malignant T cells. However, the mechanisms underlying CAR-T cell survival in cell subpopulations, the molecules involved, and their regulation are still unknown. We performed single-cell transcriptome profiling to investigate the fratricidal CAR-T products (CD26 CAR-Ts and CD44v6 CAR-Ts) targeting T cells, taking CD19 CAR-Ts targeting B cells from the same donor as a control. Compared with CD19 CAR-Ts, fratricidal CAR-T cells exhibit no unique cell subpopulation, but have more exhausted T cells, fewer cytotoxic T cells, and more T cell receptor (TCR) clonal amplification. Furthermore, we observed that fratricidal CAR-T cell survival was accompanied by target gene expression. Gene expression results suggest that fratricidal CAR-T cells may downregulate their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules to evade T cell recognition. Single-cell regulatory network analysis and suppression experiments revealed that exhaustion mediated by critical regulatory factors may contribute to fratricidal CAR-T cell survival. Together, these data provide valuable and first-time insights into the survival of fratricidal CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Department of Hematology, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Hematology, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Hematology, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Zhou H, Sun D, Song S, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Lan H, Cui J, Liu H, Liu N, Hou H. Efficacy of immunotherapy in ARID1A-mutant solid tumors: a single-center retrospective study. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:213. [PMID: 38847966 PMCID: PMC11161453 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially those targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have introduced a new treatment landscape for many types of tumors. However, they only achieve a limited therapeutic response. Hence, identifying patients who may benefit from ICIs is currently a challenge. METHODS 47 tumor patients harboring ARID1A mutations were retrospectively studied. The genomic profiling data through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and relevant clinical information were collected and analyzed. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis of the expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration levels was conducted in ARID1A-mutant gastric cancer (GC). RESULTS ARID1A mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR)-associated genes. Among the 35 ARID1A-mutant patients who received immunotherapy, 27 were evaluable., with the objective response rate (ORR) was 48.15% (13/27), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 92.59% (25/27). Moreover, survival assays revealed that ARID1A-mutant patients had longer median overall survival (mOS) after immunotherapy. In ARID1A-mutated GC patients, receiving ICIs treatment indicated longer progressive-free survival (PFS). Additionally, the incidence of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) and Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) infection was elevated. Bioinformatic analysis showed significant enrichment of immune response and T cell activation pathway within differentially expressed genes in ARID1A-mutant GC group. Finally, ARID1A mutations status was considered to be highly correlated with the level of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and high expression of immune checkpoints. CONCLUSIONS Patients with tumors harboring ARID1A mutations may achieve better clinical outcomes from immunotherapy, especially in GC. ARID1A mutations can lead to genomic instability and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which can be used as a biomarker for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Dantong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shanai Song
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yurong Niu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Lan
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jiali Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Houde Liu
- Medical College of Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 7 Jiaxing Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Suszczyk D, Skiba W, Pawłowska-Łachut A, Dymanowska-Dyjak I, Włodarczyk K, Paduch R, Wertel I. Immune Checkpoints in Endometriosis-A New Insight in the Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6266. [PMID: 38892453 PMCID: PMC11172867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is an oestrogen-dependent, chronic disease affecting women of a reproductive age. One of the important factors involved in the development of this disease is the complex disorders associated with the functioning of the immune system. Recent evidence has shown that EMS development is associated with changes in systemic and local immunity, including functional disturbances of effector and antigen-presenting cells. One of the reasons for immune imbalance can be the improper expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs). ICPs and their ligands are responsible for maintaining self-tolerance and the modulation of the initiation, duration, and magnitude of the immune response of effector cells in normal tissues to avoid tissue damage. Considering the complex nature of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory ICPs and the signalling between effector cells and APCs, we hypothesise that changes in cells' activity caused by ICPs may lead to serious immune system disturbances in patients with endometriosis. Moreover, both upregulation and downregulation in the expression of ICPs may be implicated in this process, including the reduced activity of effector cells against endometrial implants and disturbances in the antigen-presenting process. In this narrative review, we discuss, for the first time, key findings from the emerging literature, describing the associations between ICPs and their possible implication in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Suszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.); (A.P.-Ł.); (K.W.)
| | - Wiktoria Skiba
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.); (A.P.-Ł.); (K.W.)
| | - Anna Pawłowska-Łachut
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.); (A.P.-Ł.); (K.W.)
| | - Izabela Dymanowska-Dyjak
- Independent Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Włodarczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.); (A.P.-Ł.); (K.W.)
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.); (A.P.-Ł.); (K.W.)
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Yin C, Pa Y, Li G, Chen Q, Wang X, He X, Zhou H. Tumor cells inhibit the activation of ILC2s through up-regulating PD-1 expression. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:417-423. [PMID: 38678437 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2347315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Up-regulating programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells interacting with up-regulated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells greatly hinder their tumor-inhibiting effect. It is necessary to explore the deep mechanism of this negative effect, so as to find the potential methods to improve the immunotherapy efficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that the PD-1 expression in lung cancer-infiltrating type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) was highly up-regulated, which greatly restrained the activation and function of ILC2s. Furthermore, anti-PD-1 could restore the inhibition and effective cytokine secretion of ILC2s when co-cultured with tumor cells. In vivo studies proved that anti-PD-1 treatment promoted the activation of tumor-infiltrating ILC2s and inhibited the tumor growth of LLC-bearing nude mice. DISCUSSION Our studies demonstrate a new PD-1/PD-L1 axis regulating mechanism on innate immune cells, which provide a useful direction to ILC2s-based immunotherapy to cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yani Pa
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, P. R. China
| | - Xizu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xijun He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, P. R. China
| | - Huangao Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, P. R. China
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Righi I, Trabattoni D, Rosso L, Vaira V, Clerici M. Immune checkpoint molecules in solid organ transplantation: A promising way to prevent rejection. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106860. [PMID: 38677335 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) molecules modulate immune responses upon antigen presentation; the interaction between different IC molecules will result in the stimulation or, rather, the thwarting of such responses. Tumor cells express increased amounts of inhibitory IC molecules in an attempt to evade immune responses; therapeutic agents have been developed that bind inhibitory IC molecules, restoring tumor-directed immune responses and changing the prognosis of a number of cancers. Stimulation of inhibitory IC molecules could be beneficial in preventing rejection in the setting of solid organ transplantation (SOT), and in vivo as well as in vivo results obtained in animal models show this to indeed to be the case. With the exception of belatacept, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in which an IgG Fc fragment is linked to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, this has not yet translated into the generation of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent SOT rejection. We provide a review of state-of-the art knowledge on the role played by IC molecules in transplantation, confident that innovative research will lead to new avenues to manage rejection in solid organ transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Righi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardio- Thoracic - Vascular Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovan Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardio- Thoracic - Vascular Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Via Francesco Sforza 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Via Francesco Sforza 12, 20122, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Via Francesco Sforza 12, 20122, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy.
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Xiao F, Jia Z, Wang L, Liu M, Chen X, Gu Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen M, Hong M. T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 3 in Circulating Monocytes as a Novel Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:648-656. [PMID: 38062335 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The diagnostic role of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) expression levels in circulating monocytes in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains to be determined. Here, we enrolled of 265 patients and isolated circulating monocytes from the blood of all participants. We found that the Tim-3 expression levels in monocytes were lower in CAD patients than in the control group. Spearman correlation analysis verified that the Tim-3 levels in monocytes were negatively correlated with the Gensini score and the number of coronary vessels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Tim-3 levels in circulating monocytes were negatively correlated with CAD, severe CAD, and three-vessel CAD. The ROC curve showed that Tim-3 possessed high diagnostic value for CAD, severe CAD, and three-vessel CAD, with CAD prediction being the most significant of these values. In conclusion, Tim-3 in circulating monocytes is a novel biomarker for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhou Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Grigolo S, Filgueira L. Immunotherapy of Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2092. [PMID: 38893211 PMCID: PMC11171115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). In many cases, RCC patients manifest the first symptoms during the advanced stage of the disease. For this reason, immunotherapy appears to be one of the dominant treatments to achieve a resolution. In this review, we focus on the presentation of the main immune checkpoint proteins that act as negative regulators of immune responses, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT, and TIM-3, and their respective inhibitors. Interleukin-2, another potential component of the treatment of ccRCC patients, has also been covered. The synergy between several immunotherapies is one of the main aspects that unites the conclusions of research in recent years. To date, the combination of several immunotherapies enhances the efficacy of a monotherapy, which often manifests important limitations. Immunotherapy aimed at restoring the anti-cancer immune response in ccRCC, involved in the recognition and elimination of cancer cells, may also be a valid solution for many other types of immunogenic tumors that are diagnosed in the final stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Anatomy, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
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Giuliano A, Pimentel PAB, Horta RS. Checkpoint Inhibitors in Dogs: Are We There Yet? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2003. [PMID: 38893123 PMCID: PMC11171034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer treatment in people. Immune checkpoints are important regulators of the body's reaction to immunological stimuli. The most studied immune checkpoint molecules are programmed death (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). Certain tumours can evade immunosurveillance by activating these immunological checkpoint targets. These proteins are often upregulated in cancer cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumour growth. By blocking inhibitory checkpoints, ICI can help restore the immune system to effectively fight cancer. Several studies have investigated the expression of these and other immune checkpoints in human cancers and have shown their potential as therapeutic targets. In recent years, there has been growing interest in studying the expression of immune checkpoints in dogs with cancer, and a few small clinical trials with ICI have already been performed on these species. Emerging studies in veterinary oncology are centred around developing and validating canine-targeted antibodies. Among ICIs, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 treatments stand out as the most promising, mirroring the success in human medicine over the past decade. Nevertheless, the efficacy of caninized antibodies remains suboptimal, especially for canine oral melanoma. To enhance the utilisation of ICIs, the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and the thorough screening of individual tumours are crucial. Such endeavours hold promise for advancing personalised medicine within veterinary practice, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This article aims to review the current research literature about the expression of immune checkpoints in canine cancer and the current results of ICI treatment in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pedro A. B. Pimentel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo S. Horta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
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Chen P, Li Z, Li N. Establishment of a novel efferocytosis potential index predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in cancers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30337. [PMID: 38707349 PMCID: PMC11068824 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological function and prognostic value of efferocytosis in cancer remains unclear. In this study, we systematically analysed the expression profiles and genetic variations of 50 efferocytosis-related regulator genes in 33 cancer types. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we established an efferocytosis potential index (EPI) model to represent the efferocytosis level in each cancer type. The relationship between the EPI and prognosis, immune-related molecules, specific pathways, and drug sensitivity was determined. We found that efferocytosis regulator genes were abnormally expressed in cancer tissue, perhaps owing to copy number variations, gene alterations, and DNA methylation. For the most part, the EPI was higher in tumour vs. normal tissues. In most of the 33 cancer types, it positively correlated with cell death- and immune-related pathway enrichment, the tumour microenvironment, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. For specific cancers, a high EPI may be a prognostic risk factor and, in patients treated receiving immune checkpoint therapy, a predictor of poor prognosis. Our study reveals the biological functions of efferocytosis-related regulator genes in distinct cancers and highlights the potential of efferocytosis intervention in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhanzhan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
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21
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Ferencz B, Török K, Pipek O, Fillinger J, Csende K, Lantos A, Černeková R, Mitták M, Škarda J, Delongová P, Megyesfalvi E, Schelch K, Lang C, Solta A, Boettiger K, Brcic L, Lindenmann J, Rényi-Vámos F, Aigner C, Berta J, Megyesfalvi Z, Döme B. Expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:114. [PMID: 38693435 PMCID: PMC11063022 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches only had a modest impact on the therapy of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNENs). Our multicenter study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade LNENs. METHODS The expressions of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), OX40L, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry in surgically resected tumor samples of 26 atypical carcinoid (AC), 49 large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer (LCNEC), and 66 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Tumor and immune cells were separately scored. RESULTS Tumor cell TIM3 expression was the highest in ACs (p < 0.001), whereas elevated tumor cell GITR levels were characteristic for both ACs and SCLCs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). OX40L expression of tumor cells was considerably lower in ACs (vs. SCLCs; p < 0.001). Tumor cell VISTA expression was consistently low in LNENs, with no significant differences across histological subtypes. ACs were the least immunogenic tumors concerning immune cell abundance (p < 0.001). Immune cell VISTA and GITR expressions were also significantly lower in these intermediate-grade malignancies than in SCLCs or in LCNECs. Immune cell TIM3 and GITR expressions were associated with borderline prognostic significance in our multivariate model (p = 0.057 and p = 0.071, respectively). CONCLUSIONS LNEN subtypes have characteristic and widely divergent VISTA, OX40L, GITR, and TIM3 protein expressions. By shedding light on the different expression patterns of these immunotherapy targets, the current multicenter study provides support for the future implementation of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Ferencz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Török
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Pipek
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fillinger
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Csende
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Lantos
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Radoslava Černeková
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Mitták
- Surgical Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Delongová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Evelyn Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Chest and Abdominal Tumors Chemotherapy "B", Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Solta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristiina Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ferenc Rényi-Vámos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Oncology and National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Berta
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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22
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Tian J, Quek C. Understanding the Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma Patients with In-Transit Metastases and Its Impacts on Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4243. [PMID: 38673829 PMCID: PMC11050678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of global skin cancer-related death and currently ranks as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. Melanoma patients with in-transit metastases (ITM), a type of locoregional metastasis located close to the primary tumor site, exhibit a high likelihood of further disease progression and poor survival outcomes. Immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ITM patients with reduced occurrence of further metastases and prolonged survival. The major challenge of immunotherapeutic efficacy lies in the limited understanding of melanoma and ITM biology, hindering our ability to identify patients who likely respond to ICIs effectively. In this review, we provided an overview of melanoma and ITM disease. We outlined the key ICI therapies and the critical immune features associated with therapy response or resistance. Lastly, we dissected the underlying biological components, including the cellular compositions and their communication networks within the tumor compartment, to enhance our understanding of the interactions between immunotherapy and melanoma, providing insights for future investigation and the development of drug targets and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camelia Quek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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23
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Torres NI, Baudou FG, Scheidegger MA, Dalotto-Moreno T, Rabinovich GA. Do galectins serve as soluble ligands for immune checkpoint receptors? J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008984. [PMID: 38599662 PMCID: PMC11015282 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I Torres
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología, Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico G Baudou
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco A Scheidegger
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li Y, Liu W, Xu H, Zhou Y, Xie W, Guo Y, Liao Z, Jiang X, Liu J, Ren C. Aptamers combined with immune checkpoints for cancer detection and targeted therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130032. [PMID: 38342267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable strides have been made in the field of immunotherapy, which has emerged as a standard treatment for many cancers. As a kind of immunotherapy drug, monoclonal antibodies employed in immune checkpoint therapy have proven beneficial for patients with diverse cancer types. However, owing to the extensive heterogeneity of clinical responses and the complexity and variability of the immune system and tumor microenvironment (TME), accurately predicting its efficacy remains a challenge. Recent advances in aptamers provide a promising approach for monitoring alterations within the immune system and TME, thereby facilitating targeted immunotherapy, particularly focused on immune checkpoint blockade, with enhanced antitumor efficiency. Aptamers have been widely used in tumor cell detection, biosensors, drug discovery, and biomarker screening due to their high specificity and high affinity with their targets. This review aims to comprehensively examine the research status and progress of aptamers in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, with a specific emphasis on those related to immune checkpoints. Additionally, we will discuss the future research directions and potential therapeutic targets for aptamer-based immune checkpoint therapy, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for targeting immunotherapy molecules and blocking tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Hongjuan Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wen Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Youwei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ziling Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Critical care medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hosptial; project supported by Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, China.
| | - Caiping Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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25
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Ren H, Zhang Y, Huang W, Xu H, He W, Hao N, Zhang C. Tumor-targeted nanodrug FSGG/siGal-9 for transdermal photothermal immunotherapy of melanoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:188. [PMID: 38366083 PMCID: PMC10873409 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a cancer-targeted treatment approach.The occurrence of tumors may be related to microbial infections (Viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.), which probably provokes anti-tumor immunity. However, T cells in the context of cancer become exhausted and dysfunctional. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is highly expressed in normal tissues and associates with body immune tolerance, and was firstly evidenced with much higher expression on the primary solid tumors than CD80/86 (B7) and CD274 (PD-L1) here, which suggests that Gal-9 may be a key factor in inhibiting the anti-tumor immunity, and its receptor T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) was discovered on the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with high expression as well based on the single cell analysis. The immune checkpoint communications showed that the Gal-9/TIM-3 axis played the most vital role on negatively regulating the anti-tumor immunity of CTL for melanoma. Then, we used a novel transdermal photothermal nanosensitizer (FSGG) loading Gal-9 siRNA (FSGG/siGal-9) for knocking the tumor cells down Gal-9 to block the Gal-9/TIM-3 axis and prohibit CTL exhaustion synergizing PTT against melanoma, which evidenced good effects on inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing anti-tumor immunity, named "photothermal immunotherapy". This paper provides a new perspective for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Ren
- School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Drug Dispensing Department, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, and Nursing College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Weixiong He
- School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nan Hao
- School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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26
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Liu Z, Zhao Z, Xie H, Lu N, Liu J, Jiao Q. CXCR5 +TIM-3 -PD-1 + stem-like cytotoxic CD8 + T cells: elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis and associated with disease severity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295309. [PMID: 38426098 PMCID: PMC10902131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune background. Altered expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are implicated in the progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ stem-like cytotoxic T cells function as memory stem cells during chronic disease processes and retain cytotoxicity-related gene networks. Objectives To explore the expressions of CXCR5, TIM-3, and PD-1 on T cells and their correlation with clinical parameters in CRS. Methods Flow cytometry was used to assess the expressions and co-expressions of CXCR5, TIM-3, and PD-1 on T cells in the tissues of the paranasal sinus and peripheral blood of patients with CRS as well as healthy controls. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the co-localization of TIM-3, CXCR5, and PD-1 with T cells. The disease severity of our patients with CRS was evaluated using the Lund-Mackay score. A complete blood count was also performed for the patients with CRS. Results Expression levels of CXCR5 and PD-1 on T cells were significantly increased in the nasal tissues of patients with CRS. Compared with those in healthy controls, patients with CRS had high percentages of CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in nasal tissues, while no significant difference was observed in peripheral blood levels. Patients with CRS had a higher density of nasal CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ T cells than that in healthy controls. CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ CD8+ T cell levels in the nasal polyps of patients with CRS were negatively correlated with the patients' Lund-Mackay scores. The levels of CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ T cells in nasal tissues were also negatively associated with disease duration and positively associated with the chronic inflammatory state of CRS. Conclusions The level of CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ stem cell-like T cells, especially CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ CD8+ T cells, is increased in CRS. Therefore, inducing CXCR5+TIM-3-PD-1+ T cell exhaustion may be an effective immunotherapy for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Liu
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- The First Clinical Medicine School, Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanxia Xie
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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27
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Mestiri S, El-Ella DMA, Fernandes Q, Bedhiafi T, Almoghrabi S, Akbar S, Inchakalody V, Assami L, Anwar S, Uddin S, Gul ARZ, Al-Muftah M, Merhi M, Raza A, Dermime S. The dynamic role of immune checkpoint molecules in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of head and neck cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116095. [PMID: 38183744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer type, accounting for approximately 277,597 deaths worldwide. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a treatment regimen for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Studies have reported the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors as targeted therapeutic regimens that unleash the immune response against HNSCC tumors. However, the overall response rates to immunotherapy vary between 14-32% in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, with clinical response and treatment success being unpredictable. Keeping this perspective in mind, it is imperative to understand the role of T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells in modulating the immune response to immunotherapy. In lieu of this, these immune molecules could serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers to facilitate longitudinal monitoring and understanding of treatment dynamics. These immune biomarkers could pave the path for personalized monitoring and management of HNSCC. In this review, we aim to provide updated immunological insight on the mechanism of action, expression, and the clinical application of immune cells' stimulatory and inhibitory molecules as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in HNC. The review is focused mainly on CD27 and CD137 (members of the TNF-receptor superfamily), natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4 or OX40), S100 proteins, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). It also highlights the importance of T, natural killer, and antigen-presenting cells as robust biomarker tools for understanding immune checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment dynamics. Though a comprehensive review, all aspects of the immune molecules could not be covered as they were beyond the scope of the review; Further review articles can cover other aspects to bridge the knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Moustafa Abo El-Ella
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salam Almoghrabi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shayista Akbar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laila Assami
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaheena Anwar
- Department of Biosciences, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rehman Zar Gul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Al-Muftah
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Lin J, Ran Y, Wu T, Wang Z, Zhao J, Tian Y. A New Method for Constructing Macrophage-Associated Predictors of Treatment Efficacy Based on Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis. J Immunother 2024; 47:33-48. [PMID: 37982646 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) and play a vital role in CRC's development as well as prognosis. The required data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage operator analyses were executed for model construction. TME assessment and immune prediction were performed using the ESTIMATE software package and the single sample genome enrichment analysis algorithm. The results show patients with low a TAMs risk score (TRS) had a better prognosis in both The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. Patients with low TRS were more sensitive to 3 chemotherapeutic agents: oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin ( P <0.05). TME assessment showed that the low TRS group had less infiltration of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells, but CD4 + T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells occupy a greater proportion of TME. Low TRS group patients have a low StromalScore and ImmuneScore but have high TumorPurity. The immune checkpoint TIM-3 gene HAVCR2 expression was significantly higher in the high TRS group. Finally, we created a nomogram including TRS for forecasting survival, and TRS was significantly associated with the clinical stage of the patients. In conclusion, the TRS serves as a reliable prognostic indicator of CRC; it predicts patient outcomes to immunotherapy and chemotherapy and provides genomic evidence for the subsequent development of modulated TAMs for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Lin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Ran
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengfei Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zishan Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Geng Q, Jiao P. Anti-PD-L1-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Co-Inhibitory and Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2024; 29:454. [PMID: 38257366 PMCID: PMC10819708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting PD-L1 via monospecific antibodies has shown durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical cancer signs for many years after treatment. However, the durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions by anti-PD-L1 monotherapy have been limited to a small fraction of patients with certain cancer types. Targeting PD-L1 via bispecific antibodies (referred to as anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs) which can simultaneously bind to both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules may increase the durable antitumor responses in patients who would not benefit from PD-L1 monotherapy. A growing number of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs have been developed to fight against this deadly disease. This review summarizes recent advances of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs for cancer immunotherapy in patents and literatures, and discusses their anti-tumor efficacies in vitro and in vivo. Over 50 anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs targeting both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules have been investigated in biological testing or in clinical trials since 2017. At least eleven proteins, such as CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L2, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD28, CD27, OX40, CD137, and ICOS, are involved in these investigations. Twenty-two anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs are being evaluated to treat various advanced cancers in clinical trials, wherein the indications include NSCLC, SNSCLC, SCLC, PDA, MBNHL, SCCHN, UC, EC, TNBC, CC, and some other malignancies. The released data from clinical trials indicated that most of the anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs were well-tolerated and showed promising antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. However, since the approved and investigational bsAbs have shown much more significant adverse reactions compared to PD-L1 monospecific antibodies, anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs may be further optimized via molecular structure modification to avoid or reduce these adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
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Meng L, Wu H, Wu J, Ding P, He J, Sang M, Liu L. Mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors: insights into the regulation of circular RNAS involved in cancer hallmarks. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:3. [PMID: 38177102 PMCID: PMC10766988 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for cancer, especially advanced cancer, are limited and unsatisfactory. One of the most substantial advances in cancer therapy, in the last decades, was the discovery of a new layer of immunotherapy approach, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which can specifically activate immune cells by targeting immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoints are a type of immunosuppressive molecules expressed on immune cells, which can regulate the degree of immune activation and avoid autoimmune responses. ICIs, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, has shown inspiring efficacy and broad applicability across various cancers. Unfortunately, not all cancer patients benefit remarkably from ICIs, and the overall response rates to ICIs remain relatively low for most cancer types. Moreover, the primary and acquired resistance to ICIs pose serious challenges to the clinical application of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper understanding of the molecular biological properties and regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints is urgently needed to improve clinical options for current therapies. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted increasing attention, not only due to their involvement in various aspects of cancer hallmarks, but also for their impact on immune checkpoints in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. In this review, we systematically summarize the current status of immune checkpoints in cancer and the existing regulatory roles of circRNAs on immune checkpoints. Meanwhile, we also aim to settle the issue in an evidence-oriented manner that circRNAs involved in cancer hallmarks regulate the effects and resistance of ICIs by targeting immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiao Meng
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, China
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Ping'an Ding
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jinchen He
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Meixiang Sang
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
- Science and Education Department, Shanghai Electric Power Hospital, Shanghai, 20050, China.
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, China.
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Liao P, Huang S, Huang Y, Chen S, Li Y, Zhong L. Immune checkpoint expression patterns on T cell subsets in light-chain amyloidosis: VISTA, PD-1, and TIGIT as potential therapeutic targets. BLOOD SCIENCE 2024; 6:e00181. [PMID: 38226018 PMCID: PMC10789457 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia with dismal prognosis. This study aims to investigate the T-cell immune checkpoint expression patterns in systemic AL amyloidosis and its relationship with clinicobiological traits. We examined the frequencies of V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation+ (VISTA+), programmed cell death 1+ (PD-1+), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3+ (Tim-3+), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains+ (TIGIT+) T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) from 19 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis. Patients with AL amyloidosis had significantly higher percentages of VISTA+ and PD-1+ T cells in PB than healthy individuals (HIs), with no statistical differences in BM. The percentages of some double-positive T cells in PB were also considerably higher in AL amyloidosis than those in HIs. Additionally, the patients with renal involvement had more PD-1+ and TIGIT+ T cells than the patients without, and PD-1+CD3+%, PD-1+CD4+%, PD-1+Treg% were positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria levels. Furthermore, the AL amyloidosis patients had higher counts of PD-1+ Treg in PB than multiple myeloma (MM) patients, while the MM patients had higher counts of TIGIT+ T cells than AL amyloidosis patients. Collectively, this is the first report of elevated proportions of VISTA+ and PD-1+ T cells in PB of AL amyloidosis patients, indicating an immunosuppressive milieu, and the increased PD-1+ and TIGIT+ T cells were associated with renal damage. VISTA, PD-1, and TIGIT may be potential targets for reversing T-cell exhaustion in AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengjun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxue Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pang N, Yu M, Xu J, Yuan H, Chen G, Wang D, Han C, Wang W, Ding J, Jiang M. The level of Tim-3+CD8+ T cells can serve as a potential marker for evaluating the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease after haplo-PBSCT. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12997. [PMID: 38126537 PMCID: PMC10729645 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is crucial for the prognosis of patients. This study identified a potential biomarker for the severity of aGVHD after human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-PBSCT). We included 20 healthy subjects and 57 patients who underwent haplo-PBSCT. Of these patients, 22 developed aGVHD after haplo-PBSCT. The results showed that patients with aGVHD had significantly increased levels of Tim-3+/Perforin+/Granzyme B+CD8+ T cells, but significantly decreased Galectin-9. The differences in Galectin-9 and Tim-3+/Granzyme B+CD8+ T cells between grade I-II aGVHD and III-IV aGVHD were also significant. In vitro, the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells from aGVHD patients was significantly increased after Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway activation, which decreased Granzyme B secretion. As revealed by univariate analysis, the level of Tim-3+CD8+ T cells was a risk factor for severe aGVHD. ROC analysis demonstrated that high levels of Tim-3+CD8+ T cells had a significant diagnostic value for severe aGVHD, with an area under the curve of 0.854 and cut-off value of 14.155%. In conclusion, the binding of Tim-3 with exogenous Galectin-9 can promote apoptosis of CD8+ T cells and affect the secretion of Granzyme B. Tim-3+CD8+ T cells have the potential to serve as immunological markers for assessing the severity of aGVHD after haplo-PBSCT and identifying patients at a higher risk for severe aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Pang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianli Xu
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Hailong Yuan
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Chunxia Han
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
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Zhang XS, Zhou HC, Wei P, Chen L, Ma WH, Ding L, Liang SC, Chen BD. Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains hepatocellular carcinoma development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2138-2149. [PMID: 38173440 PMCID: PMC10758641 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies. However, ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC. AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model, aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients. METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from tumor tissues, ascites, and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry. An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and/or anti-PD-1 mAb. Tumor growth in each group was measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry. The percentages of PD-1+CD8+, TIM-3+CD8+, and PD-1+TIM-3+ CD8+ T cells was accessed by flow cytometry. The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients. TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight, while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment. Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues, and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Moreover, combined treatment facilitated the production of T cell effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 in tumor tissues. Thus, we implicated that combined blockade could ameliorate T cell exhaustion in HCC mouse model. CONCLUSION Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains HCC development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Sheng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Hu Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lin Ding
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Cai Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ben-Dong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgical, Ningxia Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgical Diseases Clinical Research Center, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Yang Q, Li M, Hou Y, He H, Sun S. High-mobility group box 1 emerges as a therapeutic target for asthma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1124. [PMID: 38156383 PMCID: PMC10739362 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nonhistone nuclear protein found in the calf thymus and participates in a variety of intracellular processes such as DNA transcription, replication and repair. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 promotes mitochondrial autophagy and is involved in in cellular stress response. Once released into the extracellular, HMGB1 becomes an inflammatory factor that triggers inflammatory responses and a variety of immune responses. In addition, HMGB1 binding with the corresponding receptor can activate the downstream substrate to carry out several biological effects. Meanwhile, HMGB1 is involved in various signaling pathways, such as the HMGB1/RAGE pathway, HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and HMGB1/JAK/STAT pathway, which ultimately promote inflammation. Moreover, HMGB1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma by regulating downstream signaling pathways through corresponding receptors and mediates a number of signaling pathways in asthma, such as HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB, HMGB1/RAGE, HMGB1/TGF-β, and so forth. Accordingly, HMGB1 emerges as a therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- 2021 Class 2 of AnesthesiologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yunjiao Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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Xu H, Jia Z, Liu F, Li J, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Pu P, Shang T, Tang P, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Su J, Liu J. Biomarkers and experimental models for cancer immunology investigation. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e437. [PMID: 38045830 PMCID: PMC10693314 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of tumor immunotherapies poses challenges for the tools used in cancer immunology research, highlighting the need for highly effective biomarkers and reproducible experimental models. Current immunotherapy biomarkers encompass surface protein markers such as PD-L1, genetic features such as microsatellite instability, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and biomarkers in liquid biopsy such as circulating tumor DNAs. Experimental models, ranging from 3D in vitro cultures (spheroids, submerged models, air-liquid interface models, organ-on-a-chips) to advanced 3D bioprinting techniques, have emerged as valuable platforms for cancer immunology investigations and immunotherapy biomarker research. By preserving native immune components or coculturing with exogenous immune cells, these models replicate the tumor microenvironment in vitro. Animal models like syngeneic models, genetically engineered models, and patient-derived xenografts provide opportunities to study in vivo tumor-immune interactions. Humanized animal models further enable the simulation of the human-specific tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages, limitations, and prospects of different biomarkers and experimental models, specifically focusing on the role of biomarkers in predicting immunotherapy outcomes and the ability of experimental models to replicate the tumor microenvironment. By integrating cutting-edge biomarkers and experimental models, this review serves as a valuable resource for accessing the forefront of cancer immunology investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center /National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Li
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yansong Huang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pengming Pu
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Tongxuan Shang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pengrui Tang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yufan Yang
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center /National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Shan C, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang S, Sheng W, Liu X. The triple-drug combination DBDx enhances the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 antibody associated with Treg modulation. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1603-1609. [PMID: 38156928 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_350_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the antitumor efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody and DBDx, a triple-drug combination of dipyridamole, bestatin, and dexamethasone, and their related immunomodulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse melanoma B16, mouse Lewis lung carcinoma, and mouse breast carcinoma 4T1 were used for evaluating the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of DBDx, PD-1 antibody, and their combination. The peripheral blood and tumor tissues of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were collected to analyze regulatory T cells and measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS The combination of PD-1 antibody and DBDx enhanced the therapeutic efficacy against B16 melanoma. The suppression of tumor growth by PD-1 antibody and DBDx was more significant than that by anti-PD-1 monotherapy. The tumor growth inhibition rates of PD-1 antibody, DBDx, and their combination were 54.0%, 72.4%, and 83.1%, respectively, suggesting a synergistic effect as determined by the coefficient of drug interaction. No significant changes were found in the body weights in all the above groups, indicating that the treated mice tolerated the applied drug doses. Similarly, enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the PD-1 antibody and DBDx combination was observed in murine Lewis lung carcinoma and 4T1 breast cancer models. In 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice, the immunotherapy-related changes in lymphocytes in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment were evaluated with flow cytometry. Compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy, peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were found a lower ratio of regulatory T cell (Treg) subset cells and a higher ratio of CD8+/Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PD-1 antibody and DBDx could achieve enhanced therapeutic antitumor efficacy than anti-PD-1 monotherapy, suggesting potential for using the triple-drug combination DBDx in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankun Shan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Alphamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuexuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Qujing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qujing, P.R. China
| | - Weijin Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Xue J, Suo L, An Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Liu H, Wu Y, Sun X, Zhao C, Yang P. Phosphatidylserine promotes immunotherapy for airway allergy. Immunol Lett 2023; 264:46-55. [PMID: 38008186 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) play an important role in the maintenance of the immune homeostasis in the body. The induction of Tr1 cell is to be further investigated. The interaction of phosphatidylserine (PS) with TIM3 has immune regulation functions. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of PS-TIM3 signals in inducing Tr1 cells. In this study, mice were treated using PS or specific immunotherapy by nasal instillation. A murine model of allergic rhinitis was developed using ovalbumin as a specific antigen. We found that PS-containing nasal instillation induced Tr1 cells in the airway tissues. PS promoted gene activities associated with IL-10 through activation of TIM3 in CD4+ T cells. TIM3 mediated the effects of PS on inducing Tr1 cells, in which the TIM3- PI3K-AKT pathway played a critical role. PS boosted allergen-specific immunotherapy by inducing specific antigen Tr1 cell generation. Concomitant administration of PS and SIT resulted in better therapeutic effects on AR. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that PS can promote the specific immunotherapy for AR through inducing antigen specific Tr1 cells in the airway tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Limin Suo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfang An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjin Wu
- Department of General Practical Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of General Practical Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of General Practical Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Song D, Wang J, Zhang J, Hu J, Wu C, Wang Z. Case Report: HAVCR2 mutation-associated Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271324. [PMID: 38077348 PMCID: PMC10701531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline HAVCR2 mutation has been reported to be associated with subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) leading to Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Several studies have indicated that HAVCR2 mutation can cause HLH even in the absence of lymphoma, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this article, we reported five cases of HAVCR2 mutation-associated HLH. Our analysis revealed an elevated level of IL-1RA in the serum of these patients. Furthermore, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying HLH associated with HAVCR2 mutation based on changes in cytokine levels. Our findings suggest that HAVCR2 mutation may represent a distinct genetic defect underlying HLH, differing from traditional primary HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jia H, Yang H, Xiong H, Luo KQ. NK cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303605. [PMID: 38022646 PMCID: PMC10653587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells kill mutant cells through death receptors and cytotoxic granules, playing an essential role in controlling cancer progression. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), NK cells frequently exhibit an exhausted status, which impairs their immunosurveillance function and contributes to tumor immune evasion. Emerging studies are ongoing to reveal the properties and mechanisms of NK cell exhaustion in the TME. In this review, we will briefly introduce the maturation, localization, homeostasis, and cytotoxicity of NK cells. We will then summarize the current understanding of the main mechanisms underlying NK cell exhaustion in the TME in four aspects: dysregulation of inhibitory and activating signaling, tumor cell-derived factors, immunosuppressive cells, and metabolism and exhaustion. We will also discuss the therapeutic approaches currently being developed to reverse NK cell exhaustion and enhance NK cell cytotoxicity in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huaxing Xiong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
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Torki E, Gharezade A, Doroudchi M, Sheikhi S, Mansury D, Sullman MJM, Fouladseresht H. The kinetics of inhibitory immune checkpoints during and post-COVID-19: the knowns and unknowns. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3299-3319. [PMID: 37697158 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is tightly regulated to prevent immune reactions to self-antigens and to avoid excessive immune responses during and after challenges from non-self-antigens. Inhibitory immune checkpoints (IICPs), as the major regulators of immune system responses, are extremely important for maintaining the homeostasis of cells and tissues. However, the high and sustained co-expression of IICPs in chronic infections, under persistent antigenic stimulations, results in reduced immune cell functioning and more severe and prolonged disease complications. Furthermore, IICPs-mediated interactions can be hijacked by pathogens in order to evade immune induction or effector mechanisms. Therefore, IICPs can be potential targets for the prognosis and treatment of chronic infectious diseases. This is especially the case with regards to the most challenging infectious disease of recent times, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose long-term complications can persist long after recovery. This article reviews the current knowledge about the kinetics and functioning of the IICPs during and post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Torki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Gharezade
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Mansury
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Ma F, Feng X, Wang E, Ma C, Wu J, He S, Tian Y, Qiu P, Tan L, Liu J, Li J, Hu S, Yang P, Ning Y. The regulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells by a Chinese herb formula improves abortion prone in mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13714. [PMID: 37881127 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abortion prone (AP) is a common clinical event. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Traditional Chinese formulas are known to be efficient in the management of abortion. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Anzitiaochongtang (AZT), a traditional formulation of Chinese medicine, on improving AP in mice by regulating immune tolerance. METHODS An established abortion model (CBA/J×DBA/2) was employed. AZT was prepared and administered to mice in a manner consistent with clinical practice. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) and type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cell) in mice were analyzed by immunological approaches to be used as representative immune tolerant parameters. RESULTS An AP model was established with CBA/J × DBA/2 mice. The expression of IL-10 in tDC and Tr1 cell frequency in the mouse decidua tissues were lower in the AP group than that in the normal pregnancy (NP) group. Administration of AZT up regulated the expression of IL-10 in tDCs and Tr1 cell generation in the decidua tissues, and improved the pregnancy and tissue structure in AP mice. The main mechanism by which AZT improves pregnancy in AP mice is that AZT enhanced the expression of galectin-9 in the epithelial cells of decidua tissues. Galectin 9 activates TIM3 on DCs to promote the IL-10 expression. The DCs induced more Tr1 cells in the decidua tissues. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional tDCs were detected in the AP decidua tissues. Administration of AZT improved pregnancy in AP mice by regulating tDC function and generation of Tr1 cells in the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erfeng Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Ma
- Department of Respirology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaman Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liya Tan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suqin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Schütz C, Baraliakos X. What do we know about co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint signals in ankylosing spondylitis? Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:288-300. [PMID: 36883249 PMCID: PMC10570999 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is the main entity of a family of inflammatory diseases affecting many musculoskeletal (sacroiliac joints, spine, and peripheral joints) and extra-musculoskeletal sites, termed spondyloarthritis. While it is debated whether disease onset is primarily driven by autoimmune or autoinflammatory processes, what is certain is that both innate and adaptive immune responses orchestrate local and systemic inflammation, which leads to chronic pain and immobility. Immune checkpoint signals are one key player in keeping the immune system in check and in balance, but their role in disease pathogenesis is still rather elusive. Therefore, we ran a MEDLINE search utilizing the PubMed platform for a variety of immune checkpoint signals in regard to ankylosing spondylitis. In this review, we summarize the experimental and genetic data available and evaluate the relevance of immune checkpoint signalling in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Markers such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been extensively studied and facilitate the concept of an impaired negative immune regulation in ankylosing spondylitis. Other markers are either neglected completely or insufficiently examined, and the data is conflicting. Still, some of those markers remain interesting targets to decipher the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and to develop new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schütz
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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Fang J, Lu Y, Zheng J, Jiang X, Shen H, Shang X, Lu Y, Fu P. Exploring the crosstalk between endothelial cells, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: new insights and therapeutic implications. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:586. [PMID: 37666809 PMCID: PMC10477350 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly intricate milieu, comprising a multitude of components, including immune cells and stromal cells, that exert a profound influence on tumor initiation and progression. Within the TME, angiogenesis is predominantly orchestrated by endothelial cells (ECs), which foster the proliferation and metastasis of malignant cells. The interplay between tumor and immune cells with ECs is complex and can either bolster or hinder the immune system. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate crosstalk between ECs and immune cells is essential to advance the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite recent progress, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the interplay between ECs and immune cells remain elusive. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory function of ECs has emerged as a pivotal determinant of the immune response. In light of this, the study of the relationship between ECs and immune checkpoints has garnered considerable attention in the field of immunotherapy. By targeting specific molecular pathways and signaling molecules associated with ECs in the TME, novel immunotherapeutic strategies may be devised to enhance the efficacy of current treatments. In this vein, we sought to elucidate the relationship between ECs, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the TME, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets and charting new avenues for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Fang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 323000, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaocong Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixing Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cixi People's Hospital, 315300, Cixi, China
| | - Xi Shang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuexin Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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Gutierrez-Hoffmann M, Fan J, O’Meally RN, Cole RN, Florea L, Antonescu C, Talbot CC, Tiniakou E, Darrah E, Soloski MJ. The Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with Human Dendritic Cells: Functional Implications. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:612-625. [PMID: 37405694 PMCID: PMC10527078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses by serving as sensors of infection and as the primary APCs responsible for the initiation of the T cell response against invading pathogens. The naive T cell activation requires the following three key signals to be delivered from dendritic cells: engagement of the TCR by peptide Ags bound to MHC molecules (signal 1), engagement of costimulatory molecules on both cell types (signal 2), and expression of polarizing cytokines (signal 3). Initial interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, and dendritic cells remain largely unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, we cultured live B. burgdorferi with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) from healthy donors to examine the bacterial immunopeptidome associated with HLA-DR. In parallel, we examined changes in the expression of key costimulatory and regulatory molecules as well as profiled the cytokines released by dendritic cells when exposed to live spirochetes. RNA-sequencing studies on B. burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic cells show a unique gene expression signature associated with B. burgdorferi stimulation that differs from stimulation with lipoteichoic acid, a TLR2 agonist. These studies revealed that exposure of mo-DCs to live B. burgdorferi drives the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as immunoregulatory molecules (e.g., PD-L1, IDO1, Tim3). Collectively, these studies indicate that the interaction of live B. burgdorferi with mo-DCs promotes a unique mature DC phenotype that likely impacts the nature of the adaptive T cell response generated in human Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gutierrez-Hoffmann
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert N. O’Meally
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility,
Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility,
Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liliana Florea
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Corina Antonescu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns
Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eleni Tiniakou
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark J. Soloski
- Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University,
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Ma H, Ren S, Meng Q, Su B, Wang K, Liu Y, Wang J, Ding D, Li X. Role of Tim-3 in COVID-19: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Arch Virol 2023; 168:213. [PMID: 37522944 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein 3 (Tim-3), an immune checkpoint, is important for maintaining immune tolerance. There is increasing evidence that Tim-3 is aberrantly expressed in patients with COVID-19, indicating that it may play an important role in COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the altered expression and potential role of Tim-3 in COVID-19. The expression of Tim-3 and its soluble form (sTim-3) has been found to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients. The levels of Tim-3 on T cells and circulating sTim-3 have been shown to be associated with the severity of COVID-19, suggesting that this protein could be a potential biomarker of COVID-19. Moreover, this review also highlights the potential of Tim-3 as a therapeutic target of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shengju Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingpeng Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Boyuan Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - YiChen Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, 450003, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Degang Ding
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, 450003, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Panez-Toro I, Muñoz-García J, Vargas-Franco JW, Renodon-Cornière A, Heymann MF, Lézot F, Heymann D. Advances in Osteosarcoma. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023:10.1007/s11914-023-00803-9. [PMID: 37329384 PMCID: PMC10393907 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article gives a brief overview of the most recent developments in osteosarcoma treatment, including targeting of signaling pathways, immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug delivery strategies as single or combined approaches, and the identification of new therapeutic targets to face this highly heterogeneous disease. RECENT FINDINGS Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors in children and young adults, with a high risk of bone and lung metastases and a 5-year survival rate around 70% in the absence of metastases and 30% if metastases are detected at the time of diagnosis. Despite the novel advances in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the effective treatment for osteosarcoma has not improved in the last 4 decades. The emergence of immunotherapy has transformed the paradigm of treatment, focusing therapeutic strategies on the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the most recent clinical trials show a slight improvement over the conventional polychemotherapy scheme. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma by controlling the tumor growth, the metastatic process and the drug resistance and paved the way of new therapeutic options that must be validated by accurate pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Panez-Toro
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Javier Muñoz-García
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Jorge W Vargas-Franco
- University of Antioquia, Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Axelle Renodon-Cornière
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR933, Hôpital Trousseau (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France.
- University of Sheffield, Medical School, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
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Zhao C, Wang D, Li Z, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Liu J, Lei Q, Han D, Huo Y, Liu S, Li L, Zhang Y. IL8 derived from macrophages inhibits CD8 + T-cell function by downregulating TIM3 expression through IL8-CXCR2 axis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110457. [PMID: 37331296 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) is a vital immune checkpoint that regulates the immune response. However, the specific role of TIM3 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of TIM3 on CD8+ T cells in CRC and explored the mechanism of TIM3 regulation in tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Peripheral blood and tumor tissues of patients with CRC were collected to evaluate TIM3 expression using flow cytometry. Cytokines in the serum of healthy donors and patients with early- and advanced-stage CRC were screened using a multiplex assay. The effects of interleukin-8 (IL8) on TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells were analyzed using cell incubation experiments in vitro. The correlation between TIM3 or IL8 and prognosis was verified using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells was obviously reduced in patients with advanced-stage CRC, whereas a lower TIM3 expression level was associated with poorer prognosis. Macrophage-derived IL8, which could inhibit TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells, was significantly increased in the serum of patients with advanced CRC. In addition, the function and proliferation of CD8+ and TIM3+CD8+ T cells were inhibited by IL8, which was partly depending on TIM3 expression. The inhibitory effects of IL8 were reversed by anti-IL8 and anti-CXCR2 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS In summary, macrophages-derived IL8 suppresses TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells through CXCR2. Targeting the IL8/CXCR2 axis may be an effective strategy for treating patients with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qingyang Lei
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dong Han
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yachang Huo
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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Lin D, Zhu RC, Tang C, Li FF, Gao ML, Wang YQ. Association of TIM-3 with anterior uveitis and associated systemic immune diseases: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1183326. [PMID: 37396905 PMCID: PMC10313383 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1183326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the causal association between TIM-3, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and anterior uveitis (AU), as well as associated systemic immune diseases. Materials and methods We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the causal effects of TIM-3 on AU and three associated systemic diseases, namely ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AU, AS, CD, and UC were selected as the outcomes: AU GWAS with 2,752 patients with acute AU accompanied with AS (cases) and 3,836 AS patients (controls), AS GWAS with 968 cases and 336,191 controls, CD GWAS with 1,032 cases and 336,127 controls, and UC GWAS with 2,439 cases and 460,494 controls. The TIM-3 dataset was used as the exposure (n = 31,684). Four MR methods, namely, inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode, were used in this study. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to estimate the robustness of identified associations and the potential impact of horizontal pleiotropy. Results Our studies show that TIM-3 is significantly associated with CD using the IVW method (OR = 1.001, 95% CI = 1.0002-1.0018, P-value = 0.011). We also found that TIM-3 may be a protective factor for AU although these results lacked significance (OR = 0.889, 95% CI = 0.631-1.252, P-value = 0.5). No association was observed between the genetic predisposition to particular TIM-3 and susceptibility to AS or UC in this study. No potential heterogeneities or directional pleiotropies were observed in our analyses. Conclusion According to our study, a small correlation was observed between TIM-3 expression and CD susceptibility. Additional studies in different ethnic backgrounds will be necessary to further explore the potential roles and mechanisms of TIM-3 in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rong-Cheng Zhu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chun Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fen-Fen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Guo R, Li J, Hu J, Fu Q, Yan Y, Xu S, Wang X, Jiao F. Combination of epidrugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy: From theory to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110417. [PMID: 37276826 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized treatment strategies in multiple types of cancer. However, the resistance and relapse as associated with the extreme complexity of cancer-immunity interactions remain a major challenge to be resolved. Owing to the epigenome plasticity of cancer and immune cells, a growing body of evidence has been presented indicating that epigenetic treatments have the potential to overcome current limitations of immunotherapy, thus providing a rationalefor the combination of ICIs with epigenetic agents (epidrugs). In this review, we first make an overview about the epigenetic regulations in tumor biology and immunodevelopment. Subsequently, a diverse array of inhibitory agents under investigations targeted epigenetic modulators (Azacitidine, Decitabine, Vorinostat, Romidepsin, Belinostat, Panobinostat, Tazemetostat, Enasidenib and Ivosidenib, etc.) and immune checkpoints (Atezolizmab, Avelumab, Cemiplimab, Durvalumb, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab and Pembrolizmab, etc.) to increase anticancer responses were described and the potential mechanisms were further discussed. Finally, we summarize the findings of clinical trials and provide a perspective for future clinical studies directed at investigating the combination of epidrugs with ICIs as a treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jixia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Sen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory & Health Service Training, 970 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yantai 264002, PR China.
| | - Fei Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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