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Li Y, Qiang R, Cao Z, Wu Q, Wang J, Lyu W. NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:407-417. [PMID: 39102612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been the most distinctive polymer protein complex. After recognizing the endogenous and exogenous danger signals, NLRP3 can cause inflammation by pyroptosis and secretion of mature, bioactive forms of IL-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential in the genesis and progression of infectious illnesses. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infectious diseases, focusing on its two-sided effects. As an essential part of host defense with a protective impact, abnormal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, however, result in a systemic high inflammatory response, leading to subsequent damage. In addition, scientific evidence of small molecules, biologics, and phytochemicals acting on the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reviewed. We believe that the NLRP3 inflammasome helps us understand the pathological mechanism of different stages of infectious diseases and that inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome will become a new and valuable research direction for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Rui Qiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shunyi Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Qingjuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Wenliang Lyu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
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Song X, Wang Y, Zou W, Wang Z, Cao W, Liang M, Li F, Zeng Q, Ren Z, Wang Y, Zheng K. Inhibition of mitophagy via the EIF2S1-ATF4-PRKN pathway contributes to viral encephalitis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00326-6. [PMID: 39103048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy responsible for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, regulates the antiviral immune response and acts as viral replication platforms to facilitate infection with various viruses. However, its precise role in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the regulation of mitophagy by HSV-1 neurotropic infection and its role in viral encephalitis, and to identify small compounds that regulate mitophagy to affect HSV-1 infection. METHODS The antiviral effects of compounds were investigated by Western blot, RT-PCR and plaque assay. The changes of Parkin (PRKN)-mediated mitophagy and Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFKB)-mediated neuroinflammation were examined by TEM, RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA. The therapeutic effect of taurine or PRKN-overexpression was confirmed in the HSE mouse model by evaluating survival rate, eye damage, neurodegenerative symptoms, immunohistochemistry analysis and histopathology. RESULTS HSV-1 infection caused the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in neuronal cells and in the brain tissue of HSE mice. Early HSV-1 infection led to mitophagy activation, followed by inhibition in the later viral infection. The HSV-1 proteins ICP34.5 or US11 deregulated the EIF2S1-ATF4 axis to suppress PRKN/Parkin mRNA expression, thereby impeding PRKN-dependent mitophagy. Consequently, inhibition of mitophagy by specific inhibitor midiv-1 promoted HSV-1 infection, whereas mitophagy activation by PRKN overexpression or agonists (CCCP and rotenone) attenuated HSV-1 infection and reduced the NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation. Moreover, PRKN-overexpressing mice showed enhanced resistance to HSV-1 infection and ameliorated HSE pathogenesis. Furthermore, taurine, a differentially regulated gut microbial metabolite upon HSV-1 infection, acted as a mitophagy activator that transcriptionally promotes PRKN expression to stimulate mitophagy and to limit HSV-1 infection both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These results reveal the protective function of mitophagy in HSE pathogenesis and highlight mitophagy activation as a potential antiviral therapeutic strategy for HSV-1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Center for Mitochondrial Genetics and Health, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Weixiangmin Zou
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenyan Cao
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minting Liang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Li
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Qiongzhen Zeng
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Li G, Cao L, Liu K, Dong Y, Yang Z, Luo J, Gao W, Lei L, Song Y, Du X, Li X, Gao W, Liu G. Targeting PHB2 mediated mitophagy alleviates non-esterified fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00921-4. [PMID: 38876225 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the mammary gland of dairy cows suffering from ketosis. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) plays a crucial role in regulating mitophagy, which clears impaired mitochondria to maintain normal mitochondrial function. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate how PHB2 mediates mitophagy, thereby influencing mitochondrial function in the bovine mammary epithelial cell MAC-T. First, mammary gland tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (control; n = 15, BHB <0.6 mM) and cows with clinical ketosis (CK; n = 15, BHB >3.0 mM). Compared with the control group, the CK group exhibited lower dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, milk protein, milk lactose, and serum glucose. In contrast, milk fat, serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHB were greater in CK group. The protein abundance of PHB2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) in whole cell lysates (WCL), as well as PHB2, sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), and ubiquitinated proteins in mitochondrial fraction were significantly lower in the CK group. ATP content of mammary gland tissue in CK group was lower than that of healthy cows. Second, MAC-T were cultured and treated with NEFA (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 mM). MAC-T treated with 1.2 mM NEFA displayed decreased protein abundance of PHB2, PGC-1α, MFN2 in WCL, as well as protein abundance of PHB2, p62, LC3-II, and ubiquitinated proteins in mitochondrial fraction. The content of ATP and JC-1 aggregates in 1.2 mM NEFA group were lower than in the 0 mM NEFA group. Additionally, 1.2 mM NEFA disrupted the fusion between mitochondria and lysosomes. MAC-T were then pretreated with 100 nM rapamycin, followed by treatment with or without NEFA. Rapamycin alleviated impaired mitophagy and mitochondria dysfunction induced by 1.2 mM NEFA. Third, MAC-T were transfected with small interfering RNA to silence PHB2 or a plasmid for overexpression of PHB2, followed by treatment with or without NEFA. The silencing of PHB2 aggravated 1.2 mM NEFA induced impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the overexpression of PHB2 alleviated these effects. Overall, this study provides evidence that PHB2, in regulation of mitophagy, is a mechanism for bovine mammary epithelial cells to counteract NEFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liguang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianchun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China..
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China..
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Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Hao Z, Zhou G, Wen H, Su Q, Tong C, Yang X, Wang X. Forsythiaside A attenuates mastitis via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155358. [PMID: 38241916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is the most common animal production disease in the global dairy industry, which affects the health of dairy cows. When bovine mastitis occurs, the mitochondrial metabolism of breast tissue increases, and the relationship between inflammation and mitophagy has become a hot topic for many scholars. The abuse of antibiotics leads to the increase of resistance to bovine mastitis. FTA is one of the main effective components of Forsythia suspensa, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, anti-oxidation and anti-virus pharmacological effects, and has broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. However, the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects of FTA and mitophagy is still unclear. PURPOSE This study mainly explores the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA in bovine mastitis and the relationship between mitophagy. METHODS MAC-T cells and wild-type mice were used to simulate the in vitro and in vivo response of mastitis. After the pretreatment with FTA, CsA inhibitors and siPINK1 were used to interfere with mitophagy, and the mitochondrial function impairment and the expression of inflammatory factors were detected. RESULTS It was found that pre-treatment with FTA significantly reduced LPS induced inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage, while promoting the expression of mitophagy related factors. However, after inhibiting mitophagy, the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA was inhibited. CONCLUSION This study is the first to suggest the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of FTA and mitophagy. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is one of the ways that FTA protects MAC-T cells from LPS-induced inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Yingkui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Huaqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Guangwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Haojie Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Qing Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China.
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Staphylococcus aureus induces mitophagy to promote its survival within bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109697. [PMID: 36827937 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy occurs in a variety of pathogenic infections. However, the role of mitophagy in the intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) within bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and which molecules specifically mediate the induction of mitophagy remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of mitophagy in the intracellular survival of S.aureus. Here, we reported that S.aureus induced complete mitophagy to promote its survival within BMECs. The further mechanistic study showed that S. aureus induced mitophagy by activating the p38-PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway. These findings expand our knowledge of the intracellular survival mechanism of S.aureus in the host and provide a desirable therapeutic strategy against S.aureus and other intracellular infections.
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