HDAC inhibition regulates oxidative stress in CD4+Thelper cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non-small cell lung cancer patients via mitochondrial transcription factor a (mtTFA) modulating NF-κB/HIF1α axis

Histone deacetylases and their inhibitors in inflammatory diseases

Despite considerable research efforts, inflammatory diseases remain a heavy burden on human health, causing significant economic losses annually. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a significant role in regulating inflammation (via histone and non-histone protein deacetylation) and chromatin structure and gene expression regulation. Herein, we present a detailed description of the different HDACs and their functions and analyze the role of HDACs in inflammatory diseases, including pro-inflammatory cytokine production reduction, immune cell function modulation, and anti-inflammatory cell activity enhancement. Although HDAC inhibitors have shown broad inflammatory disease treatment potentials, their clinical applicability remains limited because of their non-specific effects, adverse effects, and drug resistance. With further research and insight, these inhibitors are expected to become important tools for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. This review aims to explore the mechanisms and application prospects of HDACs and their inhibitors in multiple inflammatory diseases.

Sulfation on polysaccharides from Zizania latifolia extracted using ultrasound: Characterization, antioxidant and anti-non-small cell lung cancer activities

Zizania latifolia is a highly nutritious vegetable being praised as "Ginseng in Water". Polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients in Z. latifolia, but there have been no reports on the yield- and activity-guided ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), sulfation and anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activity. In this study, Z. latifolia polysaccharides (ZLP) were extracted using UAE under an optimized power, followed by sulfation to give three derivatives (SZLP-1 ∼ 3). After characterization, the antioxidant and anti-NSCLC activities were evaluated. The optimal ultrasonic power for ZLP extraction was screened out to be 300 W, under which the yield was 16.9 ± 2.10 %, and the scavenging rate against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was 63.3 ± 5.71 %, significantly higher than those of other powers and hot-water extraction. A series of characterizations fully confirmed the sulfated modification of ZLP. Sulfation improved the antioxidation of ZLP and was positively proportional to the degree of substitution (DS), of which SZLP-2 with a DS of 15.1 ± 2.50 elicited strong hydroxyl and DPPH radicals-scavenging capacities. Meanwhile, SZLP-2 also exerted promising anti-NSCLC potency via inhibiting A549 cell proliferation, with a median inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.57 ± 0.01 mg/mL at 72 h, markedly smaller than that of unmodified ZLP (0.78 ± 0.04 mg/mL). In summary, the yield- and activity-guided UAE led to the ZLP with high yield and strong antioxidation. Further sulfation enhanced the bioactivities and produced the promising SZLP-2, which showed great potential in the development of novel antioxidant and anti-NSCLC drug.