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Chang C, Gao P, Li J, Liang J, Xiang S, Zhang R. Embryonic dexamethasone exposure exacerbates hepatic steatosis and APAP-mediated liver injury in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116657. [PMID: 38968869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DXMS), a synthetic glucocorticoid, is known for its pharmacological effects on anti-inflammation, stress response enhancement and immune suppression, and has been widely used to treat potential premature delivery and related diseases. However, emerging evidence has shown that prenatal DXMS exposure leads to increased susceptibility to multiple diseases. In the present study, we used zebrafish as a model to study the effects of embryonic DXMS exposure on liver development and disease. We discovered that embryonic DXMS exposure upregulated the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver, increased the glycolysis process and ultimately caused hepatic steatosis in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, DXMS exposure exacerbated hepatic steatosis in a zebrafish model of fatty liver disease. In addition, we showed that embryonic DXMS exposure worsened liver injury induced by paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP), increased the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, and promoted the expression of inflammatory factors, leading to impeded liver regeneration. Taken together, our results provide new evidence that embryonic DXMS exposure exacerbates hepatic steatosis by activating glycolytic pathway, aggravates APAP-induced liver damage and impeded regeneration under a persistent inflammation, calling attention to DXMS administration during pregnancy with probable clinical implications for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieling Liang
- TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shupeng Xiang
- TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.
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Chen J, Wu L, Li Y. FGL1 and FGL2: emerging regulators of liver health and disease. Biomark Res 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38816776 PMCID: PMC11141035 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a complex group of diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates, emerging as a major global health concern. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of fibrinogen-like proteins, specifically fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) and fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), in the regulation of various liver diseases. FGL1 plays a crucial role in promoting hepatocyte growth, regulating lipid metabolism, and influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing significantly to liver repair, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. On the other hand, FGL2 is a multifunctional protein known for its role in modulating prothrombin activity and inducing immune tolerance, impacting viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. Understanding the functions and mechanisms of fibrinogen-like proteins is essential for the development of effective therapeutic approaches for liver diseases. Additionally, FGL1 has demonstrated potential as a disease biomarker in radiation and drug-induced liver injury as well as HCC, while FGL2 shows promise as a biomarker in viral hepatitis and liver transplantation. The expression levels of these molecules offer exciting prospects for disease assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure and roles of FGL1 and FGL2 in different liver conditions, emphasizing the intricate molecular regulatory processes and advancements in targeted therapies. Furthermore, it explores the potential benefits and challenges of targeting FGL1 and FGL2 for liver disease treatment and the prospects of fibrinogen-like proteins as biomarkers for liver disease, offering insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongming Chen
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Liu X, Xiang R, Fang X, Wang G, Zhou Y. Advances in Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization State. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:416-436. [PMID: 38206296 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2302828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are significant immune-related cells that are essential for tissue growth, homeostasis maintenance, pathogen resistance, and damage healing. The studies on the metabolic control of macrophage polarization state in recent years and the influence of polarization status on the development and incidence of associated disorders are expounded upon in this article. Firstly, we reviewed the origin and classification of macrophages, with particular attention paid to how the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the three primary metabolites affect macrophage polarization. The primary metabolic hub that controls macrophage polarization is the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Finally, we reviewed the polarization state of macrophages influences the onset and progression of cancers, inflammatory disorders, and other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Ruoxuan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu, China
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