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Ponce-Gómez JE, Vara-Horna A, Valenciano-Mañé A, Dornberger U. Effects of intimate partner violence against women in international micro and small enterprises relationships: The mediator role of capabilities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:950807. [PMID: 36267063 PMCID: PMC9577493 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.950807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous studies have explored multiple constraints affecting women exporters, the effects of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are still unexplored in the literature. Thus, this study aims to probe first whether women owners of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in export markets experience IPVAW. Secondly, it aims to explore the effect of IPVAW on their relationship quality with business partners, mediated by the performance of export capabilities. Using a structured questionnaire applied through personal interviews, we surveyed 57 female owners of exporting MSEs in Peru. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the model. The preliminary findings indicate that women exporters who experience IPVAW are more likely to face problems performing export capabilities. In turn, these performance problems seem to affect the quality of their relationships with importers and suppliers. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between IPVAW and problems in performing export capabilities and between issues performing capabilities and the relationship quality. Our theoretical contribution is a conceptual model that proposes the variable "Problems Performing Capabilities" as a mediator to measure the effects of IPVAW on exporting MSEs owned by women. Our findings urge policymakers and trade organizations boosting women-owned export enterprises to include initiatives that address and prevent IPVAW in their export promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín E. Ponce-Gómez
- Small Enterprise Promotion and Training Competence Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arístides Vara-Horna
- Faculty of Management and Human Resources, University of San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Alba Valenciano-Mañé
- Small Enterprise Promotion and Training Competence Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Social Anthropology Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Utz Dornberger
- Small Enterprise Promotion and Training Competence Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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When Born Globals Grow Up: A Review and Agenda for Research on the Performance of Maturing Early Internationalizers. MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Horak S, Suseno Y. Informal Networks, Informal Institutions, and Social Exclusion in the Workplace: Insights from Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations in Korea. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2022; 186:1-23. [PMID: 36097535 PMCID: PMC9452869 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-022-05244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on interviews with decision makers in multinational corporations (MNCs) in South Korea, we examine the role of informal networks in the social exclusion of women in the workforce. Although legislation in the country is in favor of gender equality, we found that informal barriers in the workplace remain difficult to overcome. Informal networks in Korea, yongo, present an ethical issue in the workplace, as they tend to socially exclude women, limiting possibilities for their participation and career progression. We found that informal networks are pervasive and strong because of the informal institutions in which they are embedded and that there is a complex interplay between informal networks and informal institutions that socially excludes women. Due to difficulties accessing yongo, women appear to build inmaek, a network type that is more open and accessible. We also found that MNCs in Korea can compensate for the lack of local informal networks for their female employees. However, despite providing a more supportive environment for women at work, gender equality policies in MNCs are not yet as effective as they could be due to the dynamics of the workplace and the fact that the policies are not tailored to the local context. We have seen evidence in recent years that MNCs can serve as role models for implementing gender equality policies by creating a more inclusive work environment and demonstrating leadership commitment and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Horak
- St. John’s University, The Peter J. Tobin College of Business, Bent Hall, Queens, USA
| | - Yuliani Suseno
- School of Management, College of Business and Law, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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Jiao H, Wang L, Shi Y. How does institutional environment in the digital context affect technology entrepreneurship? The moderating roles of government digitalization and gender. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jocm-10-2021-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeBased on institutional theory, this study aims to analyze the influencing mechanisms of the institutional environment in the digital context on technology entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, World Bank and World Economic Forum, this study builds a multilevel database covering 79 countries and 97,146 individuals from 2013 to 2017. A mixed-effects logistic regression model with the fixed part and random part was chosen to test the hypotheses in this study. The mixed-effects logistic regression model used in this study includes a random intercept with random effects at the country level, while the robustness test considers a more complex two-level model with a random intercept plus random slope.FindingsThe findings indicate that different dimensions of the institutional environment in the digital context have different effects on individual technology entrepreneurship. The analysis shows that exposure to digital networks and innovative culture positively influences technology entrepreneurship. However, intellectual property rights protection has a negative impact on technology entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the government digitalization has different effects on above relationships. When a government digitalization is higher, there will be a weaker positive relationship between exposure to digital networks and technology entrepreneurship. When a government digitalization is higher, there will be a stronger positive relationship between innovative culture and technology entrepreneurship. When a government digitalization is higher, there will be a weaker negative relationship between Intellectual property rights protection and technology entrepreneurship. Finally, the effect of innovative culture on technology entrepreneurship in the digital context is stronger for females than for males.Originality/valueThe aforementioned findings contribute to a better understanding of the theoretical logic underlying digital factors affecting the institutional environment and technology entrepreneurship and act as a reference for the country in terms of raising its scientific and technological levels and promoting economic structure transformation in the digital era.
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Board gender diversity and firms' internationalization speed: the role of female directors' characteristics. BALTIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/bjm-12-2020-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDrawing on the gender self-schema theory, upper echelons theory and the literature on international business, this study aims to examine the impact of board gender diversity on firms' internationalization speed.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, secondary data of 886 listed Chinese manufacturing firms from 2009 to 2018 are studied using the ordinary least squares regression model as the baseline method, an instrumental variable method is adopted for endogeneity control and both fixed and random effect models are adopted for the robustness test.FindingsBoard gender diversity reduces firms' internationalization speed, and the negative effect between board gender diversity and internationalization speed is stronger when the average age of female directors is older and weaker when female directors have international experience or financial background.Practical implicationsFirst, Chinese firms need to increase or decrease board gender diversity to match the board to firms' internationalization strategy. Increasing board gender diversity may be a more appropriate choice for firms that are expanding rapidly internationally, and vice versa. Second, when introducing female directors to international firms, it is essential to address other characteristics of these directors beyond their gender.Originality/valueFirst, the authors contribute to the literature on board gender diversity using Chinese manufacturing firms as our research sample, which provides new insights into the economic consequences of increasing the number of female directors. Second, this research contributes to the literature on firms' internationalization speed. Third, the authors capture in more detail the economic consequences of increasing board gender diversity in the context of China.
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Jie S, Harms R, Groen AJ, Jones P. Capabilities and Performance of Early Internationalizing Firms: A Systematic Literature Review. JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00472778.2021.1955124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuijing Jie
- Department of Strategic Management & Organisation (SMO), International Business School of Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
- Entrepreneurship and Technology Management group (ETM), Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Netherlands
| | - Rainer Harms
- Entrepreneurship and Technology Management group (ETM), Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Netherlands
- Research Laboratory for Science and Technology Studies & Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation
| | - Aard J. Groen
- Centre for Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul Jones
- School of Management, Swansea University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Adarkwah GK, Malonæs TP. Firm-specific advantages: a comprehensive review with a focus on emerging markets. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-020-09737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe consolidate and comprehensively review the international business (IB) literature on the firm-specific advantages (FSAs) of emerging market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs). We do so through a systematic examination of 88 empirical and conceptual articles published in top-ranked IB journals between 2011 and 2018. The results reveal that in the past decades, EM MNEs have acquired several of the same FSAs as their counterparts in developed countries (developed country enterprises or DC MNEs) - financial resources, technologies, marketing capabilities, brand equity, R&D intensity, and management competencies. However, more recently, EM MNEs have developed additional unique FSAs in the form of managerial capabilities - to cope with competition in uncertain and constantly changing environments; easy access to cheaper capital; a stronger commitment to networks, such as those with diaspora communities; and, political connections. These additional FSAs have catalyzed the internationalization of EM MNEs. Our study also shows that some hurdles remain in the IB literature on FSAs. For instance, while IB scholars agree that EM MNEs have different investment motives depending on whether they invest in other emerging economies or developed economies, scholars are silent on the exact FSAs necessary to make EM MNEs investments in the respective economies successful. To advance the IB literature, we present some promising future research areas and challenge scholars to pursue further empirical studies on the FSAs of EM MNEs.
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Does Gender Diversity Affect Performance in Agri-Food Cooperatives? A Moderated Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Existing research about the relationship between gender diversity and performance in cooperatives is not conclusive. In view of this reality, this paper aims firstly to analyse the effectiveness of gender diversity and equality management systems (GDMS) in promoting gender diversity in the decision-making bodies (GDDB) as well as in the performance of agri-food cooperatives. Secondly, the objective is to establish the relationship between GDDB and performance, and subsequently, to analyse the moderating effect of GDDB on three of the business strategies adopted by cooperatives in order to achieve competitive advantages: Integration strategies, internationalisation strategies, and environmental concern, based on a survey carried out in 2018 using a sample of 2489 Spanish agri-food cooperatives. A moderation analysis was conducted to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The results obtained confirm a positive relationship between the implementation by cooperatives of GDMS and GDDB. The relationship between GDMS, GDDB, and performance was not significant. The moderating effect of GDDB was only statistically significant in the case of export intensity (EI) and environmental concern (EC), although, contrary to expectations, this effect was negative, meaning that the impact of both strategies on performance becomes more apparent as GDDB is reduced.
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Pergelova A, Manolova T, Simeonova-Ganeva R, Yordanova D. Democratizing Entrepreneurship? Digital Technologies and the Internationalization of Female-Led SMEs. JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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