On the Use of XML in Medical Imaging Web-Based Applications

PwCOV in cluster-based web server

In this work, we are introducing a novel assessment methodology for evaluating a prototype web service–based system for COVID-19 disease processing system by using cluster-based web server. We call it as PwCOV. The service generates clinical instructions and process respective information for distributed disease data sets. It follows the business processes and principles of service-oriented computing for each end user request. The assessment methodology illustrates different aspects of service deployment for massive growth of service users. In this study, the PwCOV is observed to be stable up to the stress level of 1700 simultaneous users. The response time of 14.35 s, throughput of 8592 bytes/s, and central processing unit (CPU) utilization of 22.16% with a strong reliability of service execution is observed. However, the reliability of PwCOV execution degrades beyond that execution limit. For 1800 simultaneous users of the service, the response time, throughput and CPU utilization is recorded to be 25.28 s, 15,729 bytes/s, and 39.13%, respectively. During this stress, the service failure rate of 35% is observed. A moderate reliability of 70% of service period is observed for 1800 users. The propose study also discusses the impact of system metric, reliability, and their correlation over the service execution. The statistical analysis is carried out to study the viability, acceptability, applicability of such deployment for COVID-19 disease processing system. The limitation of PwCOV for processing geographically scattered data sets is also discussed.

Data Tagging in Medical Images: A Survey of the State-of-Art

A huge amount of medical data is generated every second, and a significant percentage of the data are images that need to be analyzed and processed. One of the key challenges in this regard is the recovery of the data of medical images. The medical image recovery procedure should be done automatically by the computers that are the method of identifying object concepts and assigning homologous tags to them. To discover the hidden concepts in the medical images, the lowlevel characteristics should be used to achieve high-level concepts and that is a challenging task. In any specific case, it requires human involvement to determine the significance of the image. To allow machine-based reasoning on the medical evidence collected, the data must be accompanied by additional interpretive semantics; a change from a pure data-intensive methodology to a model of evidence rich in semantics. In this state-of-art, data tagging methods related to medical images are surveyed which is an important aspect for the recognition of a huge number of medical images. Different types of tags related to the medical image, prerequisites of medical data tagging, different techniques to develop medical image tags, different medical image tagging algorithms and different tools that are used to create the tags are discussed in this paper. The aim of this state-of-art paper is to produce a summary and a set of guidelines for using the tags for the identification of medical images and to identify the challenges and future research directions of tagging medical images.