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Chen S, Kleiven S, Thiblin I, Li X. Quantitative morphological analysis framework of infant cranial sutures and fontanelles based on CT images. J Anat 2024; 245:377-391. [PMID: 38720634 PMCID: PMC11306764 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the suture morphological variation is a crucial step to investigate the influence of sutures on infant head biomechanics. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive quantitative framework for accurately capturing the cranial suture and fontanelle morphologies in infants. A total of 69 CT scans of 2-4 month-old infant heads were segmented to identify semilandmarks at the borders of cranial sutures and fontanelles. Morphological characteristics, including length, width, sinuosity index (SI), and surface area, were measured. For this, an automatic method was developed to determine the junction points between sutures and fontanelles, and thin-plate-spline (TPS) was utilized for area calculation. Different dimensionality reduction methods were compared, including nonlinear and linear principal component analysis (PCA), as well as deep-learning-based variational autoencoder (VAE). Finally, the significance of various covariates was analyzed, and regression analysis was performed to establish a statistical model relating morphological parameters with global parameters. This study successfully developed a quantitative morphological framework and demonstrate its application in quantifying morphologies of infant sutures and fontanelles, which were shown to significantly relate to global parameters of cranial size, suture SI, and surface area for infants aged 2-4 months. The developed framework proved to be reliable and applicable in extracting infant suture morphology features from CT scans. The demonstrated application highlighted its potential to provide valuable insights into the morphologies of infant cranial sutures and fontanelles, aiding in the diagnosis of suture-related skull fractures. Infant suture, Infant fontanelle, Morphological variation, Morphology analysis framework, Statistical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health SystemsKTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
| | - Svein Kleiven
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health SystemsKTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
| | - Ingemar Thiblin
- Forensic Medicine, Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Xiaogai Li
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health SystemsKTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyHuddingeSweden
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Huang W, Zhang J, Yang L, Hu Y, Leng X, Liu Y, Jin H, Tang Y, Wang J, Liu X, Guo Y, Ye C, Feng Y, Xiang J, Tang L, Du C. Accuracy of intravascular ultrasound-derived virtual fractional flow reserve (FFR) and FFR derived from computed tomography for functional assessment of coronary artery disease. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:64. [PMID: 37370077 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and intravascular ultrasound-derived fractional flow reserve (IVUS-FFR) are two functional assessment methods for coronary stenoses. However, the calculation algorithms for these methods differ significantly. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of CT-FFR and IVUS-FFR using invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the reference standard. METHODS Six hundred and seventy patients (698 lesions) with known or suspected coronary artery disease were screened for this retrospective analysis between January 2020 and July 2021. A total of 40 patients (41 lesions) underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and FFR evaluations within six months after completing coronary CT angiography were included. Two novel CFD-based models (AccuFFRct and AccuFFRivus) were used to compute the CT-FFR and IVUS-FFR values, respectively. The invasive FFR ≤ 0.80 was used as the reference standard for evaluating the diagnostic performance of CT-FFR and IVUS-FFR. RESULTS Both AccuFFRivus and AccuFFRct demonstrated a strong correlation with invasive FFR (R = 0.7913, P < 0.0001; and R = 0.6296, P < 0.0001), and both methods showed good agreement with FFR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.960 (P < 0.001) for AccuFFRivus and 0.897 (P < 0.001) for AccuFFRct in predicting FFR ≤ 0.80. FFR ≤ 0.80 were predicted with high sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (85.7%), and the Youden index (0.823) using the same cutoff value of 0.80 for AccuFFRivus. A good diagnostic performance (sensitivity 89.7%, specificity 85.7%, and Youden index 0.754) was also demonstrated by AccuFFRct. CONCLUSIONS AccuFFRivus, computed from IVUS images, exhibited a high diagnostic performance for detecting myocardial ischemia. It demonstrated better diagnostic power than AccuFFRct, and could serve as an accurate computational tool for ischemia diagnosis and assist in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Huang
- Department of Medicine, The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Hu
- ArteryFlow Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Medicine, The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yitao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lijiang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Changqing Du
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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Li Z, Pang Z, Qiu J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Bai C, Wang Y, Guo Y. Quantification and statistical analysis on the cranial vault morphology for Chinese children 3-10 years old. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 215:106591. [PMID: 34979294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Head injury is the leading cause of fatalities and disabilities in children. Characterizing the variation in cranial size/shape and thickness during growth is important for developing finite element models of child heads and evaluating head injury risk at different ages. However, the quantitative morphological features of the cranial vault (size/shape and non-uniform thickness distribution) have not been accounted for in children aged between 3 and 10 years old (YO). METHODS Geometrically equivalent discrete points were identified on 42 head CT scans of 3-10 YO children by separation, curve dividing, and point fitting. Based on discrete points, the principal component analysis and regression (PCA&R) method was used to develop a statistical model of the cranial vault as a function of age and head circumference. RESULTS The ontogeny of three-dimensional cranial morphology and non-uniform thickness from 3 to 10 years of age was quantified and cranial vault morphologies for 3-10 YO children were generated in 1 year intervals. CONCLUSIONS The automatic method, the procedure of identifying discrete points from CT scans, and the developed quantitative cranial vault model are reliable and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Measuring and Control Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Ziqiang Pang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinlong Qiu
- Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, PLA, 400042, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, China Aircraft Strength Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Chunyu Bai
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, China Aircraft Strength Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, China Aircraft Strength Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yazhou Guo
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, China Aircraft Strength Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
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