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Sreenivas K, Rao CN, Khan FA. Intramolecular CH-Hydrogen Bonding During the Dissociation of the Oxaphosphetane Intermediate Facilitates Z/E-Selectivity in Wittig Olefination. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300171. [PMID: 38060831 PMCID: PMC10924042 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, DFT studies corroborating experimental results revealed that the shortest intramolecular hydrogen bonding distance of cis/trans-oxaphosphetane (OPA) oxygen with the CH-hydrogen of a triphenylphosphine phenyl ring provides good evidence for the attained olefin Z/E-selectivity in Wittig olefination of the studied examples. 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitro-3-bromobenzaldehyde, 2-nitro-5-bromobenzaldehyde and 2-nitro-5-arylbenzaldehydes provided Z-nitrostilbenes with (2-chloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride as the major products. However, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-nitro-6-bromobenzaldehydes furnished E-nitrostilbenes as the major products in high yields. Furthermore, the DFT computed intramolecular CH1/CH2-hydrogen bond distances with Cl/NO2 of selected stilbene derivatives were in good agreement with intramolecular hydrogen bond distances measured from single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukkamudi Sreenivas
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad KandiSangareddyTelangana502 285India
| | - Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC-29208USA
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, KandiSangareddyTelangana502 285India
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Tasić M, Ruiz-Soriano A, Strand D. Copper(I) Catalyzed Decarboxylative Synthesis of Diareno[ a, e]cyclooctatetraenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7501-7508. [PMID: 35587005 PMCID: PMC9490866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Diareno[a,e]cyclooctatetraenes
find widespread applications as building blocks, ligands, and responsive
cores in topologically switchable materials. However, current synthetic
methods to these structures suffer from low yields or operational
disadvantages. Here, we describe a practical three-step approach to
diareno[a,e]cyclooctatetraenes using
an efficient copper(I) catalyzed double decarboxylation as the key
step. The sequence relies on cheap and abundant reagents, is readily
performed on scale, and is amenable also to unsymmetrical derivatives
that expand the utility of this intriguing class of structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tasić
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Albert Ruiz-Soriano
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Filippini D, Silvi M. Visible light-driven conjunctive olefination. Nat Chem 2021; 14:66-70. [PMID: 34737455 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids and aldehydes are ubiquitous in chemistry and are native functionalities in many bioactive molecules and natural products. As such, a general cross-coupling process that involves these partners would open new avenues to achieve molecular diversity. Here we report a visible-light-mediated and transition metal-free conjunctive olefination that uses an alkene 'linchpin' with a defined geometry to cross-couple complex molecular scaffolds that contain carboxylic acids and aldehydes. The chemistry merges two cornerstones of organic synthesis-namely, the Wittig reaction and photoredox catalysis-in a catalytic cycle that couples a radical addition process with the redox generation of a phosphonium ylide. The methodology allows the rapid structural diversification of bioactive molecules and natural products in a native form, with a high functional group tolerance, and also forges a new alkene functional group with a programmable E-Z stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Filippini
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mattia Silvi
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Soengas RG, Rodríguez-Solla H. Modern Synthetic Methods for the Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Dienes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020249. [PMID: 33418882 PMCID: PMC7825119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,3-butadiene motif is widely found in many natural products and drug candidates with relevant biological activities. Moreover, dienes are important targets for synthetic chemists, due to their ability to give access to a wide range of functional group transformations, including a broad range of C-C bond-forming processes. Therefore, the stereoselective preparation of dienes have attracted much attention over the past decades, and the search for new synthetic protocols continues unabated. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the diverse methodologies that have emerged in the last decade, with a focus on the synthetic processes that meet the requirements of efficiency and sustainability of modern organic chemistry.
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Yang L, Matsuyama H, Zhang S, Terada M, Jin T. Tandem Oxidative Ring Expansion for Synthesis of Dibenzocyclooctaphenanthrenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:5121-5125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tienan Jin
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Gong D, Hu B, Yang W, Kong D, Xia H, Chen D. A Bidentate Ru(II)-NC Complex as a Catalyst for Semihydrogenation of Alkynes to (E)-Alkenes with Ethanol. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Gong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Degong Kong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
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Han Y, Jin Y, Jiang M, Yang H, Fu H. Photocatalyst-Free Visible-Light Photoredox Dearomatization of Phenol Derivatives Containing Ketoximes: An Easy Access to Spiropyrrolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:1799-1803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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