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Kim H, Won Y, Song HW, Kwon Y, Jun M, Oh JH. Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Bioelectronic Sensors: Materials and Operation Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306191. [PMID: 38148583 PMCID: PMC11251567 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) has gained significant attention due to their ability to transport both electrons and ions, making them promising candidates for various applications. Initially focused on inorganic materials, the exploration of mixed conduction has expanded to organic materials, especially polymers, owing to their advantages such as solution processability, flexibility, and property tunability. OMIECs, particularly in the form of polymers, possess both electronic and ionic transport functionalities. This review provides an overview of OMIECs in various aspects covering mechanisms of charge transport including electronic transport, ionic transport, and ionic-electronic coupling, as well as conducting/semiconducting conjugated polymers and their applications in organic bioelectronics, including (multi)sensors, neuromorphic devices, and electrochromic devices. OMIECs show promise in organic bioelectronics due to their compatibility with biological systems and the ability to modulate electronic conduction and ionic transport, resembling the principles of biological systems. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on OMIECs offer significant potential for bioelectronic applications, responding to external stimuli through modulation of ionic transport. An in-depth review of recent research achievements in organic bioelectronic applications using OMIECs, categorized based on physical and chemical stimuli as well as neuromorphic devices and circuit applications, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwook Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Song
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Jun
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
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DiPalo VA, Ahmad R, Ebralidze II, Mapue ND, Easton EB, Zenkina OV. Nonconventional Symmetric Double-Side Electrochromic Devices Employing a Nafion Conductive Layer to Unlock Superior Durability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1082-1095. [PMID: 38148284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a methodology to create an effective novel double-sided symmetric architecture of solid-state electrochromic devices. This principally new nonconventional configuration provides access to novel electrochromic systems that could be applicable for the creation of smart double-side signage, smart boards, nonemissive displays, and other smart interactive devices that change their color upon application of a voltage. The proposed configuration is based on the assembly of two identical electrochromic materials facing each other through an opaque optical separator. As a proof of concept, we use an electrochromic material based on bis(4'-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) iron complex, covalently immobilized on screen-printed surface-extended ITO support. The symmetric configuration allows for a drastic enhancement of the overall stability of the device due to both attenuation of the counter electrode polarization and minimization of electrolyte decomposition. A nontransparent ion-permeable separator, in turn, allows observing the color change of only one of the electrodes by cutting off the optical contribution of the electrode located behind it. Further functionalization of the electrochromic material with a thin layer of Nafion is a beneficial strategy to significantly boost up long-term durability of the devices. Applying a layer of Nafion to the electrochromic material results in an increase in ionic conductivity within the device and ensures better retention of electrochromic molecules on the surface, thus minimizing device decomposition during long-term electrochemical cycling. An electrochromic device that bears Nafion-functionalized electrodes can operate (i) in the dual-side mode, where both sides demonstrate effective electrochromic performance; or (ii) in a one-side manner, where only one side of the device changes color. Notably, when operating in the one-side mode, the device withstands 70,000 cycles, after which the performance of the device can be resumed by simply turning the device to the other side (via switching the polarity of the electrodes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria-Ann DiPalo
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Rana Ahmad
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Iraklii I Ebralidze
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie D Mapue
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - E Bradley Easton
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
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Thummavichai K, Nguyen THQ, Longo G, Qiang D, Zoppi G, Schlettwein D, Maiello P, Fleck N, Wang N, Zhu Y. Effect of metal dopants on the electrochromic performance of hydrothermally-prepared tungsten oxide materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35457-35467. [PMID: 38115985 PMCID: PMC10728781 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) glass has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency in buildings by controlling the amount of light and heat that the building exchanges with its exterior. However, the development of EC materials is still hindered by key challenges such as slow switching time, low coloration efficiency, short cycling lifetime, and material degradation. Metal doping is a promising technique to enhance the performance of metal oxide-based EC materials, where adding a small amount of metal into the host material can lead to lattice distortion, a variation of oxygen vacancies, and a shorter ion transfer path during the insertion and de-insertion process. In this study, we investigated the effects of niobium, gadolinium, and erbium doping on tungsten oxide using a single-step solvothermal technique. Our results demonstrate that both insertion and de-insertion current density of a doped sample can be significantly enhanced by metal elements, with an improvement of about 5, 4 and 3.5 times for niobium, gadolinium and erbium doped tungsten oxide, respectively compared to a pure tungsten oxide sample. Moreover, the colouration efficiency increased by 16, 9 and 24% when doping with niobium, gadolinium and erbium, respectively. These findings suggest that metal doping is a promising technique for improving the performance of EC materials and can pave the way for the development of more efficient EC glass for building applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyapat Thummavichai
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Thi Hai Quyen Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Dayuan Qiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey GU2 7XH Surrey UK
| | - Guillaume Zoppi
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Derck Schlettwein
- Institute of Applied Physics, Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Pietro Maiello
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Nicole Fleck
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University NE1 8ST Newcastle UK
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University 530004 Nanning China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter EX4 4QF Exeter UK
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Niu Y, Mao Y, Cheng W. Amorphous Mixed-Vanadium-Tungsten Oxide Films as Optically Passive Ion Storage Materials for Solid-State Near-Infrared Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7120-7128. [PMID: 36716357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) electrochromic (EC) devices that selectively modulate the NIR light without affecting the daylight represent a promising window technology for saving energy consumption of buildings. Current research efforts have been focused on developing NIR-EC materials, while little attention has been directed to the optically passive ion storage materials that are crucial for balancing charges in a full NIR-EC device. Herein, we report that amorphous phase mixed-vanadium-tungsten oxide films exhibit minimum optical change with high ion storage capacity, which enables the usage of the mixed-metal oxides as optically passive counter electrode materials for NIR-EC devices. The mixed-vanadium-tungsten oxide films are synthesized by a room-temperature solution-based photodeposition method that allows us to precisely engineer the metal compositions and thicknesses of the mixed-metal oxide films, thus optimizing their optical inertness and ion storage capability. A solid-state NIR-EC device assembled with the mixed-vanadium-tungsten oxide film as an ion storage layer and the amorphous tungsten oxide hydrate as the NIR-EC layer shows fast response speed with cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles, proving the outstanding charge balancing capability of mixed-metal oxide. Our work provides an efficient strategy for developing optically passive ion storage films with high ion storage capability for high-performance EC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics Fibers (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wuxi Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yutong Niu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuliang Mao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics Fibers (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China
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The Effect of Transparent Conducting Oxide Films on WO 3-Based Electrochromic Devices with Conducting Polymer Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15010238. [PMID: 36616586 PMCID: PMC9823764 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, electrochromism has been a prominent topic in energy-saving applications, which is based on the mechanism of altering the optical transmittance of EC materials under the effect of a small applied voltage. Thus, tungsten oxide (WO3) is a significant chemical compound typically applied in electrochromic devices (ECDs) as it is responsible for the optical transmittance variation. In this work, the WO3 films were produced through a sol-gel spin-coating method. The effect of various transparent conducting oxides (TCOs, which are indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)) was investigated in the construction of ECDs. Based on a conducting polymer polypyrene carbonate electrolyte, ITO and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)-coated glasses were also examined as counter electrodes. The electrode combination employing FTO and ITO as the TCO and counter electrode, respectively, exhibited the most significant coloration efficiency of 72.53 cm2/C. It had coloring and bleaching transmittance of 14% and 56%, respectively, with a large optical modulation of 42%. In addition to that, ECDs with the AZO counter electrode have the advantage of lower intercalation charges compared to ITO and FTO. Hence, this research offers a new avenue for understanding the role of common TCO and counter electrodes in the development of WO3-based ECDs with conducting polymer electrolytes.
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Zhao W, Wang J, Tam B, Pei P, Li F, Xie A, Cheng W. Macroporous Vanadium Oxide Ion Storage Films Enable Fast Switching Speed and High Cycling Stability of Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30021-30028. [PMID: 35735221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the significant effort dedicated toward developing efficient electrochromic materials for the working electrodes of electrochromic (EC) devices, the attention paid to developing ion storage counter electrode materials for EC devices has been trivial. Herein, we report that a macroporous crystalline V2O5 film as an ion storage layer paired with a WO3 working electrode results in an EC device with high performance. The macroporous vanadium oxide films are prepared by a simple template-free photodeposition method that allows us to tune the thickness and crystallinity of the film, thus giving access to a full EC device with optimal EC performance: short response time of about 2 s, high electrochromic cycling stability up to 10,000 times, long memory effect over 24 h, and an exceedingly high coloration efficiency of 189 cm2/C that are superior to the state-of-the-art performance of solution-processed vanadium oxide based EC devices. The extraordinary EC performance can be attributed to the macroporous structure, high crystallinity, and optimized thickness of the vanadium oxide films that boost the charge-balancing capability of the films. The easy and controllable preparation and the efficient charge-balancing capability of the macroporous vanadium oxide film make it a promising ion storage material for developing high-performance EC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxi Zhao
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Brian Tam
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Peng Pei
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fuzhong Li
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - An Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Fletcher‐Charles J, Ferreira RR, Abraham M, Romito D, Oppel M, González L, Bonifazi D. Oxygen‐Doped PAH Electrochromes: Difurano, Dipyrano, and Furano‐Pyrano Containing Naphthalene‐Cored Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Abraham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Deborah Romito
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
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A Self-Bleaching Electrochromic Mirror Based on Metal Organic Frameworks. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112771. [PMID: 34073658 PMCID: PMC8197070 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be the most promising positive anode materials to store charge for electrochromic devices. Nevertheless, a detailed mechanism of the electrochemical and ions storage process has not yet been revealed. Herein, the electrochemical mechanism of the highly porous ZIF-67 films and the electrochromic performance of electrochromic mirrors constructed from ZIF-67 and WO3 electrodes were investigated. The mechanism of the charge storage was revealed in the kinetic analysis of the Li-ion behavior based on the cyclic voltammetry curves and electrochemical impedance spectra. Impressively, the electrochromic mirrors with the self-bleaching effect and self-discharge behavior showed a unique electrochromic performance, such as a high coloration efficiency of 16.47 cm2 C−1 and a maximum reflectance modulation of 30.10% at 650 nm. This work provides a fundamental understanding of MOFs for applications in electrochromic devices and can also promote the exploration of novel electrode materials for high-performance reflective electrochromic devices.
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Li H, Zhang W, Elezzabi AY. Transparent Zinc-Mesh Electrodes for Solar-Charging Electrochromic Windows. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003574. [PMID: 32954551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Newly born zinc-anode-based electrochromic devices (ZECDs), incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions in a single transparent platform, represent the most promising technology for next-generation transparent electronics. As the existing ZECDs are limited by opaque zinc anodes, the key focus should be on the development of transparent zinc anodes. Here, the first demonstration of a flexible transparent zinc-mesh electrode is reported for a ZECD window that yields a remarkable electrochromic performance in an 80 cm2 device, including rapid switching times (3.6 and 2.5 s for the coloration and bleaching processes, respectively), a high optical contrast (67.2%), and an excellent coloration efficiency (131.5 cm2 C-1 ). It is also demonstrated that such ZECDs are perfectly suited for solar-charging smart windows as they inherently address the solar intermittency issue. These windows can be colored via solar charging during the day, and they can be bleached during the night by supplying electrical energy to electronic devices. The ZECD smart window platform can be scaled to a large area while retaining its excellent electrochromic characteristics. These findings represent a new technology for solar-charging windows and open new opportunities for the development of next-generation transparent batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizeng Li
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Abdulhakem Y Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
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Bai Z, Li R, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Transparent Metal-Organic Framework-Based Gel Electrolytes for Generalized Assembly of Quasi-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42955-42961. [PMID: 32869642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrolytes under gel/solid states have been widely used for electrochemical devices recently due to their designable metal centers/ligands and diffusion channels in the porous structures. Therefore, it is always desired to apply the MOF-based electrolytes in electrochromic (EC) fields. Yet, challenges exist in realizing their high optical transparency to satisfy the unique optical requirements of EC devices. Herein, a transparent MOF-based gel electrolyte (MGE) is demonstrated through the incorporation of 2-methylimidazole among MOF nanocrystals to prevent the strong light scattering of MOF nanocrystals. As a result, the gel electrolyte showed an improved average transmittance of ca. 82.2% compared with the MOF electrolytes without 2-methylimidazole (ca. 59.2%). In addition, because of the designed large channels in the porous MOF structure, the gel electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 2.66 × 10-3 S cm-1. At last, we used the transparent MGEs to assemble two types (rigid and flexible) of quasi-solid-state EC devices based on inorganic WO3 and organic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), respectively. Both devices showed great EC performances, and the flexible devices exhibited high mechanical stability under the bending state or even after being cut and punched, advancing the general applications of our transparent MGEs in EC fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585 Singapore
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Unveiling mechanical degradation for a monolithic electrochromic device: Glass/ITO/WO3/LiClO4 (PEO)/TiO2/ITO/glass. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang T, Cao S, Yao Q, Lin H, Ye H, Fisher A, Lee JY. Dual-Band Electrochromic Devices with a Transparent Conductive Capacitive Charge-Balancing Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48062-48070. [PMID: 31790202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dual-band electrochromic devices (DBEDs), which can selectively modulate near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) light transmittance through electrochromism, have gained increasing interest as a building energy saving technology. The technology is strongly dependent on the progress in electrochromic materials. Most current research has focused on the dual-band properties of the cathode materials, leaving the charge-balancing anode materials under-explored by comparison. This is a report of our study on the suitability of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanocrystals (NCs) as a capacitive anode material for DBEDs. The ITO NCs are electrically conductive and VIS light transparent throughout the device operating range. As a result, they would not affect the NIR-selective modulation of the electrochromic device like most other anode materials do. The high surface area and good conductivity of the ITO NCs facilitate the adsorption/desorption of anions; thereby increasing their effectiveness as an ion storage thin film on the anode to balance the cathode charge. The best DBED prototype assembled from an ITO NC anode and a WO3-x cathode showed effective and independent control of VIS light and NIR transmittance with high optical modulation (71.1% at 633 nm, 58.1% at 1200 nm), high coloration efficiency (95 cm2 C-1 at 633 nm, 220 cm2 C-1 at 1200 nm), fast switching speed, good bistability, and cycle stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
| | - Tianran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
| | - Haibin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
| | - Hualin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge CB3 0AS , United Kingdom
| | - Jim Yang Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent , Singapore 119260 , Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
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