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Zhou H, Li I, Bramlett CS, Wang B, Hao J, Yen DP, Ando Y, Fraser SE, Lu R, Shen K. Label-free metabolic optical biomarkers track stem cell fate transition in real time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi6770. [PMID: 38718114 PMCID: PMC11078180 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Tracking stem cell fate transition is crucial for understanding their development and optimizing biomanufacturing. Destructive single-cell methods provide a pseudotemporal landscape of stem cell differentiation but cannot monitor stem cell fate in real time. We established a metabolic optical metric using label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), feature extraction and machine learning-assisted analysis, for real-time cell fate tracking. From a library of 205 metabolic optical biomarker (MOB) features, we identified 56 associated with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation. These features collectively describe HSC fate transition and detect its bifurcate lineage choice. We further derived a MOB score measuring the "metabolic stemness" of single cells and distinguishing their division patterns. This score reveals a distinct role of asymmetric division in rescuing stem cells with compromised metabolic stemness and a unique mechanism of PI3K inhibition in promoting ex vivo HSC maintenance. MOB profiling is a powerful tool for tracking stem cell fate transition and improving their biomanufacturing from a single-cell perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Irene Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Charles S. Bramlett
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jia Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Daniel P. Yen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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2
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Han H, Chen BT, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xing L, Wang H, Zhou TJ, Jiang HL. Engineered stem cell-based strategy: A new paradigm of next-generation stem cell product in regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2024; 365:981-1003. [PMID: 38123072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have garnered significant attention in regenerative medicine owing to their abilities of multi-directional differentiation and self-renewal. Despite these encouraging results, the market for stem cell products yields limited, which is largely due to the challenges faced to the safety and viability of stem cells in vivo. Besides, the fate of cells re-infusion into the body unknown is also a major obstacle to stem cell therapy. Actually, both the functional protection and the fate tracking of stem cells are essential in tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. Recent studies have utilized cell engineering techniques to modify stem cells for enhancing their treatment efficiency or imparting them with novel biological capabilities, in which advances demonstrate the immense potential of engineered cell therapy. In this review, we proposed that the "engineered stem cells" are expected to represent the next generation of stem cell therapies and reviewed recent progress in this area. We also discussed potential applications of engineered stem cells and highlighted the most common challenges that must be addressed. Overall, this review has important guiding significance for the future design of new paradigms of stem cell products to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bi-Te Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Abstract
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA;
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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4
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Gilchrist AE, Harley BA. Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102130. [PMID: 34936239 PMCID: PMC8986554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long-term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche-associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell-cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell-secreted factors, and cell-mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model-based experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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5
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Teranikar T, Lim J, Ijaseun T, Lee J. Development of Planar Illumination Strategies for Solving Mysteries in the Sub-Cellular Realm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031643. [PMID: 35163562 PMCID: PMC8835835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical microscopy has vastly expanded the frontiers of structural and functional biology, due to the non-invasive probing of dynamic volumes in vivo. However, traditional widefield microscopy illuminating the entire field of view (FOV) is adversely affected by out-of-focus light scatter. Consequently, standard upright or inverted microscopes are inept in sampling diffraction-limited volumes smaller than the optical system's point spread function (PSF). Over the last few decades, several planar and structured (sinusoidal) illumination modalities have offered unprecedented access to sub-cellular organelles and 4D (3D + time) image acquisition. Furthermore, these optical sectioning systems remain unaffected by the size of biological samples, providing high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios for objective lenses (OLs) with long working distances (WDs). This review aims to guide biologists regarding planar illumination strategies, capable of harnessing sub-micron spatial resolution with a millimeter depth of penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juhyun Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-272-6534; Fax: +1-817-272-2251
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Hao J, Zhou H, Nemes K, Yen D, Zhao W, Bramlett C, Wang B, Lu R, Shen K. Membrane-bound SCF and VCAM-1 synergistically regulate the morphology of hematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212562. [PMID: 34402812 PMCID: PMC8374872 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound factors expressed by niche stromal cells constitute a unique class of localized cues and regulate the long-term functions of adult stem cells, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we used a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) to recapitulate the membrane-bound interactions between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and niche stromal cells. HSCs cluster membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) at the HSC-SLB interface. They further form a polarized morphology with aggregated mSCF under a large protrusion through a synergy with VCAM-1 on the bilayer, which drastically enhances HSC adhesion. These features are unique to mSCF and HSCs among the factors and hematopoietic populations we examined. The mSCF-VCAM-1 synergy and the polarized HSC morphology require PI3K signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. The synergy also enhances nuclear retention of FOXO3a, a crucial factor for HSC maintenance, and minimizes its loss induced by soluble SCF. Our work thus reveals a unique role and signaling mechanism of membrane-bound factors in regulating stem cell morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristen Nemes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel Yen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Winfield Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Charles Bramlett
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Qian T, Heaster TM, Houghtaling AR, Sun K, Samimi K, Skala MC. Label-free imaging for quality control of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4580. [PMID: 34321477 PMCID: PMC8319125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes provide a promising regenerative cell therapy for cardiovascular patients and an important model system to accelerate drug discovery. However, cost-effective and time-efficient platforms must be developed to evaluate the quality of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes during biomanufacturing. Here, we develop a non-invasive label-free live cell imaging platform to predict the efficiency of hPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Autofluorescence imaging of metabolic co-enzymes is performed under varying differentiation conditions (cell density, concentration of Wnt signaling activator) across five hPSC lines. Live cell autofluorescence imaging and multivariate classification models provide high accuracy to separate low (< 50%) and high (≥ 50%) differentiation efficiency groups (quantified by cTnT expression on day 12) within 1 day after initiating differentiation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.91). This non-invasive and label-free method could be used to avoid batch-to-batch and line-to-line variability in cell manufacturing from hPSCs. Differentiation of hPSCs to cardiomyocytes suffers from high variability. Here the authors report a label-free live cell imaging platform based on autofluorescence imaging to enable the prediction of cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany M Heaster
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kexin Sun
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Martirosian V, Deshpande K, Zhou H, Shen K, Smith K, Northcott P, Lin M, Stepanosyan V, Das D, Remsik J, Isakov D, Boire A, De Feyter H, Hurth K, Li S, Wiemels J, Nakamura B, Shao L, Danilov C, Chen T, Neman J. Medulloblastoma uses GABA transaminase to survive in the cerebrospinal fluid microenvironment and promote leptomeningeal dissemination. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109302. [PMID: 34192534 PMCID: PMC8848833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor arising in the cerebellum. Although abnormal GABAergic receptor activation has been described in MB, studies have not yet elucidated the contribution of receptor-independent GABA metabolism to MB pathogenesis. We find primary MB tumors globally display decreased expression of GABA transaminase (ABAT), the protein responsible for GABA metabolism, compared with normal cerebellum. However, less aggressive WNT and SHH subtypes express higher ABAT levels compared with metastatic G3 and G4 tumors. We show that elevated ABAT expression results in increased GABA catabolism, decreased tumor cell proliferation, and induction of metabolic and histone characteristics mirroring GABAergic neurons. Our studies suggest ABAT expression fluctuates depending on metabolite changes in the tumor microenvironment, with nutrient-poor conditions upregulating ABAT expression. We find metastatic MB cells require ABAT to maintain viability in the metabolite-scarce cerebrospinal fluid by using GABA as an energy source substitute, thereby facilitating leptomeningeal metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahan Martirosian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Krutika Deshpande
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kyle Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vazgen Stepanosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Diganta Das
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jan Remsik
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Danielle Isakov
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henk De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kyle Hurth
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Joseph Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brooke Nakamura
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Camelia Danilov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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9
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Huang Q, Garrett A, Bose S, Blocker S, Rios AC, Clevers H, Shen X. The frontier of live tissue imaging across space and time. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:603-622. [PMID: 33798422 PMCID: PMC8034393 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
What you see is what you get-imaging techniques have long been essential for visualization and understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration, which are driven by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Advances in molecular and tissue modeling techniques in the last decade are providing new imaging modalities to explore tissue heterogeneity and plasticity. Here we describe current state-of-the-art imaging modalities for tissue research at multiple scales, with a focus on explaining key tradeoffs such as spatial resolution, penetration depth, capture time/frequency, and moieties. We explore emerging tissue modeling and molecular tools that improve resolution, specificity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie Blocker
- Center for In Vitro Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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10
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Zhang X, Mariano CF, Ando Y, Shen K. Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1510. [PMID: 33073545 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the central coordinator and executor of many immune functions. The activation and function of T lymphocytes are mediated through the engagement of cell surface receptors and regulated by a myriad of intracellular signaling network. Bioengineering tools, including imaging modalities and fluorescent probes, have been developed and employed to elucidate the cellular events throughout the functional lifespan of T cells. A better understanding of these events can broaden our knowledge in the immune systems biology, as well as accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and immunotherapies. Here we review the commonly used and recently developed techniques and probes for monitoring T lymphocyte intracellular events, following the order of intracellular events in T cells from activation, signaling, metabolism to apoptosis. The techniques introduced here can be broadly applied to other immune cells and cell systems. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsea F Mariano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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