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Yang TI, Hui YY, Lo JI, Huang YW, Lee YY, Cheng BM, Chang HC. Imaging Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Using Nanodiamonds with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9811-9816. [PMID: 37708490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation with wavelengths of 10-121 nm has drawn considerable attention recently for its use in photolithography to fabricate nanoelectronic chips. This study demonstrates, for the first time, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as scintillators to image and characterize EUV radiations. The FNDs employed are ∼100 nm in size; they form a uniform and stable thin film on an indium-tin-oxide-coated slide by electrospray deposition. The film is nonhygroscopic and photostable and can emit bright red fluorescence from NV0 centers when excited by EUV light. An FND-based imaging device has been developed and applied for beam diagnostics of 50 nm and 13.5 nm synchrotron radiations, achieving a spatial resolution of 30 μm using a film of ∼1 μm thickness. The noise equivalent power density is 29 μW/(cm2 Hz1/2) for the 13.5 nm radiation. The method is generally applicable to imaging EUV radiation from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-I Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yuen Yung Hui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Iu Lo
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien City 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu City 300092, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ming Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien City 970, Taiwan
- Tzu-Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 970, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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2
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Yu M, Zhang F, Gao W, Shen H, Kang L, Ju L, Yin H. Two-dimensional InTeClO 3: an ultrawide-bandgap material with potential application in a deep ultraviolet photodetector. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29241-29248. [PMID: 37874031 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrawide-bandgap semiconductors, possessing bandgaps distinctly larger than the 3.4 eV of GaN, have emerged as a promising class capable of achieving deep ultraviolet (UV) light detection. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose an unexplored two-dimensional (2D) InTeClO3 layered system with ultrawide bandgaps ranging from 4.34 eV of bulk to 4.54 eV of monolayer. Our calculations demonstrate that 2D InTeClO3 monolayer can be exfoliated from its bulk counterpart and maintain good thermal and dynamic stability at room temperature. The ultrawide bandgaps may be modulated by the small in-plane strains and layer thickness in a certain range. Furthermore, the 2D InTeClO3 monolayer shows promising electron transport behavior and strong optical absorption capacity in the deep UV range. A two-probe InTeClO3-based photodetection device has been constructed for evaluating the photocurrent. Remarkably, the effective photocurrent (5.7 A m-2 at photon energy of 4.2 eV) generation under polarized light has been observed in such a photodetector. Our results indicate that 2D InTeClO3 systems have strong photoresponse capacity in the deep UV region, accompanying the remarkable polarization sensitivity and high extinction ratio. These distinctive characteristics highlight the promising application prospects of InTeClO3 materials in the field of deep UV optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Yu
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Fumin Zhang
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenjiang Gao
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Huimin Shen
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lili Kang
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lin Ju
- School of Physics and Electric Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Huabing Yin
- Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Computational Materials Science, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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3
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Huang S, Lin J, Lin X, Wang Z, Xie Y, Chen X, Kong X, Zheng W, Hu Q. Application of Graphene-Combined Rare-Earth Oxide (Sm 2O 3) in Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37649-37657. [PMID: 37490695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth oxide Sm2O3 is theoretically expected to be used in the preparation of ultraviolet (UV) detectors with low dark currents and high radiation resistance due to its characteristics of a wide bandgap, a high dielectric constant, and high chemical stability. However, certain features that rare-earth oxides possess, such as high resistivity and weak photoelectric response currents, have hindered relevant research on these kinds of materials in the field of UV detection. In this work, a p-Gr/i-Sm2O3/n-SiC heterojunction photovoltaic solar-blind UV sensor was constructed for the first time. Because of the high mobility of graphene (Gr) and the contribution of double built-in electric fields in the heterojunction, the collection efficiency of photogenerated carriers has been greatly improved, with the typical shortcomings of high resistivity and poor photoelectric response performance of rare-earth oxides having been overcome. This detector has exhibited outstanding performance at 0 V, including a responsivity of 19.8 mA/W and an open-circuit voltage of 0.68 V. Additionally, this detector has a detectivity as high as 1.2 × 1011 jones, which is at the front position of most ultraviolet detectors. The fabrication of this high-performance Sm2O3-based photovoltaic UV detector has broadened the application fields of rare-earth oxide semiconductors. Therefore, this project has important value for future research in relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiuyu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuanyu Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiangzeng Kong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qichang Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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4
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Sabrin S, Karmokar DK, Karmakar NC, Hong SH, Habibullah H, Szili EJ. Opportunities of Electronic and Optical Sensors in Autonomous Medical Plasma Technologies. ACS Sens 2023; 8:974-993. [PMID: 36897225 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature plasma technology is proving to be at the frontier of emerging medical technologies with real potential to overcome escalating healthcare challenges including antimicrobial and anticancer resistance. However, significant improvements in efficacy, safety, and reproducibility of plasma treatments need to be addressed to realize the full clinical potential of the technology. To improve plasma treatments recent research has focused on integrating automated feedback control systems into medical plasma technologies to maintain optimal performance and safety. However, more advanced diagnostic systems are still needed to provide data into feedback control systems with sufficient levels of sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. These diagnostic systems need to be compatible with the biological target and to also not perturb the plasma treatment. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art electronic and optical sensors that might be suitable to address this unmet technological need, and the steps needed to integrate these sensors into autonomous plasma systems. Realizing this technological gap could facilitate the development of next-generation medical plasma technologies with strong potential to yield superior healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumyea Sabrin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Debabrata K Karmokar
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Nemai C Karmakar
- Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sung-Ha Hong
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Habibullah Habibullah
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Endre J Szili
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Hu J, Chen J, Ma T, Li Z, Hu J, Ma T, Li Z. Research advances in ZnO nanomaterials-based UV photode tectors: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:232002. [PMID: 36848670 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbf59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) have always been the research focus of semiconductor optoelectronic devices due to their wide application fields and diverse compositions. As one of the best-known n-type metal oxides in third-generation semiconductor electronic devices, ZnO nanostructures and their assembly with other materials have received extensive research. In this paper, the research progress of different types of ZnO UV PDs is reviewed, and the effects of different nanostructures on ZnO UV PDs are summarized in detail. In addition, physical effects such as piezoelectric photoelectric effect, pyroelectric effect, and three ways of heterojunction, noble metal local surface plasmon resonance enhancement and formation of ternary metal oxides on the performance of ZnO UV PDs were also investigated. The applications of these PDs in UV sensing, wearable devices, and optical communication are displayed. Finally, the possible opportunities and challenges for the future development of ZnO UV PDs are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Hu
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Displaying Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - J Hu
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - T Ma
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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Alwadai N, Alharbi Z, Alreshidi F, Mitra S, Xin B, Alamoudi H, Upadhyaya K, Hedhili MN, Roqan IS. Enhanced Photoresponsivity UV-C Photodetectors Using a p-n Junction Based on Ultra-Wide-Band Gap Sn-Doped β-Ga 2O 3 Microflake/MnO Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12127-12136. [PMID: 36808944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solar-blind self-powered UV-C photodetectors suffer from low performance, while heterostructure-based devices require complex fabrication and lack p-type wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) operating in the UV-C region (<290 nm). In this work, we mitigate the aforementioned issues by demonstrating a facile fabrication process for a high-responsivity solar-blind self-powered UV-C photodetector based on a p-n WBGS heterojunction structure, operating under ambient conditions. Here, heterojunction structures based on p-type and n-type ultra-wide band gap WBGSs (i.e. both are characterized by energy gap ≥4.5 eV) are demonstrated for the first time; mainly p-type solution-processed manganese oxide quantum dots (MnO QDs) and n-type Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 microflakes. Highly crystalline p-type MnO QDs are synthesized using cost-effective and facile pulsed femtosecond laser ablation in ethanol (FLAL), while the n-type Ga2O3 microflakes are prepared by exfoliation. The solution-processed QDs are uniformly dropcasted on the exfoliated Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 microflakes to fabricate a p-n heterojunction photodetector, resulting in excellent solar-blind UV-C photoresponse characteristics (with a cutoff at ∼265 nm) being demonstrated. Further analyses using XPS demonstrate the good band alignment between p-type MnO QDs and n-type β-Ga2O3 microflakes with a type-II heterojunction. Superior photoresponsivity (922 A/W) is obtained under bias, while the self-powered responsivity is ∼86.9 mA/W. The fabrication strategy adopted in this study will provide a cost-effective means for the development of flexible and highly efficient UV-C devices suitable for energy-saving large-scale fixable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alwadai
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohoor Alharbi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alreshidi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somak Mitra
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Xin
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alamoudi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kishor Upadhyaya
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Nanofabrication Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman S Roqan
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Xu C, Lan L, Wang Z, Lv P, Zheng W. Narrow-Band Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Detectors Based on AlSnO Films with Tunable Band Gap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12017-12023. [PMID: 36802461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor materials with sufficiently wide band gaps are urgently desired for use in solar-blind ultraviolet detectors. In this work, the growth of AlSnO films was achieved through the magnetron sputtering technique. AlSnO films with band gaps in the range of 4.40-5.43 eV were obtained by varying the growth process, which demonstrates that the band gap of AlSnO is continuously tunable. What is more, based on the films prepared, narrow-band solar-blind ultraviolet detectors were fabricated with good solar-blind ultraviolet spectral selectivity, excellent detectivity, and narrow full widths at half-maximum in the response spectra, showing a great potential to be applied to solar-blind ultraviolet narrow-band detection. Therefore, based on the results above, this study focusing on the fabrication of detectors via band gap engineering can be a significant reference for researchers interested in solar-blind ultraviolet detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - LiLi Lan
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Lv
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
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8
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Anbarasan N, Sadhasivam S, Jeganathan K. Ultrasensitive self-powered heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector of p-GaN nanowires on Si by halide chemical vapour deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:135201. [PMID: 36584385 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acaf36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the fabrication of quasi-aligned p-GaN nanowires (NWs) on n-Si (1 1 1) substrate by halide chemical vapour deposition (HCVD) using MgCl2precursor and followed by low-energy electron beam irradiation to activate the Mg acceptor doping in GaN NWs. We aimed to attain a comprehensive understanding of p-doping in GaN NWs growth, extensive characterizations and fabrication of UV photodetector (PDs) based on p-GaN NWs/n-Si heterojunction. To realize the efficient UV photodetectors, we measure the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of heterojunction PDs under dark and illuminated conditions and theI-Vcurve demonstrates good rectifying behaviours with 0.2 V turn-on voltage. At zero bias, the heterojunction PDs show a reverse photocurrent of 1.27 × 10-6A with a very low dark current of 2.35 × 10-9A under 325 nm UV illumination. Besides, the significance of the self-powered operation of UV PDs and the charge transfer mechanism are discussed with the aid of the energy band diagram. The substantial photocurrent increment with varying applied potential leads to narrowing the photo potential in the interface. The excitonic bound states present in p-GaN NWs/n-Si heterojunction is further elucidated. As a result, the heterojunction PDs demonstrate the high responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency of 134 mA W-1, 3.73 × 1013Jones, and 51% respectively, at 0.1 V low applied potential under the reverse bias condition. The proposed work provides an archetype for Mg doping in GaN NWs ensembles, which will help to facilitate the heterojunction with n-Si to unleash the potential of self-powered UV PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Anbarasan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - S Sadhasivam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - K Jeganathan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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9
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Li T, Lu Y, Chen Z. Heteroepitaxy Growth and Characterization of High-Quality AlN Films for Far-Ultraviolet Photodetection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4169. [PMID: 36500790 PMCID: PMC9737869 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-wide bandgap (~6.2 eV), thermal stability and radiation tolerance of AlN make it an ideal choice for preparation of high-performance far-ultraviolet photodetectors (FUV PDs). However, the challenge of epitaxial crack-free AlN single-crystalline films (SCFs) on GaN templates with low defect density has limited its practical applications in vertical devices. Here, a novel preparation strategy of high-quality AlN films was proposed via the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies clearly indicate that sharp, crack-free AlN films in single-crystal configurations were achieved. We also constructed a p-graphene/i-AlN/n-GaN photovoltaic FUV PD with excellent spectral selectivity for the FUV/UV-C rejection ratio of >103, a sharp cutoff edge at 206 nm and a high responsivity of 25 mA/W. This work provides an important reference for device design of AlN materials for high-performance FUV PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titao Li
- Jinjiang Joint Institute of Microelectronics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Jinjiang Joint Institute of Microelectronics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
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10
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Sun X, Wang D, Memon MH, Zhu S, Yu H, Wang H, Fang S, Kang Y, Liu X, Luo Y, Zhang H, Luo D, Sun H. Anisotropic photoresponse behavior of a LaAlO 3 single-crystal-based vacuum-ultraviolet photodetector. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16829-16836. [PMID: 36349807 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04552d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photodetectors (PDs) have attracted extensive attention owing to their potential applications in space exploration, radiation monitoring, and the semiconductor industry. Benefiting from its intrinsic ultra-wide band-gap, chemical robustness, and low-cost features, LaAlO3 shows great promise in developing next-generation compact, cheap, and easy-to-fabricate VUV PDs. In this work, we report the unique anisotropic photoresponse behavior of LaAlO3 single crystals for VUV photodetection applications. First of all, with the guidance of density functional theory (DFT) calculations along with the comprehensive material characterization, the anisotropic carrier transport behavior of LaAlO3 single crystals was confirmed. Thereafter, after exploring the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) device configuration along different substrate orientations, including (100), (110), and (111)-LaAlO3 single crystals, we found that the (110)-LaAlO3 VUV PD exhibits the best device performance under VUV illumination, with a responsivity of 2.23 mA W-1, a high detectivity of 3.72 × 1011 Jones, and a photo-to-dark-current ratio of 5.48 × 103. This work not only provides a feasible avenue to explore the anisotropic optoelectronic behavior of ultra-wide band-gap semiconductors but also expands the application of the low-cost oxide perovskite family in the field of VUV photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Sun
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Danhao Wang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Muhammad Hunain Memon
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Siqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Huabin Yu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shi Fang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Kang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanmin Luo
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Haochen Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Dongyang Luo
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Haiding Sun
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.
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11
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Sheoran H, Fang S, Liang F, Huang Z, Kaushik S, Manikanthababu N, Zhao X, Sun H, Singh R, Long S. High Performance of Zero-Power-Consumption MOCVD-Grown β-Ga 2O 3-Based Solar-Blind Photodetectors with Ultralow Dark Current and High-Temperature Functionalities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52096-52107. [PMID: 36346904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on high-performance deep ultraviolet photodetectors (DUV PDs) fabricated on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown β-Ga2O3 heteroepitaxy that exhibit stable operation up to 125 °C. The fabricated DUV PDs exhibit self-powered behavior with an ultralow dark current of 1.75 fA and a very high photo-to-dark-current ratio (PDCR) of the order of 105 at zero bias and >105 at higher biases of 5 and 10 V, which remains almost constant up to 125 °C. The high responsivity of 6.62 A/W is obtained at 10 V at room temperature (RT) under the weak illumination of 42.86 μW/cm2 of 260 nm wavelength. The detector shows very low noise equivalent power (NEP) of 5.74 × 10-14 and 1.03 × 10-16 W/Hz1/2 and ultrahigh detectivity of 5.51 × 1011 and 3.10 × 1014 Jones at 0 and 5 V, respectively, which shows its high detection sensitivity. The RT UV-visible (260:500 nm) rejection ratios of the order of 103 at zero bias and 105 at 5 V are obtained. These results demonstrate the potential of Ga2O3-based DUV PDs for solar-blind detection applications that require high-temperature robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardhyan Sheoran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Shi Fang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhou Liang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Huang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchi Kaushik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Nethala Manikanthababu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiding Sun
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Shibing Long
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Republic of China
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12
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Hao J, Li L, Gao P, Jiang X, Ban C, Shi N. Boron Nitride Nanoribbons Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition for VUV Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1372. [PMID: 36143995 PMCID: PMC9506175 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication process of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) detectors based on traditional semiconductor materials is complex and costly. The new generation of wide-bandgap semiconductor materials greatly reduce the fabrication cost of the entire VUV detector. We use the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to grow boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) for VUV detectors. Morphological and compositional characterization of the BNNRs was tested. VUV detector based on BNNRs exhibits strong response to VUV light with wavelengths as short as 185 nm. The photo-dark current ratio (PDCR) of this detector is 272.43, the responsivity is 0.47 nA/W, and the rise time and fall time are 0.3 s and 0.6 s. The response speed is faster than the same type of BN-based VUV detectors. This paper offers more opportunities for high-performance and low-cost VUV detectors made of wide-bandgap semiconductor materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Hao
- MEMS Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ling Li
- MEMS Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Power Sources, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiangqian Jiang
- MEMS Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chuncheng Ban
- MEMS Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ningqiang Shi
- MEMS Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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13
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Ma Y, Chen T, Zhang X, Tang W, Feng B, Hu Y, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wei X, Xu K, Mudiyanselage D, Fu H, Zhang B. High-Photoresponsivity Self-Powered a-, ε-, and β-Ga 2O 3/p-GaN Heterojunction UV Photodetectors with an In Situ GaON Layer by MOCVD. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35194-35204. [PMID: 35877929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with high response performance based on Ga2O3/p-GaN were fabricated by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The effects of different crystal phases of Ga2O3 (including a, ε, ε/β, and β) grown on p-GaN films on the performance of photodetectors were systematically studied. Moreover, an in situ GaON dielectric layer improved the responsivity of Ga2O3/p-GaN photodetectors by 20 times. All Ga2O3/p-GaN photodetectors showed self-power capability without bias. An ultralow dark current of 3.08 pA and a Iphoto/Idark ratio of 4.1 × 103 (1.8 × 103) under 254 nm (365 nm) light were obtained for the β-Ga2O3/p-GaN photodetector at 0 V bias. Furthermore, the β-Ga2O3/p-GaN photodetector showed excellent sensitivity with a high responsivity of 3.8 A/W (0.83 A/W), a fast response speed of 66/36 ms (36/73 ms), and a high detectivity of 1.12 × 1014 Jones (2.44 × 1013 Jones) under 254 nm (365 nm) light at 0 V bias. The carrier transport mechanism of the Ga2O3/p-GaN self-powered photodetector was also analyzed through the device energy band diagram. This work provides critical information for the design and fabrication of high-performance self-powered Ga2O3/p-GaN UV photodetectors, opening the door to a variety of photonic systems and applications without an external power supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Ma
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tiwei Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Boyuan Feng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing Wei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dinusha Mudiyanselage
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Houqiang Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
- Nanofabrication facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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14
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Park S, Park T, Park JH, Min JY, Jung Y, Kyoung S, Kang TY, Kim KH, Rim YS, Hong J. Ag 2O/β-Ga 2O 3 Heterojunction-Based Self-Powered Solar Blind Photodetector with High Responsivity and Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25648-25658. [PMID: 35611950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered deep-ultraviolet photodetectors have received considerable attention in recent years because of their efficiency, reliability, and various applications in civilian and military fields. Herein, a Ag/Ag2O layer is continuously deposited on a β-Ga2O3 epitaxial layer by a facing target sputtering system without opening the chamber, which has an advantage in time and cost. A p-n junction photodetector was constructed through the Ag2O/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction and by varying the thickness of the Ag film, which was controlled by the sputtering time. The effect of top electrode thickness on the photoresponse characteristics of photodetectors was studied. Because thin Ag films have low surface roughness, indicating low optical loss and good interfacial conditions, photodetectors using a thin Ag film as the top electrode exhibit high photoresponsivity. However, Ag films that were thinner than the threshold thickness, which is the minimum thickness required to form a continuous, homogeneous surface film, exhibited rather low performance owing to the high reflection and scattering caused by the inhomogeneous surface morphology. The as-fabricated photodetector with a 20 nm Ag film presents a high on/off ratio of 3.43 × 108, responsivity and detectivity of 25.65 mA/W and 6.10 × 1011 Jones, respectively, and comparable rise and decay times of 108 and 80 ms, respectively. Additionally, even after three months of storage in an ambient environment, the photoresponse of the photodetector was maintained, indicating good stability in air. These results suggest that Ag2O/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction-based photodetectors with thin Ag films can be used in various applications requiring deep-ultraviolet detection without an external power supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbin Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hui Park
- Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, College of Software Convergence, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Min
- Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, College of Software Convergence, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusup Jung
- PowerCubeSemi, Inc., 686, Cheonggyesan-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinsu Kyoung
- PowerCubeSemi, Inc., 686, Cheonggyesan-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Young Kang
- PowerCubeSemi, Inc., 686, Cheonggyesan-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - You Seung Rim
- Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, College of Software Convergence, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
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15
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Gao Y, Yang J, Ji X, He R, Yan J, Wang J, Wei T. Semipolar (112̅2) AlGaN-Based Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Fast Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21232-21241. [PMID: 35486957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high-quality semipolar (112̅2) AlGaN epitaxial films have been obtained on m-plane sapphire by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. X-ray rocking curve measurements show the full-width at half-maximums of semipolar (112̅2)-oriented AlGaN films are 0.357° and 0.531° along [112̅3̅]AlGaN and [11̅00]AlGaN, respectively. The fabricated semipolar AlGaN metal-semiconductor-metal solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) exhibits a high responsivity of 1842 A/W. The fast response and reliability of the UV PD are ensured via fast switching with a rise and decay time of 90 ms and 53(720) ms, respectively. The UV PD exhibits a significant reduction in the dark current, that is, from 100 μA to 780 fA at 10 V, using a simple wet chemical etching to modify the surface properties of materials. The photo-to-dark-current ratio value of the etched UV PD reaches 4 orders of magnitude higher than the unetched UV PD under 270 nm illumination. These are attributed to the fact that KOH wet etching assists in eliminating the surface states and reconstructing the surface oxides. This work might provide a new potential for the development of solar-blind UV PDs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiankun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoli Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui He
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianchang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083, China
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16
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McDonald AD, Febbraro M, Asaadi J, Havener CC. Development of a pulsed vacuum ultraviolet light source with adjustable intensity. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053103. [PMID: 35649763 DOI: 10.1063/5.0081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a pulsed light source using the discharge from an electrode in a medium of various noble gases. This source can be used to aid in the characterization and testing of new vacuum-ultraviolet sensitive light detection devices. The source includes a novel spark driver circuit, a spark chamber into which different noble gases can be introduced, and an optical attenuation cell capable of being filled with different gases to allow for the attenuation of the pulsed light down to single photon levels. We describe the construction, calibration, and characterization of this device deployed at a dedicated light detection test stand at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D McDonald
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Asaadi
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C C Havener
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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17
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Zeng G, Li XX, Li YC, Chen DB, Chen YC, Zhao XF, Chen N, Wang TY, Zhang DW, Lu HL. A Heterostructured Graphene Quantum Dots/β-Ga 2O 3 Solar-Blind Photodetector with Enhanced Photoresponsivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16846-16855. [PMID: 35363489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The superior optical and electronic characteristics of quasi-two-dimensional β-Ga2O3 make it suitable for solar-blind (200-280 nm) photodetectors (PDs). The metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PDs commonly suffer from low photoresponsivity, slow response speed, and a narrow detection wavelength range despite their simple fabrication process. Herein, we report a high-performance MSM PD by integrating exfoliated β-Ga2O3 flakes with zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which exhibits the advantages of enhancing the photoresponsivity, shortening the photoresponse time, and stimulating a broad range of photon detection. The hybrid GQDs/β-Ga2O3 heterostructure PD is sensitive to deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light (250 nm) with an ultrahigh responsivity (R of ∼2.4 × 105 A/W), a large detectivity (D* of ∼4.3 × 1013 Jones), an excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE of ∼1.2 × 108%), and a fast photoresponse (150 ms), which is superior to the bare β-Ga2O3 PD. These improvements result from effective charge transfer due to the introduction of GQDs, which enhance the light absorption and the generation of electron-hole pairs. In addition, the hybrid GQDs/β-Ga2O3 PD also exhibits better photoelectric performance than the bare β-Ga2O3 PD at a 1000 nm wavelength. As a conclusion, the hybrid GQDs/β-Ga2O3 DUV photodetector shows potential applications in commercial optoelectronic products and provides an alternative solution for the design and preparation of high-performance photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ding-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai Institute Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ting-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai Institute Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, Zhejiang 322000, China
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18
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Zhang D, Lin Z, Zheng W, Huang F. Pt/ZnGa 2O 4/p-Si Back-to-Back Heterojunction for Deep UV Sensitive Photovoltaic Photodetection with Ultralow Dark Current and High Spectral Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5653-5660. [PMID: 35072470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a strategy of constructing a back-to-back heterojunction is proposed to fabricate Si-based photovoltaic photodetectors with high deep ultraviolet (DUV) spectral selectivity. By combining Pt with a thickness of 4 nm with a ZnGa2O4/Si heterojunction, a back-to-back heterojunction is successfully constructed. Based on that, a Pt/ZnGa2O4/p-Si DUV photovoltaic detector with a low dark current density (∼9.6 × 10-5 μA/cm2), a large photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR, >105), and a fast response speed (decay time <50 ms) is fabricated. At 0 V bias, this device displays a photoresponsivity of about 1.36 mA/W and a high deep ultraviolet-visible (DUV-vis) rejection ratio (R258 nm/R420 nm) of ∼1.1 × 105, which are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those of most photovoltaic DUV detectors reported currently. Even at a working temperature of 470 K, the detectivity of this device can still reach ∼1.23 × 1010 Jones. In addition, compared with Au/ZnGa2O4/Si devices, the dark current and PDCR of this Pt/ZnGa2O4/Si device decrease by 2 orders of magnitude and increase by 1 order of magnitude, respectively. The enhanced performance of this ZnGa2O4/Si device can be attributed to the higher Schottky barrier established between Pt with a higher work function and ZnGa2O4. This strategy of adopting a back-to-back heterojunction device structure to hinder the visible light photoresponse of Si-based photodetectors and thus to reduce the dark current of a device can provide a reference for preparing photovoltaic DUV detectors with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuogeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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19
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Rauf MA, Alam MT, Ishtikhar M, Ali N, Alghamdi A, AlAsmari AF. Investigating Chaperone like Activity of Green Silver Nanoparticles: Possible Implications in Drug Development. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030944. [PMID: 35164209 PMCID: PMC8838336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation and amyloidogenesis have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s etc. Unfortunately, there are still no proper drugs and no effective treatment available. Due to the unique properties of noble metallic nanoparticles, they have been used in diverse fields of biomedicine like drug designing, drug delivery, tumour targeting, bio-sensing, tissue engineering etc. Small-sized silver nanoparticles have been reported to have anti-biotic, anti-cancer and anti-viral activities apart from their cytotoxic effects. The current study was carried out in a carefully designed in-vitro to observe the anti-amyloidogenic and inhibitory effects of biologically synthesized green silver nanoparticles (B-AgNPs) on human serum albumin (HSA) aggregation taken as a model protein. We have used different biophysical assays like thioflavin T (ThT), 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene-sulphonic acid (ANS), Far-UV CD etc. to analyze protein aggregation and aggregation inhibition in vitro. It has been observed that the synthesized fluorescent B-AgNPs showed inhibitory effects on protein aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner reaching a plateau, after which the effect of aggregation inhibition was significantly declined. We also observed meaningful chaperone-like aggregation-inhibition activities of as-synthesized florescent B-AgNPs in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Md Tauqir Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (M.T.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Mohd Ishtikhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.A.); (A.F.A.)
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20
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Kaushik S, Karmakar S, Bisht P, Liao CH, Li X, Varshney RK, Mehta BR, Singh R. Localized surface plasmon resonance-enhanced solar-blind Al 0.4Ga 0.6N MSM photodetectors exhibiting high-temperature robustness. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:145202. [PMID: 34902849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The appealing properties of tunable direct wide bandgap, high-temperature robustness and chemical hardness, make AlxGa1-xN a promising candidate for fabricating robust solar-blind photodetectors (PDs). In this work, we have utilized the optical phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in metal nanoparticles (NPs) to significantly enhance the performance of solar-blind Al0.4Ga0.6N metal-semiconductor-metal PDs that exhibit high-temperature robustness. We demonstrate that the presence of palladium (Pd) NPs leads to a remarkable enhancement by nearly 600, 300, and 462%, respectively, in the photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR), responsivity, and specific detectivity of the Al0.4Ga0.6N PD at the wavelength of 280 nm. Using the optical power density of only 32μW cm-2at -10 V, maximum values of ∼3 × 103, 2.7 AW-1, and 2.4 × 1013Jones are found for the PDCR, responsivity and specific detectivity, respectively. The experimental observations are supported by finite difference time domain simulations, which clearly indicate the presence of LSPR in Pd NPs decorated on the surface of Al0.4Ga0.6N. The mechanism behind the enhancement is investigated in detail, and is ascribed to the LSPR induced effects, namely, improved optical absorption, enhanced local electric field and LSPR sensitization effect. Moreover, the PD exhibits a stable operation up to 400 K, thereby exhibiting the high-temperature robustness desirable for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Kaushik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prashant Bisht
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Che-Hao Liao
- Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohang Li
- Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravendra Kumar Varshney
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bodh Raj Mehta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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21
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Cadatal-Raduban M, Kato T, Horiuchi Y, Olejníček J, Kohout M, Yamanoi K, Ono S. Effect of Substrate and Thickness on the Photoconductivity of Nanoparticle Titanium Dioxide Thin Film Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoconductive Detector. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:10. [PMID: 35009959 PMCID: PMC8746592 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet radiation (VUV, from 100 nm to 200 nm wavelength) is indispensable in many applications, but its detection is still challenging. We report the development of a VUV photoconductive detector, based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle thin films. The effect of crystallinity, optical quality, and crystallite size due to film thickness (80 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm) and type of substrate (silicon Si, quartz SiO2, soda lime glass SLG) was investigated to explore ways of enhancing the photoconductivity of the detector. The TiO2 film deposited on SiO2 substrate with a film thickness of 80 nm exhibited the best photoconductivity, with a photocurrent of 5.35 milli-Amperes and a photosensitivity of 99.99% for a bias voltage of 70 V. The wavelength response of the detector can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the film as the cut-off shifts to a longer wavelength, as the film becomes thicker. The response time of the TiO2 detector is about 5.8 μs and is comparable to the 5.4 μs response time of a diamond UV sensor. The development of the TiO2 nanoparticle thin film detector is expected to contribute to the enhancement of the use of VUV radiation in an increasing number of important technological and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Cadatal-Raduban
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Yusuke Horiuchi
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Jiří Olejníček
- Department of Low-Temperature Plasma, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Low-Temperature Plasma, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Kohei Yamanoi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Shingo Ono
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Aichi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (S.O.)
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22
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Li T, Jia L, Zheng W, Huang F. Fermi-Surface Modulation of Graphene Synergistically Enhances the Open-Circuit Voltage and Quantum Efficiency of Photovoltaic Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Detectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11106-11113. [PMID: 34752104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the open-circuit voltage (VOC) is of a great significance to achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency in photovoltaic applications. Here, we present a simple NO2 doping strategy that can significantly modulate the VOC of graphene-based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors from 0.96 to 1.84 V. The intriguing result can be demonstrated by the fact that NO2 doping lowers the Fermi surface of graphene and thus enhances quasi-Fermi level splitting of the whole device under illumination. The >103% increase of both external quantum efficiency and photoresponsivity compared to before doping is the result of a 0.88 V increase in the VOC. Our work sheds light on the forming mechanism of VOC in graphene-based photovoltaic detectors and further suggests alternative pathways to enhance the VOC of photovoltaic devices with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lemin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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23
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been an explosive increase in the research on van der Waals (vdW) crystals because of their great potential applications in many optoelectronic devices. It is necessary to determine their temperature-dependent lattice vibration characteristics because their thermal and electrical transport are closely related to the anharmonic phonon effect, which will affect the performance of the devices. We review the temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy of vdW crystals, systematically introduce the thermal behavior of optical phonons, and summarize their shift with temperature. Upon analyzing the theoretical models and summarizing the reported experimental data, it is found that the phonon shifts of vdW crystals have a "quasi-linear" relationship with temperature, which is widely described with first-order temperature (FOT) coefficients obtained through a linear fit. Thus, subsequently, the phonon shifts of monolayer materials, different-thickness crystals, suspended and supported samples, in-plane and out-of-plane modes in the same vdW materials, as well as heterostructures and alloys are discussed through comparative analysis of FOT coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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24
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Li T, Zheng W, Zhu S, Wang F, Zhu Y, Jia L, Lin Z, Huang F. High-Pressure O 2 Annealing Enhances the Crystallinity of Ultrawide-Band-Gap Sesquioxides Combined with Graphene for Vacuum-Ultraviolet Photovoltaic Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16660-16668. [PMID: 33787197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
(AlxGa1-x)2O3 is emerging as a promising wide-band-gap sesquioxide for vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV, 10-200 nm) photodetectors and high-power field-effect transistors. However, how the key parameters such as the band gap and crystalline phase of the (AlxGa1-x)2O3-based device vary with stoichiometry has not been explicitly defined, which is due to the unclear underlying mechanism of the Al local coordination environment. In this work, a high-pressure O2 (20 atm) annealing (HPOA) strategy that can significantly improve the crystallinity of β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 and achieve a tunable optical band gap was proposed, facilitating the revelation of the local structure of Al3+ varying with Al content and the kinetic mechanism of Al3+ diffusion. By combining the as-HPOA-treated single-crystalline β-(Al0.69Ga0.31)2O3 films with p-type graphene (p-Gr), which serves as a transparent conductor, a VUV photovoltaic detector is fabricated, showing an improved photovoltage (0.80 V) and fast temporal response (2.1 μs). All of these findings provide a rewarding and important strategy for enhancing the band-gap tunability of sesquioxides, as well as the flexibility of zero-power-consumption photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titao Li
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Lemin Jia
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Zeguo Lin
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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25
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Cheng L, Zheng W, Jia L, Huang F. Quasiphonon polaritons. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05277. [PMID: 33134580 PMCID: PMC7586075 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared reflection spectra of c- and m-plane bulk AlN show a reststrahlen band related to the formation of phonon polaritons. However, it is worth noting that there are additional hump- and spike-shaped peaks in the spectra, which cannot be explained by the phonon-polaritons model applicable to optically isotropic crystals. Here, considering the existence of quasiphonons in wurtzite crystals, we suppose that the extra peaks result from the generation of quasiphonon polaritons (QPPs) induced by the coupling between photon and quasi-transverse optical phonon. On the basis of this point, a QPPs model applicable to optically anisotropic wurtzite crystals is developed, which successfully explains the reststrahlen band of bulk AlN. Besides, on the ground of our model, a series of reststrahlen band of bulk AlN under various configurations is also predicted and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lemin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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26
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Lin R, Zheng W, Chen L, Zhu Y, Xu M, Ouyang X, Huang F. X-ray radiation excited ultralong (>20,000 seconds) intrinsic phosphorescence in aluminum nitride single-crystal scintillators. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4351. [PMID: 32859949 PMCID: PMC7455697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescence is a fascinating photoelectronic phenomenon usually observed in rare-earth-doped inorganic crystals and organic molecular crystals, owning great potential in optical information storage, color display and biological dosimetry. Here, we present an ultralong intrinsic phosphorescence (>20,000 seconds) in AlN single-crystal scintillator through X-ray excitation. We suggest that the long afterglow emission originates from the intra-band transition related to native nitrogen vacancy. Some excited states formed by absorbing X-ray photons cannot satisfy the parity difference between initial and final states required by transition selection rule, so they cannot return to the ground state directly through radiation transitions but through several phonon-assisted intra-band transitions slowly. During this process, a long-term broad-spectra phosphorescence emission is formed. Investigating the X-ray excited phosphorescence emission in the AlN is of great significance to understanding the mechanism of phosphorescence in inorganic materials, and to realizing the practical applications in high-energy ray dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect and Radiation Detection Research Center, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, 710024, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - MengXuan Xu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect and Radiation Detection Research Center, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, 710024, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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