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Surendran A, Pereverzev AY, Roithová J. Intricacies of Mass Transport during Electrocatalysis: A Journey through Iron Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15619-15626. [PMID: 38778765 PMCID: PMC11157527 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical steps are increasingly attractive for green chemistry. Understanding reactions at the electrode-solution interface, governed by kinetics and mass transport, is crucial. Traditional insights into these mechanisms are limited, but our study bridges this gap through an integrated approach combining voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This technique offers real-time monitoring of the chemical processes at the electrode-solution interface, tracking changes in intermediates and products during reactions. Applied to the electrochemical reduction of oxygen catalyzed by the iron(II) tetraphenyl porphyrin complex, it successfully reveals various reaction intermediates and degradation pathways under different kinetic regimes. Our findings illuminate complex electrocatalytic processes and propose new ways for studying reactions in alternating current and voltage-pulse electrosynthesis. This advancement enhances our capacity to optimize electrochemical reactions for more sustainable chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh
Koovakattil Surendran
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud
University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Y. Pereverzev
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud
University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis,
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud
University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Khani H, Puente Santiago AR, He T. An Interfacial View of Cation Effects on Electrocatalysis Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306103. [PMID: 37490318 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The identity of alkali metal cations in the electrolyte of electrocatalysis systems has been recently introduced as a crucial factor to tailor the kinetics and Faradaic efficiency of many electrocatalytic reactions. In this Minireview, we have summarized the recent advances in the molecular-level understanding of cation effects on relevant electrocatalytic processes such as hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen evolution (OER), and CO2 electroreduction (CO2 RR) reactions. The discussion covers the effects of electrolyte cations on interfacial electric fields, structural organization of interfacial water molecules, blocking the catalytic active sites, stabilization or destabilization of intermediates, and interfacial pHs. These cation-induced interfacial phenomena have been reported to impact the performance (activity, selectivity, and stability) of electrochemical reactions collaboratively or independently. We describe that although there is almost a general agreement on the relationship between the size of alkali cations and the activities of HER, OER, and CO2 RR, however, the mechanism by which the performance of these electrocatalytic reactions is influenced by alkali metal cations is still in debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Khani
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alain R Puente Santiago
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tianwei He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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3
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Abstract
Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable chemicals and fuels driven by renewable energy plays a crucial role in achieving net-zero carbon emissions. Understanding the structure-activity relationship and the reaction mechanism is significant for tuning electrocatalyst selectivity. Therefore, characterizing catalyst dynamic evolution and reaction intermediates under reaction conditions is necessary but still challenging. We first summarize the most recent progress in mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous CO2/CO reduction using in situ/operando techniques, including surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies, X-ray- and electron-based techniques, and mass spectroscopy, along with discussing remaining limitations. We then offer insights and perspectives to accelerate the future development of in situ/operando techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Hasa
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;
| | - Yaran Zhao
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA;
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4
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Chang X, He M, Lu Q, Xu B. Origin and effect of surface oxygen-containing species on electrochemical CO or CO2 reduction reactions. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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5
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He M, Chang X, Chao TH, Li C, Goddard WA, Cheng MJ, Xu B, Lu Q. Selective Enhancement of Methane Formation in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Enabled by a Raman-Inactive Oxygen-Containing Species on Cu. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chunsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Jaster T, Gawel A, Siegmund D, Holzmann J, Lohmann H, Klemm E, Apfel UP. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction toward multicarbon alcohols - The microscopic world of catalysts & process conditions. iScience 2022; 25:104010. [PMID: 35345454 PMCID: PMC8956800 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tackling climate change is one of the undoubtedly most important challenges at the present time. This review deals mainly with the chemical aspects of the current status for converting the greenhouse gas CO2 via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multicarbon alcohols as valuable products. Feasible reaction routes are presented, as well as catalyst synthesis methods such as electrodeposition, precipitation, or sputtering. In addition, a comprehensive overview of the currently achievable selectivities for multicarbon alcohols in CO2RR is given. It is also outlined to what extent, for example, modifications of the catalyst surfaces or the use of bifunctional compounds the product distribution is shifted. In addition, the influence of varying electrolyte, temperature, and pressure is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Jaster
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alina Gawel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Johannes Holzmann
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko Lohmann
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Elias Klemm
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D44801 Bochum, Germany
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Overa S, Ko BH, Zhao Y, Jiao F. Electrochemical Approaches for CO 2 Conversion to Chemicals: A Journey toward Practical Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:638-648. [PMID: 35041403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration play an essential role to address CO2 emissions. Among all carbon utilization technologies, CO2 electroreduction has gained immense interest due to its potential for directly converting CO2 to a variety of valuable commodity chemicals using clean, renewable electricity as the sole energy source. The research community has witnessed rapid advances in CO2 electrolysis technology in recent years, including highly selective catalysts, larger-scale reactors, specific process modeling, as well as a mechanistic understanding of the CO2 reduction reaction. The rapid advances in the field brings promise to the commercial application of the technology and the rapid rollout of the CO2 electroreduction for chemical manufacturing.This Account focuses on our contributions in both fundamental and applied research in the field of electrocatalytic CO2 and CO reduction reactions. We first discuss (1) the development of novel electrocatalysts for CO2/CO electroreduction to enhance the product selectivity and lower the energy consumption. Specifically, we synthesized nanoporous Ag and homogeneously mixed Cu-based bimetallic catalysts for the enhanced production of CO from CO2 and multicarbon products from CO, respectively. Then, we review our efforts in (2) the field of reactor engineering, including a dissolved CO2 H-type cell, vapor-fed CO2 three-compartment flow cell, and vapor-fed CO2 membrane electrode assembly, for enhancing reaction rates and scalability. Next, we describe (3) the investigation of reaction mechanisms using in situ and operando techniques, such as surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies and electrochemical mass spectroscopy. We revealed the participation of bicarbonate in CO2 electroreduction on Au using attenuated total-reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, the presence of an "oxygenated" surface of Cu under CO electroreduction conditions using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and the origin of oxygen in acetaldehyde and other CO electroreduction products on Cu using flow electrolyzer mass spectrometry. Lastly, we examine (4) the commercial potential of the CO2 electrolysis technology, such as understanding pollutant effects in CO2 electroreduction and developing techno-economic analysis. Specifically, we discuss the effects of SO2 and NOx in CO2 electroreduction using Cu, Ag, and Sn catalysts. We also identify technical barriers that need to be overcome and offer our perspective on accelerating the commercial deployment of the CO2 electrolysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Overa
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Byung Hee Ko
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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8
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Yang X, Zheng Z, Hu J, Qu J, Ma D, Li J, Guo C, Li CM. Observation of 4 th-order water oxidation kinetics by time-resolved photovoltage spectroscopy. iScience 2021; 24:103500. [PMID: 34934920 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photo-driven water oxidation has been proposed over half a century through a four-charge involved multiple-step oxygen evolution process. However, the knowledge of the intrinsic activity, such as the rate-law of the water oxidation reactions, has been inadequately studied. Up to date, the highest order reported is the third one under photoelectrochemical condition. In this work, we identified the fourth-order charge decay reactions on hematite by using a time-resolved surface photovoltage probe technique. A theoretical turnover frequency (TOF) > 100 nm-2·s-1 can be expected for O2 molecules when the hole density >0.1 nm-2. This work demonstrates a facile and robust method to investigate the high-order reaction kinetics. More excitingly, this research built the bridge between the rate-law, rate-determining step, and energy barrier of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, P R China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, P R China
| | - Jundie Hu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Jiafu Qu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Dekun Ma
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Jingsha Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou 215009, PR China.,Institute of Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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9
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Carvalho OQ, Adiga P, Murthy SK, Fulton JL, Gutiérrez OY, Stoerzinger KA. Understanding the Role of Surface Heterogeneities in Electrosynthesis Reactions. iScience 2020; 23:101814. [PMID: 33305178 PMCID: PMC7708810 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we highlight the role of surface heterogeneity in electrosynthesis reactions. Heterogeneities may come in the form of distinct crystallographic facets, boundaries between facets or grains, or point defects. We approach this topic from a foundation of surface science, where signatures from model systems provide understanding of observations on more complex and higher-surface-area materials. In parallel, probe-based techniques can inform directly on spatial variation across electrode surfaces. We call attention to the role spectroscopy can play in understanding the impact of these heterogeneities in electrocatalyst activity and selectivity, particularly where these surface features have effects extending into the electrolyte double layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Quinn Carvalho
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Prajwal Adiga
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sri Krishna Murthy
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Stoerzinger
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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