1
|
Zemlianski V, Marešová A, Princová J, Holič R, Häsler R, Ramos Del Río MJ, Lhoste L, Zarechyntsava M, Převorovský M. Nitrogen availability is important for preventing catastrophic mitosis in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262196. [PMID: 38780300 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is a crucial stage in the cell cycle, controlled by a vast network of regulators responding to multiple internal and external factors. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe demonstrates catastrophic mitotic phenotypes due to mutations or drug treatments. One of the factors provoking catastrophic mitosis is a disturbed lipid metabolism, resulting from, for example, mutations in the acetyl-CoA/biotin carboxylase (cut6), fatty acid synthase (fas2, also known as lsd1) or transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism (cbf11) genes, as well as treatment with inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis. It has been previously shown that mitotic fidelity in lipid metabolism mutants can be partially rescued by ammonium chloride supplementation. In this study, we demonstrate that mitotic fidelity can be improved by multiple nitrogen sources. Moreover, this improvement is not limited to lipid metabolism disturbances but also applies to a number of unrelated mitotic mutants. Interestingly, the partial rescue is not achieved by restoring the lipid metabolism state, but rather indirectly. Our results highlight a novel role for nitrogen availability in mitotic fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Zemlianski
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Anna Marešová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Princová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Roman Holič
- Centre of Biosciences SAS, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Robert Häsler
- Center for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel José Ramos Del Río
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Laurane Lhoste
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Maryia Zarechyntsava
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Martin Převorovský
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bellingham-Johnstun K, Thorn A, Belmonte JM, Laplante C. Microtubule competition and cell growth recenter the nucleus after anaphase in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar77. [PMID: 37099380 PMCID: PMC10398876 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells actively position their nuclei based on their activity. In fission yeast, microtubule-dependent nuclear centering is critical for symmetrical cell division. After spindle disassembly at the end of anaphase, the nucleus recenters over an ∼90-min period, approximately half of the duration of the cell cycle. Live-cell and simulation experiments support the cooperation of two distinct microtubule competition mechanisms in the slow recentering of the nucleus. First, a push-push mechanism acts from spindle disassembly to septation and involves the opposing actions of the mitotic spindle pole body microtubules that push the nucleus away from the ends of the cell, while a postanaphase array of microtubules baskets the nucleus and limits its migration toward the division plane. Second, a slow-and-grow mechanism slowly centers the nucleus in the newborn cell by a combination of microtubule competition and asymmetric cell growth. Our work underlines how intrinsic properties of microtubules differently impact nuclear positioning according to microtubule network organization and cell size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Bellingham-Johnstun
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Annelise Thorn
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Julio M. Belmonte
- Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Physics Department, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Caroline Laplante
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
- Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bellingham-Johnstun K, Thorn A, Belmonte J, Laplante C. Microtubule competition and cell growth recenter the nucleus after anaphase in fission yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526443. [PMID: 36778333 PMCID: PMC9915666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells actively position their nucleus based on their activity. In fission yeast, microtubule-dependent nuclear centering is critical for symmetrical cell division. After spindle disassembly at the end of anaphase, the nucleus recenters over a ~90 min period, approximately half of the duration of the cell cycle. Live cell and simulation experiments support the cooperation of two distinct mechanisms in the slow recentering of the nucleus. First, a push-push mechanism acts from spindle disassembly to septation and involves the opposing actions of the mitotic Spindle Pole Body microtubules that push the nucleus away from the ends of the cell while post-anaphase array of microtubules basket the nucleus and limit its migration toward the division plane. Second, a slow-and-grow mechanism finalizes nuclear centering in the newborn cell. In this mechanism, microtubule competition stalls the nucleus while asymmetric cell growth slowly centers it. Our work underlines how intrinsic properties of microtubules differently impact nuclear positioning according to microtubule network organization and cell size.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chica N, Portantier M, Nyquist-Andersen M, Espada-Burriel S, Lopez-Aviles S. Uncoupling of Mitosis and Cytokinesis Upon a Prolonged Arrest in Metaphase Is Influenced by Protein Phosphatases and Mitotic Transcription in Fission Yeast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876810. [PMID: 35923846 PMCID: PMC9340479 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) activator Cdc20 arrests cells in metaphase with high levels of the mitotic cyclin (Cyclin B) and the Separase inhibitor Securin. In mammalian cells this arrest has been exploited for the treatment of cancer with drugs that engage the spindle assembly checkpoint and, recently, with chemical inhibitors of the APC/C. While most cells arrested in mitosis for prolonged periods undergo apoptosis, others skip cytokinesis and enter G1 with unsegregated chromosomes. This process, known as mitotic slippage, generates aneuploidy and increases genomic instability in the cancer cell. Here, we analyze the behavior of fission yeast cells arrested in mitosis through the transcriptional silencing of the Cdc20 homolog slp1. While depletion of slp1 readily halts cells in metaphase, this arrest is only transient and a majority of cells eventually undergo cytokinesis and show steady mitotic dephosphorylation. Notably, this occurs in the absence of Cyclin B (Cdc13) degradation. We investigate the involvement of phosphatase activity in these events and demonstrate that PP2A-B55Pab1 is required to prevent septation and, during the arrest, its CDK-mediated inhibition facilitates the induction of cytokinesis. In contrast, deletion of PP2A-B56Par1 completely abrogates septation. We show that this effect is partly due to this mutant entering mitosis with reduced CDK activity. Interestingly, both PP2A-B55Pab1 and PP2A-B56Par1, as well as Clp1 (the homolog of the budding yeast mitotic phosphatase Cdc14) are required for the dephosphorylation of mitotic substrates during the escape. Finally, we show that the mitotic transcriptional wave controlled by the RFX transcription factor Sak1 facilitates the induction of cytokinesis and also requires the activity of PP2A-B56Par1 in a mechanism independent of CDK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Chica
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Sandra Lopez-Aviles, ; Nathalia Chica,
| | - Marina Portantier
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Nyquist-Andersen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Espada-Burriel
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Lopez-Aviles
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL partnership, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Biosciences (IBV), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Sandra Lopez-Aviles, ; Nathalia Chica,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang W, Toda T, Yukawa M. Complementation of fission yeast kinesin-5/Cut7 with human Eg5 provides a versatile platform for screening of anticancer compounds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:254-259. [PMID: 34864879 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-5 family proteins are essential for bipolar spindle assembly to ensure mitotic fidelity. Here, we demonstrate evolutionary functional conservation of kinesin-5 between human and fission yeast. Human Eg5 expressed in the nucleus replaces fission yeast counterpart Cut7. Intriguingly, Eg5 overproduction results in cytotoxicity. This phenotype provides a useful platform for the development of novel kinesin-5 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woosang Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Toda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Yukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|