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Lim JW. Polymer Materials for Optoelectronics and Energy Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3698. [PMID: 39124361 PMCID: PMC11312893 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively addresses the developments and applications of polymer materials in optoelectronics. Especially, this review introduces how the materials absorb, emit, and transfer charges, including the exciton-vibrational coupling, nonradiative and radiative processes, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), and energy dynamics. Furthermore, it outlines charge trapping and recombination in the materials and draws the corresponding practical implications. The following section focuses on the practical application of organic materials in optoelectronics devices and highlights the detailed structure, operational principle, and performance metrics of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodetectors, and organic transistors in detail. Finally, this study underscores the transformative impact of organic materials on the evolution of optoelectronics, providing a comprehensive understanding of their properties, mechanisms, and diverse applications that contribute to advancing innovative technologies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Won Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 495 Tech Way, NW, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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2
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Du K, Zhang D, Zhang S, Tam KC. Advanced Functionalized Materials Based on Layer-by-Layer Assembled Natural Cellulose Nanofiber for Electrodes: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304739. [PMID: 37726489 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel resources and its impact on the environment provide a compelling motivation for the development of sustainable energy sources to meet the increasing demand for energy. Accordingly, research and development of energy storage devices have emerged as a critical area of focus. The electrode materials are critical in the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices, such as energy storage capacity and cycle life. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) represents an important substrate with potentials in the applications of green electrode materials due to their environmental sustainability and excellent compatibility. By utilizing the layer-by layer (LbL) process, well-defined nanoscale multilayer structure is prepared on a variety of substrates. In recent years, increasing attention has focused on electrode materials produced from LbL process on CNFs to yield electrodes with exceptional properties, such as high specific surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, superior electrochemical activity, and exceptional mechanical stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the development of functional CNF via the LbL approach as electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Du
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuangbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Feng L, Li Z, Liu Y, Hua L, Wei Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Xu B. Counterion Engineering toward High-Performance and pH-Neutral Polyoxometalates-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient Organic Optoelectronic Devices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3276-3285. [PMID: 38252155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although protonated polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising hole-transporting layer (HTL) materials for optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent hole collection/injection property, pH neutrality, and noncorrosiveness, POMs are seldom used as high-performance HTL materials. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of mixed-additive POMs with pH-neutral counterions (NH4+, K+, and Na+) as HTL materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray analyses indicated that the use of the lacunary heteropolyanion [P2W15O56]12- as an intermediate ensured successful incorporation of the counterions into the mixed-addenda POMs without causing deterioration of the POM frameworks. The hole-transporting layer performance of POM-NH4, which was characterized by a high work function and good conductivity and could be prepared using a low-cost method surpassed those of its protonated counterpart POM-4 and many classic HTL materials. An organic solar cell (OSC) modified with POM-NH4 delivered a power conversion efficiency of 18.0%, which was the highest photovoltaic efficiency achieved by POM-based OSCs to date. Moreover, an HTL material based on POM-NH4 reduced the turn-on voltage of an organic light-emitting diode from 4.2 to 3.2 V. The results of this study suggest that POMs are promising alternatives to the classic HTL materials owing to their excellent hole-collection ability, low costs, neutral nature, and high-chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhengrong Wei
- School of physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Teng CP, Tan MY, Toh JPW, Lim QF, Wang X, Ponsford D, Lin EMJ, Thitsartarn W, Tee SY. Advances in Cellulose-Based Composites for Energy Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103856. [PMID: 37241483 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The various forms of cellulose-based materials possess high mechanical and thermal stabilities, as well as three-dimensional open network structures with high aspect ratios capable of incorporating other materials to produce composites for a wide range of applications. Being the most prevalent natural biopolymer on the Earth, cellulose has been used as a renewable replacement for many plastic and metal substrates, in order to diminish pollutant residues in the environment. As a result, the design and development of green technological applications of cellulose and its derivatives has become a key principle of ecological sustainability. Recently, cellulose-based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and three-dimensional networks have been developed for use as substrates in which conductive materials can be loaded for a wide range of energy conversion and energy conservation applications. The present article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the preparation of cellulose-based composites synthesized by combining metal/semiconductor nanoparticles, organic polymers, and metal-organic frameworks with cellulose. To begin, a brief review of cellulosic materials is given, with emphasis on their properties and processing methods. Further sections focus on the integration of cellulose-based flexible substrates or three-dimensional structures into energy conversion devices, such as photovoltaic solar cells, triboelectric generators, piezoelectric generators, thermoelectric generators, as well as sensors. The review also highlights the uses of cellulose-based composites in the separators, electrolytes, binders, and electrodes of energy conservation devices such as lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the use of cellulose-based electrodes in water splitting for hydrogen generation is discussed. In the final section, we propose the underlying challenges and outlook for the field of cellulose-based composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Peng Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Yan Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jessica Pei Wen Toh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qi Feng Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ponsford
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Esther Marie JieRong Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Warintorn Thitsartarn
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Si Yin Tee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Li X, Huang J, Ding J, Xiu M, Huang K, Cui K, Zhang J, Hao S, Zhang Y, Yu J, Huang Y. PEC/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Lab-on-Paper Device via BiVO 4/FeOOH Nanocomposite In Situ Modification on Paper Fibers for Sensitive CEA Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010103. [PMID: 36671939 PMCID: PMC9855910 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A dual-mode lab-on-paper device based on BiVO4/FeOOH nanocomposites as an efficient generating photoelectrochemical (PEC)/colorimetric signal reporter has been successfully constructed by integration of the lab-on-paper sensing platform and PEC/colorimetric detection technologies for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Concretely, the BiVO4/FeOOH nanocomposites were in situ synthesized onto the paper-working electrode (PWE) through hydrothermal synthesis of the BiVO4 layer on cellulose fibers (paper-based BiVO4) which were initially modified by Au nanoparticles for improving the conductivity of three dimensional PWE, and then the photo-electrodeposition of FeOOH onto the paper-based BiVO4 to construct the paper-based BiVO4/FeOOH for the portable dual-mode lab-on-paper device. The obtained nanocomposites with an FeOOH needle-like structure deposited on the BiVO4 layer exhibits enhanced PEC response activity due to its effective separation of the electron-hole pair which could further accelerate the PEC conversion efficiency during the sensing process. With the introduction of CEA targets onto the surface of nanocomposite-modified PWE assisted by the interaction with the CEA antibody from a specific recognition property, a signal-off PEC signal state with a remarkable photocurrent response decreasing trend can be achieved, realizing the quantitative detection of CEA with the PEC signal readout mode. By means of a smart origami paper folding, the colorimetric signal readout is achieved by catalyzing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue oxidized TMB in the presence of H2O2 due to the satisfied enzyme-like catalytic activity of the needle-like structure, FeOOH, thereby achieving the dual-mode signal readout system for the proposed lab-on-paper device. Under the optimal conditions, the PEC and colorimetric signals measurement were effectively carried out, and the corresponding linear ranges were 0.001-200 ng·mL-1 and 0.5-100 ng·mL-1 separately, with the limit of detection of 0.0008 and 0.013 ng·mL-1 for each dual-mode. The prepared lab-on-paper device also presented a successful application in serum samples for the detection of CEA, providing a potential pathway for the sensitive detection of target biomarkers in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Mingzhen Xiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kang Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shiji Hao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yizhong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Nowacki B, Jała J, Mistewicz K, Przyłucki R, Kopeć G, Stenzel T. Flexible SbSI/Polyurethane Nanocomposite for Sensing and Energy Harvesting. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:63. [PMID: 36616661 PMCID: PMC9823892 DOI: 10.3390/s23010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic development of flexible wearable electronics creates new possibilities for the production and use of new types of sensors. Recently, polymer nanocomposites have gained great popularity in the fabrication of sensors. They possess both the mechanical advantages of polymers and the functional properties of nanomaterials. The main drawback of such systems is the complexity of their manufacturing. This article presents, for the first time, fabrication of an antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) and polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite and its application as a piezoelectric nanogenerator for strain detection. The SbSI/PU nanocomposite was prepared using simple, fast, and efficient technology. It allowed the obtainment of a high amount of material without the need to apply complex chemical methods or material processing. The SbSI/PU nanocomposite exhibited high flexibility and durability. The microstructure and chemical composition of the prepared material were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. These studies revealed a lack of defects in the material structure and relatively low agglomeration of nanowires. The piezoelectric response of SbSI/PU nanocomposite was measured by pressing the sample with a pneumatic actuator at different excitation frequencies. It is proposed that the developed nanocomposite can be introduced into the shoe sole in order to harvest energy from human body movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Nowacki
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Jała
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystian Mistewicz
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Roman Przyłucki
- Department of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopeć
- Department of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
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Wani TA, Kaith P, Garg P, Bera A. Microfluidic Salinity Gradient-Induced All-Day Electricity Production in Solar Steam Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35802-35808. [PMID: 35913698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic generation of freshwater and electricity using solar light would be an ideal solution for global freshwater challenges and energy demands. Recently, interface solar steam generation has been considered one of the promising cost-effective alternatives for freshwater generation. Here, we have systematically maintained the salinity gradient within two-legged paper-based microfluidic channels to transport wastewater from the reservoir to the evaporator surface and generate electricity all-day-long. Flowing seawater (3.5 wt % NaCl) on one leg and tap water on the other of the water-conducting channels connected to a conical evaporator, we achieved an average open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 150 mV and a short-circuit current of 6.5 μA across each channel along with a water evaporation efficiency of 88%. As the VOC depends only on the ion concentration gradient within the channel in the direction perpendicular to the water flow, the electricity generation persists throughout the day and can be tuned by varying the salinity. Increasing the salt concentration of the seawater to 20 wt %, the VOC increased to 250 mV in a single channel. In an evaporator connected with four such channels, we achieved a maximum output power density of 9.9 mW m-2 in a series combination without sacrificing the evaporation rate. Furthermore, removing agglomerated salt from the evaporator surface, we harvested salt at a rate of 0.33 kg m-2 h-1. Therefore, our approach provides an alternative way of freshwater generation, salt harvesting, and all-day-long electricity production simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseef Ahmad Wani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, J & K 181221, India
| | - Priya Kaith
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, J & K 181221, India
| | - Parul Garg
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, J & K 181221, India
| | - Ashok Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, J & K 181221, India
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Velusamy A, Afraj SN, Yau S, Liu C, Ezhumalai Y, Kumaresan P, Chen M. Fused thiophene based materials for organic thin‐film transistors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shuehlin Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Centre for Material Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore India
| | | | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
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Pan T, Liu S, Zhang L, Xie W, Yu C. A flexible, multifunctional, optoelectronic anticounterfeiting device from high-performance organic light-emitting paper. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:59. [PMID: 35288540 PMCID: PMC8921225 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As a primary anticounterfeiting technology, most paper anticounterfeiting devices take advantage of photoresponsive behaviors of certain security materials or structures, thus featuring low-security threshold, which has been a critical global issue. To incorporate optoelectronic devices into existing anticounterfeiting technology suggests a feasible avenue to address this challenge. Here we report a high-performance organic light-emitting paper-based flexible anticounterfeiting (FAC) device with multiple stimuli-responsiveness, including light, electricity, and their combination. Without sacrificing the preexisted security information on the paper, we fabricate FAC device in a facile, low-cost yet high-fidelity fashion by integrating patterned electro-responsive and photo-responsive organic emitters onto paper substrates. By introducing optical microcavities, the FAC device shows considerable color shift upon different viewing angle and applied voltage, which is easily discernible by naked eyes. Notably, the FAC device is bendable, unclonable, and durable (a half-lifetime over 4000 hours at 100 cd m-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronics Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Shihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronics Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronics Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfa Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronics Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, USA.
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