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Guo Q, Ma J, Yin T, Jin H, Zheng J, Gao H. Superhydrophobic Non-Metallic Surfaces with Multiscale Nano/Micro-Structure: Fabrication and Application. Molecules 2024; 29:2098. [PMID: 38731589 PMCID: PMC11085871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiscale nano/micro-structured surfaces with superhydrophobicity are abundantly observed in nature such as lotus leaves, rose petals and butterfly wings, where microstructures typically reinforce mechanical stability, while nanostructures predominantly govern wettability. To emulate such hierarchical structures in nature, various methods have been widely applied in the past few decades to the manufacture of multiscale structures which can be applied to functionalities ranging from anti-icing and water-oil separation to self-cleaning. In this review, we highlight recent advances in nano/micro-structured superhydrophobic surfaces, with particular focus on non-metallic materials as they are widely used in daily life due to their lightweight, abrasion resistance and ease of processing properties. This review is organized into three sections. First, fabrication methods of multiscale hierarchical structures are introduced with their strengths and weaknesses. Second, four main application areas of anti-icing, water-oil separation, anti-fog and self-cleaning are overviewed by assessing how and why multiscale structures need to be incorporated to carry out their performances. Finally, future directions and challenges for nano/micro-structured surfaces are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (H.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jieyin Ma
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (H.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tianjun Yin
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (H.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haichuan Jin
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (H.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaxiang Zheng
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (H.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.G.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (H.J.); (J.Z.)
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Wei J, Liang W, Mao M, Li B, Zhang B, Zhang J. Impalement-Resistant, Mechanically Stable, and Anti-Static Superamphiphobic Coatings Enabled by Solvent Regulation and Their Application in Anti-Icing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1109-1116. [PMID: 38148548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Superamphiphobic coatings have good application prospects in many fields but are limited by their low impalement resistance, weak mechanical stability, and easy adhesion of tiny droplets. Here, impalement-resistant, mechanically stable, and antistatic superamphiphobic coatings were fabricated by spraying a mixture of conductive carbon black (CB), silicone-modified polyester adhesive/fluorinated SiO2 microspheres onto Al alloy. The microspheres were obtained by adhesive phase separation and the binding of fluorinated SiO2 to them. The morphology, superamphiphobicity, impalement resistance, and mechanical stability of the coatings could be regulated by using solvents with different boiling points. As a result, the coatings simultaneously exhibited outstanding mechanical stability, impalement resistance, and superamphiphobicity. The addition of conductive CB endowed the coatings with good antistatic and tiny droplet repellent properties. In addition, the coatings exhibited good anti-icing properties due to the steady air layer at the solid-liquid interface and the very small contact area between them. We suppose that the coatings are very promising for practical application in various fields, including anti-icing, due to their outstanding comprehensive properties and simple preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bucheng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Shandong Xinna Superhydrophobic New Materials Co. Ltd., Yantai 265402, P. R. China
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Ding W, Wei J, Zhang J. Stable food grade wax/attapulgite superhydrophobic coatings for anti-adhesion of liquid foods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:865-874. [PMID: 37450975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of liquid foods on their packaging materials has caused significant food wastes and environment pollution, which has attracted great attention. Food grade superhydrophobic coatings are very promising to solve the issue but suffer from low mechanical stability and complex preparation methods. Herein, a food grade superhydrophobic coating for anti-adhesion of liquid foods was prepared by combining edible paraffin wax, polydimethylsiloxane-modified attapulgite natural nanorods and a food grade silicone adhesive. The concentration of polydimethylsiloxane-modified attapulgite, ultrasonication time and the volume ratio of the paraffin wax/attapulgite suspension to the silicone adhesive solution have great influences on wettability and morphology of the coatings. The coatings exhibit good static and dynamic superhydrophobicity due to their hierarchical micro-/nanostructure and low surface energy of the polydimethylsiloxane-modified attapulgite and paraffin wax. Moreover, the coatings exhibit good mechanical and chemical stability. The coatings are also highly repellent towards various liquid foods including the hot ones. Furthermore, the coatings are applicable onto various frequently used flexible and hard food packing materials including polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, aluminium alloy and paper, etc. Thus, the superhydrophobic coatings have great application potential in the food packing industry for anti-adhesion of liquid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jinfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Li L, Wei J, Zhang J, Li B, Yang Y, Zhang J. Challenges and strategies for commercialization and widespread practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1554. [PMID: 37862425 PMCID: PMC10588945 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces have progressed rapidly in fundamental research over the past 20 years, but their practical applications lag far behind. In this perspective, we first present the findings of a survey on the current state of SH surfaces including fundamental research, patenting, and commercialization. On the basis of the survey and our experience, this perspective explores the challenges and strategies for commercialization and widespread practical applications of SH surfaces. The comprehensive performances, preparation methods, and application scenarios of SH surfaces are the major constraints. These challenges should be addressed simultaneously, and the actionable strategies are provided. We then highlight the standard test methods of the comprehensive performances including mechanical stability, impalement resistance, and weather resistance. Last, the prospects of SH surfaces in the future are discussed. We anticipate that SH surfaces may be widely commercialized and used in practical applications around the year 2035 through combination of the suggested strategies and input from both academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinfei Wei
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bucheng Li
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P.R. China
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Wei X, Niu X. Recent Advances in Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Applications on Wood. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071682. [PMID: 37050296 PMCID: PMC10097333 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic substances were favored in wood protection. Superhydrophobic treatment of wood is of great significance for improving the service life of wood and expanding its application fields, such as improving dimensional stability, durability, UV stability, and reducing wetting. The superhydrophobic phenomenon is attributed to the interaction of micro/nano hierarchical structure and low surface energy substances of the wood surface. This is the common method for obtaining superhydrophobic wood. The article introduces the common preparation methods of superhydrophobic wood material coatings and their mechanisms. These techniques include lithography, sol–gel methods, graft copolymerization, chemical vapor deposition, etc. The latest research progress of superhydrophobic wood material coatings application at domestic and overseas is reviewed, and the current status of superhydrophobic coating application in wood materials and construction is summarized. Finally, superhydrophobic on wood in the field of applied research is presented, and the development trend in the field of functional improvement of wood is foreseen.
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Xiang B, Liu Q, Sun Q, Gong J, Mu P, Li J. Recent advances in eco-friendly fabrics with special wettability for oil/water separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13413-13438. [PMID: 36398621 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05780h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Considering the serious damage to aquatic ecosystems and marine life caused by oil spills and oily wastewater discharge, efficient, environment-friendly and sustainable oil/water separation technology has become an inevitable trend for current development. Herein, fabrics are recognized as eco-friendly materials for water treatment due to their good degradability and low cost. Particularly, fabrics with rough structures and natural hydrophilicity/oleophilicity enable the construction of superwetting surfaces for the selective separation of oil/water mixtures and even complex emulsions. Therefore, superwetting fabrics for efficiently solving oil spills and purifying oily wastewater have received extensive attention. Especially, Janus and smart fabrics are highly anticipated to enable the on-demand and sustainable treatment of oil spills and oily wastewater due to their changeable wettability. Moreover, the fabrication of superwetting fabrics with multifunctional performances for oily wastewater purification can further promote their practical industrial applications, such as photocatalytic, self-cleaning, and self-healing characteristics. However, some potential challenges still exist, which urgently need to be systematically summarized to guide the future development of this research field. In this review, firstly, the fundamental theories of wettability and the separation mechanisms based on special wettability are discussed. Then, superwetting fabrics for efficient oil/water separation are systematically reviewed, such as superhydrophobic/superoleophilic (SHB/SOL), superhydrophilic/superoleophobic (SHL/SOB), SHL/underwater superoleophobic (SHL/UWSOB), and UWSOB/underoil superoleophobic (UWSOB/UOSHB) fabrics. Most importantly, we highlight Janus, smart, and multifunctional fabrics based on their superwetting property. Correspondingly, the advantages and disadvantages of each superwetting fabric are comprehensively analyzed. Besides, super-antiwetting fabrics with superhydrophobic/superoleophobic (SHB/SOB) property are also introduced. Finally, the challenges and future research directions are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Jingling Gong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
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Cao H. Low adhesive and superhydrophobic LDH coating for anti-corrosion and self-cleaning. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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