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Yoo H, Mahato M, Oh W, Ha J, Han H, Ahn CW, Oh IK. Exploring role of microbatteries in enhancing sustainability and functionality of implantable biosensors and bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116419. [PMID: 38830292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microbatteries are emerging as a sustainable, miniaturized power source, crucial for implantable biomedical devices. Their significance lies in offering high energy density, longevity, and rechargeability, facilitating uninterrupted health monitoring and treatment within the body. The review delves into the development of microbatteries, emphasizing their miniaturization and biocompatibility, crucial for long-term, safe in-vivo use. It examines cutting-edge manufacturing techniques like physical and chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition, essential for the precision manufacture of the microbatteries. The paper contrasts primary and secondary batteries, highlighting the advantages of zinc-ion and magnesium-ion batteries for enhanced stability and reduced reactivity. It also explores biodegradable batteries, potentially obviating the need for surgical extraction post-use. The integration of microbatteries into diagnostic and therapeutic devices is also discussed, illustrating how they enhance the efficacy and sustainability of implantable biosensors and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Yoo
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Manmatha Mahato
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jawon Ha
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Han
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Tan J, Zhang Y. Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites: Recent Progress and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:3572. [PMID: 39124984 PMCID: PMC11313829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As microelectronics technology advances towards miniaturization and higher integration, the imperative for developing high-performance thermal management materials has escalated. Thermal conductive polymer composites (TCPCs), which leverage the benefits of polymer matrices and the unique effects of nano-enhancers, are gaining focus as solutions to overheating due to their low density, ease of processing, and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials often face challenges such as thermal conductivities that are lower than expected, limiting their application in high-performance electronic devices. Despite these issues, TCPCs continue to demonstrate broad potential across various industrial sectors. This review comprehensively presents the progress in this field, detailing the mechanisms of thermal conductivity (TC) in these composites and discussing factors that influence thermal performance, such as the intrinsic properties of polymers, interfacial thermal resistance, and the thermal properties of fillers. Additionally, it categorizes and summarizes methods to enhance the TC of polymer composites. The review also highlights the applications of these materials in emerging areas such as flexible electronic devices, personal thermal management, and aerospace. Ultimately, by analyzing current challenges and opportunities, this review provides clear directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Xue S, Huang G, Chen Q, Wang X, Fan J, Shou D. Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:153. [PMID: 38478150 PMCID: PMC10937893 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being. By merely broadening the set-point of indoor temperatures, we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. In recent years, there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management (PTM), aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings, clothing, and skin. The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering. An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management (PRTM), which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation. However, it is less taken into account in traditional textiles, and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM. In this review, we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM. Specifically, we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms, fabrication methods of textiles, and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities, including radiative cooling, radiative heating, and dual-mode thermoregulation. Furthermore, we will shine a light on the current hurdles, propose potential strategies, and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Xue
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
- Future Intelligent Wear Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Shanghai International Fashion Innovation Center, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xungai Wang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintu Fan
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Textiles for Future Fashion, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Shou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Future Intelligent Wear Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Research Centre of Textiles for Future Fashion, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
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Liu P, Leung EM, Badshah MA, Moore CS, Gorodetsky AA. Structure-function relationships for squid skin-inspired wearable thermoregulatory materials. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046111. [PMID: 37941766 PMCID: PMC10629970 DOI: 10.1063/5.0149289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable thermoregulatory technologies have attracted widespread attention because of their potential for impacting individual physiological comfort and for reducing building energy consumption. Within this context, the study of materials and systems that can merge the advantageous characteristics of both active and passive operating modes has proven particularly attractive. Accordingly, our laboratory has drawn inspiration from the appearance-changing skin of Loliginidae (inshore squids) for the introduction of a unique class of dynamic thermoregulatory composite materials with outstanding figures of merit. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward approach for experimentally controlling and computationally predicting the adaptive infrared properties of such bioinspired composites, thereby enabling the development and validation of robust structure-function relationships for the composites. Our findings may help unlock the potential of not only the described materials but also comparable systems for applications as varied as thermoregulatory wearables, food packaging, infrared camouflage, soft robotics, and biomedical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Erica M. Leung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Mohsin Ali Badshah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Christopher S. Moore
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
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Jung I, Shin EJ, Lee S. Study on CNT/TPU cube under the 3D printing conditions of infill patterns and density. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17728. [PMID: 37853073 PMCID: PMC10584865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, to develop soft pressure sensor applicable to wearable robots using stretchable polymers and conductive fillers, 3.25 wt% carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyurethane filament with shore 94 A were manufactured. Three infill densities (20%, 50%, and 80%) and patterns (zigzag (ZG), triangle (TR), honeycomb (HN)) were applied to print cubes via fused filament fabrication 3D printing. Most suitable infill conditions were confirmed based on the slicing images, morphologies, compressive properties, electrical properties, and electrical heating properties. For each infill pattern, ZG and TR divided the layers into lines and figures, and the layers were stacked by rotation. For HN, the same layers were stacked in a hexagonal pattern. Consequently, TR divided layer in various directions, showed the strongest compressive properties with toughness 1.99 J for of infill density 80%. Especially, the HN became tougher with increased infill density. Also, the HN laminated with the same layer showed excellent electrical properties, with results greater than 14.7 mA. The electrical heating properties confirmed that ZG and HN had the high layer density, which exhibited excellent heating characteristics. Therefore, it was confirmed that performance varies depending on the 3D printing direction, and it was confirmed that HN is suitable for manufacturing soft sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imjoo Jung
- Department of Fashion and Textiles, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Shin
- Department of Organic Materials and Polymer Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Fashion and Textiles, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Fashion Design, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Kalaš D, Soukup R, Řeboun J, Radouchová M, Rous P, Hamáček A. Novel SMD Component and Module Interconnection and Encapsulation Technique for Textile Substrates Using 3D Printed Polymer Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112526. [PMID: 37299324 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a range of sensors and actuators can be realized directly in the structure of textile substrates using metal-plated yarns, metal-filament yarns, or functionalized yarns with nanomaterials, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, or carbon materials. However, the evaluation or control circuits still depend upon the use of semiconductor components or integrated circuits, which cannot be currently implemented directly into the textiles or substituted by functionalized yarns. This study is focused on a novel thermo-compression interconnection technique intended for the realization of the electrical interconnection of SMD components or modules with textile substrates and their encapsulation in one single production step using commonly widespread cost-effective devices, such as 3D printers and heat-press machines, intended for textile applications. The realized specimens are characterized by low resistance (median 21 mΩ), linear voltage-current characteristics, and fluid-resistant encapsulation. The contact area is comprehensively analyzed and compared with the theoretical Holm's model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kalaš
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Soukup
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Řeboun
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Radouchová
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rous
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hamáček
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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