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Wang X, Wen Q, Wu H, Peng W, Cai K, Tan Z, Na W, Wu K. Effect of Sex on Intestinal Microbial Metabolites of Hainan Special Wild Boars. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2164. [PMID: 39123691 PMCID: PMC11310994 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are essential for the health and growth development of animals. Current research indicates that sex has a certain impact on the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, but there are few reports on sex differences in intestinal microbiota metabolites, including those of castrated male animals. This study aimed to explore the impact of sex on the intestinal microbial metabolites of Hainan special wild boars (10 entire male pigs, 10 female pigs, and 10 castrated male pigs, denoted EM, FE, and CM, respectively) by employing non-targeted metabolomics and gas chromatography. A total of 1086 metabolites were detected, with the greatest number of differential metabolites observed between EM and FE (54 differential metabolites, including 18 upregulated and 36 downregulated metabolites), the fewest between CM and FE (7 differential metabolites, including 1 upregulated and 6 downregulated metabolites), and an intermediate number between CM and EM (47 differential metabolites, including 35 upregulated and 12 downregulated metabolites). Differential metabolites were involved in more pathways between EM and FE and between CM and EM, including amino acid metabolism and digestive system pathways, whereas differential metabolites were involved in the fewest pathways between CM and FE. Correlation analysis showed Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, uncultured_bacterium_o_SAR324_cladeMarine_group_B, and Candidatus Saccharimonas contributed to the production of metabolites such as trehalose, docosatrienoic acid, D(-)-beta-hydroxy butyric acid, and acetyl-DL-leucine. The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid were significantly higher in EM than in FE, with CM falling between the two. Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group showed a significant positive correlation with the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, uncultured_bacterium_f_p-251-o5 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 showed a significant negative correlation with the generation of SCFAs. This study provides foundational data and significant insights into precision feeding strategies for Hainan special wild boars of different sexes, as well as the study of sex differences in intestinal microbial metabolites in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Wang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiong Wen
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
- Wuhan Xiangda Feedstuff Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430045, China
| | - Hongfen Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Wenchuan Peng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Keqi Cai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Wei Na
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Kebang Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (X.W.); (K.W.)
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