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Melki R, Litvak Y. From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 39044538 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
From the moment of birth, the newborn gastrointestinal tract is infiltrated by various bacteria originating from both maternal and environmental sources. These colonizing bacteria form a complex microbiota community that undergoes continuous changes until adulthood and plays an important role in infant health. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota is driven by many factors and follows a distinct patterned trajectory, with specific bacterial taxa establish in the intestine in accordance with developmental milestones as the infant grows. In this review, we highlight how elements such as diet and host physiology select for specific microbial functions and shape the composition of the bacterial community in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Melki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Litvak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wolska M, Wypych TP, Rodríguez-Viso P. The Influence of Premature Birth on the Development of Pulmonary Diseases: Focus on the Microbiome. Metabolites 2024; 14:382. [PMID: 39057705 PMCID: PMC11279213 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, around 11% of neonates are born prematurely, comprising a highly vulnerable population with a myriad of health problems. Premature births are often accompanied by an underdeveloped immune system biased towards a Th2 phenotype and microbiota dysbiosis. Typically, a healthy gut microbiota interacts with the host, driving the proper maturation of the host immunity. However, factors like cesarean section, formula milk feeding, hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), and routine antibiotic treatments compromise microbial colonization and increase the risk of developing related diseases. This, along with alterations in the innate immune system, could predispose the neonates to the development of respiratory diseases later in life. Currently, therapeutic strategies are mainly focused on restoring gut microbiota composition using probiotics and prebiotics. Understanding the interactions between the gut microbiota and the immature immune system in premature neonates could help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating or preventing gut-lung axis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Piotr Wypych
- Laboratory of Host-Microbiota Interactions, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.R.-V.)
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García-Lara NR, Escuder-Vieco D, Cabrera-Lafuente M, Keller K, De Diego-Poncela C, Jiménez-González C, Núñez-Ramos R, Flores-Antón B, Escribano-Palomino E, Alonso-Díaz C, Vázquez-Román S, Ureta-Velasco N, Cruz-Bértolo JDL, Pallás-Alonso CR. Clinical Impact of Supplementation with Pasteurized Donor Human Milk by High-Temperature Short-Time Method versus Holder Method in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1090. [PMID: 38613123 PMCID: PMC11013736 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a frequent and serious problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Donor human milk (DHM) is the best alternative for feeding these babies when mother's own milk (MOM) is not available. Recently, a patented prototype of a High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurizer adapted to a human milk bank setting showed a lesser impact on immunologic components. We designed a multicentre randomized controlled trial that investigates whether, in ELBW infants with an insufficient MOM supply, the administration of HTST pasteurized DHM reduces the incidence of confirmed catheter-associated sepsis compared to DHM pasteurized with the Holder method. From birth until 34 weeks postmenstrual age, patients included in the study received DHM, as a supplement, pasteurized by the Holder or HTST method. A total of 213 patients were randomized; 79 (HTST group) and 81 (Holder group) were included in the analysis. We found no difference in the frequency of nosocomial sepsis between the patients of the two methods-41.8% (33/79) of HTST group patients versus 45.7% (37/81) of Holder group patients, relative risk 0.91 (0.64-1.3), p = 0.62. In conclusion, when MOM is not available, supplementing during admission with DHM pasteurized by the HTST versus Holder method might not have an impact on the incidence of catheter-associated sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raquel García-Lara
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diana Escuder-Vieco
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Cabrera-Lafuente
- Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (C.J.-G.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute for Health Research–IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristin Keller
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina De Diego-Poncela
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
| | - Concepción Jiménez-González
- Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (C.J.-G.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute for Health Research–IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Núñez-Ramos
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Flores-Antón
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Esperanza Escribano-Palomino
- Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (C.J.-G.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute for Health Research–IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Alonso-Díaz
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Vázquez-Román
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia Ureta-Velasco
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier De La Cruz-Bértolo
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Clinical Research Platform IC+12, Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rosa Pallás-Alonso
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.D.D.-P.); (B.F.-A.); (C.A.-D.); (S.V.-R.); (N.U.-V.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Aladina-MGU-Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (D.E.-V.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
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Cheddadi R, Yeramilli V, Martin C. From Mother to Infant, from Placenta to Gut: Understanding Varied Microbiome Profiles in Neonates. Metabolites 2023; 13:1184. [PMID: 38132866 PMCID: PMC10745069 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of human microbiome and gut microbial diversity research has witnessed a profound transformation, driven by advances in omics technologies. These advancements have unveiled essential connections between microbiome alterations and severe conditions, prompting the development of new frameworks through epidemiological studies. Traditionally, it was believed that each individual harbored unique microbial communities acquired early in life, evolving over the course of their lifetime, with little acknowledgment of any prenatal microbial development, but recent research challenges this belief. The neonatal microbiome's onset, influenced by factors like delivery mode and maternal health, remains a subject of intense debate, hinting at potential intrauterine microbial processes. In-depth research reveals associations between microbiome profiles and specific health outcomes, ranging from obesity to neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding these diverse microbiome profiles is essential for unraveling the intricate relationships between the microbiome and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Cheddadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA (C.M.)
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