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Abstract
Non-plaque induced diffuse gingival overgrowth represents a broad class of conditions caused by several etiological factors. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent updates and classifications of all the existent gingival overgrowths. In addition, we highlighted the diagnostic pathway that should be employed in patients affected by gingival overgrowth. Gingival overgrowth can be related to syndromic diseases including a wide spectrum of genetic and chromosomal alterations. However, thanks to scientific sharing and the availability of genetic panels it is possible to obtain an accurate phenotypic identification of well-known syndromes and also to identify new ones. This narrative review shows that through rigid, strict diagnostic protocols, the work of the clinician is greatly facilitated, despite the wide variety of pathologies considered. In conclusion, the exchange of specialists’ competencies and the multidisciplinary management of these patients, are crucial to reach diagnosis and the correct clinical-therapeutic management.
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Evaluation of Therapeutic Benefits of a Novel Herbal Ingredient-Based Hyaluronic Acid Gel as Monotherapy for Inflammatory Enlargement of a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:4872959. [PMID: 35154833 PMCID: PMC8837455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4872959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The reason for the destruction of the attachment apparatus in patients with periodontal disease is the supra- and the subgingival microflora. Hence, the treatment of this inflammatory gingival disease is primarily focused on eliminating the cause. The present case report assessed the therapeutic benefit of adjunctive use of a commercially available topical agent containing 1% hyaluronic acid gel combined with nonsurgical periodontal therapy. A patient aged 64 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus reported to the Department of Periodontology. He complained of gum enlargement and frequent bleeding during brushing. The patient was not under any medication for his diabetes control. On examination, there was a localized papillary gingival enlargement. Therefore, Klirich gel containing hyaluronic acid was applied on the surface of the gingiva during the first visit of the patient. During the follow-up visit, he continued with this adjunctive use of the gel along with the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. In addition, he controlled his blood sugar level with diet and exercise. During the follow-up visit after one year, there was a noticeable clinical change in the overall health of his gingiva.
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Bayram Y, White JJ, Elcioglu N, Cho MT, Zadeh N, Gedikbasi A, Palanduz S, Ozturk S, Cefle K, Kasapcopur O, Coban Akdemir Z, Pehlivan D, Begtrup A, Carvalho CM, Paine IS, Mentes A, Bektas-Kayhan K, Karaca E, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Lupski JR. REST Final-Exon-Truncating Mutations Cause Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:149-156. [PMID: 28686854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is the most common genetic form of gingival fibromatosis that develops as a slowly progressive, benign, localized or generalized enlargement of keratinized gingiva. HGF is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and can be transmitted either as an autosomal-dominant or autosomal-recessive trait or appear sporadically. To date, four loci (2p22.1, 2p23.3-p22.3, 5q13-q22, and 11p15) have been mapped to autosomes and one gene (SOS1) has been associated with the HGF trait observed to segregate in a dominant inheritance pattern. Here we report 11 individuals with HGF from three unrelated families. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed three different truncating mutations including two frameshifts and one nonsense variant in RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) in the probands from all families and further genetic and genomic analyses confirmed the WES-identified findings. REST is a transcriptional repressor that is expressed throughout the body; it has different roles in different cellular contexts, such as oncogenic and tumor-suppressor functions and hematopoietic and cardiac differentiation. Here we show the consequences of germline final-exon-truncating mutations in REST for organismal development and the association with the HGF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Horváth ON, Kapser C, Sárdy M. [Inflammatory diseases of oral mucous membranes]. Hautarzt 2016; 67:786-792. [PMID: 27576550 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-016-3862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucous membranes are involved in many different inflammatory disorders. METHODS We describe the clinical features, diagnostic workup, and therapy of inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes. RESULTS The diagnostic workup is based on medical history, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and serology. Inadequate dental hygiene is one of the main pathogenetic factors. Treatment options depend on the diagnosis, underlying cause, and disease severity. Both local and systemic immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory strategies may be effective. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic and therapeutic management of inflammatory mucous membrane disorders is usually more difficult than that of skin diseases and requires interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Horváth
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - C Kapser
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - M Sárdy
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, München, Deutschland.
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Sibaud V, Vigarios E, Tavitian S, Cougoul P, de Bataille C, Campana F, Fricain JC. [Gingival enlargement: Practical management]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016; 143:467-81. [PMID: 27259395 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Sibaud
- Oncodermatologie, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer, Toulouse oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - E Vigarios
- Médecine bucco-dentaire, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer, Toulouse oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; UFR d'odontologie, 3, rue des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - S Tavitian
- Hématologie, institut universitaire du cancer, Toulouse oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - P Cougoul
- Médecine interne, institut universitaire du cancer, Toulouse oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - C de Bataille
- Médecine bucco-dentaire, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, institut Claudius-Regaud, institut universitaire du cancer, Toulouse oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; UFR d'odontologie, 3, rue des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - F Campana
- Chirurgie orale, centre Massilien de la face, 24, avenue du Prado, 13006 Marseille, France
| | - J-C Fricain
- Chirurgie orale, consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies de la muqueuse buccale, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; UFR d'odontologie, 16-20, cours de la Marne, 33082 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Hypertrophie gingivale révélant une leucémie myélomonocytaire aiguë. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-014-0467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sun WL, Lei LH, Chen LL, Yu ZS, Zhou JW. Multiple gingival pregnancy tumors with rapid growth. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sivolella S, De Biagi M, Sartori MT, Berengo M, Bressan E. Destructive membranous periodontal disease (ligneous gingivitis): a literature review. J Periodontol 2011; 83:465-76. [PMID: 21859319 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destructive membranous periodontal disease, or ligneous gingivitis, is a rare condition involving nodular gingival enlargement with ulceration and periodontal tissue destruction. This review gives a brief account of the cases reported in the literature. An effort is also made to define the periodontal disease caused by plasminogen deficiency with a view to its potential inclusion in the classification of periodontal diseases. METHODS A MEDLINE/PubMed and manual search was conducted to find papers describing ≥1 case of ligneous disease involving the oral mucosa. RESULTS We identified 23 articles reporting 35 cases. For each patient, we analyzed various characteristics, including age, sex, age of onset, oral symptoms, histologic features, plasminogen levels (functional activity, plasma antigen), genetic features, treatment, and results of treatment during the reported follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Ligneous gingivitis is a rare periodontal disorder closely associated with ligneous conjunctivitis and plasminogen deficiency. Its diagnosis may be supported by the finding of genetic mutations responsible for the condition. Research is focusing on the future development of an effective therapy capable of arresting the destructive evolution of the disease. Additional studies, investigating features such as probing depth and attachment loss, are needed for the appropriate classification of this periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sivolella
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Padova, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Padova, Italy.
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Güleç AT, Haberal M. Lip and oral mucosal lesions in 100 renal transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 62:96-101. [PMID: 19926164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) appear to be more susceptible to the development of oral mucosal disease and lip cancer as a result of graft-preserving immunosuppressive therapy. However, reports regarding these pathologies other than lip cancer are scarce and not studied in a detailed manner in this patient population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rates and clinical features of lip lesions and oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in RTRs. METHODS In all, 100 consecutive RTRs (21 female and 79 male) and 79 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects (23 female and 56 male) were screened for all pathologic and pseudopathologic lip lesions and OMLs, with special interest on precancerous and cancerous lesions. Information about possible associated risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption was also obtained. Dermatologic investigation included clinical observation and direct microscopic examination, culture, and histopathological evaluation when indicated. RESULTS One or more lip lesions, OMLs, or both were noted in every participant of both groups. Fordyce spots on the lips was the most common lesion in the patient group (73%), followed by diffuse gingival enlargement (39%), fissured tongue (35%), and oral candidiasis (26%). The last 3 disorders were significantly more common in RTRs, whereas the frequency of Fordyce spots in patients and control subjects was similar. No actinic cheilitis, lip cancer, or oral malignancy was observed. LIMITATIONS This was a relatively small sample size for evaluating precancerous and cancerous lip lesions and OMLs, as they are less frequently observed than benign lesions. CONCLUSIONS Some of the benign OMLs (oral candidiasis and diffuse gingival enlargement) are increased in RTRs mainly as a result of the immunosuppressive therapy or drug side effects. Precancerous or cancerous lesions were not observed on the lips or the oral mucosa of our RTRs. This finding is in direct contrast with those of previous studies, yet this can be related to the limited sample size of this study regarding these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tülin Güleç
- Department of Dermatology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Haberal
- Department of General Surgery, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Kowalczyk JP, Ricotti CA, de Araujo T, Drosou A, Nousari CH. “Strawberry gums” in sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:S118-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 05/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Holtzclaw D, Toscano N. Speech Pattern Improvement Following Gingivectomy of Excess Palatal Tissue. J Periodontol 2008; 79:2006-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gallipoli P, Leach M. Gingival infiltration in acute monoblastic leukaemia. Br Dent J 2007; 203:507-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bdj.2007.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chang CW, Chen MJ, Wang TE, Chang WH, Lin CC, Liu CY. Scurvy in a patient with depression. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:1259-61. [PMID: 17372835 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-9018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scurvy is a nearly-forgotten disease in developed countries where adequate nutrition is easily available. It still may occur, however, when, for a variety of reasons, people fail to eat a diet containing adequate vitamin C. We report the case of a 52-year-old patient with depression who developed scurvy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wang Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
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