1
|
Luo X, Ni X, Zhi J, Jiang X, Bai R. Small molecule agents against alopecia: Potential targets and related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116666. [PMID: 39002436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia has emerged as a global concern, extending beyond the middle-aged and elderly population and increasingly affecting younger individuals. Despite its growing prevalence, the treatment options and effective drugs for alopecia remain limited due to the incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the pathogenesis of alopecia and discover novel and safer therapeutic agents. This review provided an overview of the prevailing clinical disorders of alopecia, and the key pathways and targets involved in hair growth process. Additionally, it discusses FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates for the treatment of alopecia, and explores small molecule compounds with anti-alopecia potential in the drug discovery phase. These endeavors are expected to provide researchers with valuable scientific insights and practical information for anti-alopecia drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinhua Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cesarato N, Schwieger-Briel A, Gossmann Y, Henne SK, Hillmann K, Frommherz LH, Wehner M, Xiong X, Thiele H, Oji V, Milani D, Tantcheva-Poor I, Giehl K, Fölster-Holst R, Teichler A, Braeckmans D, Hoeger PH, Jones G, Frank J, Weibel L, Blume-Peytavi U, Hamm H, Nöthen MM, Geyer M, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Basmanav FB, Betz RC. Short anagen hair syndrome: association with mono- and biallelic variants in WNT10A and a genetic overlap with male pattern hair loss. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:741-749. [PMID: 37671665 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short anagen hair (SAH) is a rare paediatric hair disorder characterized by a short anagen phase, an inability to grow long scalp hair and a negative psychological impact. The genetic basis of SAH is currently unknown. OBJECTIVES To perform molecular genetic investigations in 48 individuals with a clinical phenotype suggestive of SAH to identify, if any, the genetic basis of this condition. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 27 patients diagnosed with SAH or with a complaint of short, nongrowing hair. The cohort was screened for variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5% in the general population and a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) score > 15, to identify genes whose variants were enriched in this cohort. Sanger sequencing was used for variant validation and screening of 21 additional individuals with the same clinical diagnosis and their relatives. Genetic association testing of SAH-related variants for male pattern hair loss (MPHL) was performed using UK Biobank data. RESULTS Analyses revealed that 20 individuals (42%) carried mono- or biallelic pathogenic variants in WNT10A. Rare WNT10A variants are associated with a phenotypic spectrum ranging from no clinical signs to severe ectodermal dysplasia. A significant association was found between WNT10A and SAH, and this was mostly observed in individuals with light-coloured hair and regression of the frontoparietal hairline. Notably, the most frequent variant in the cohort [c.682T>A;p.(Phe228Ile)] was in linkage disequilibrium with four common WNT10A variants, all of which have a known association with MPHL. Using UK Biobank data, our analyses showed that c.682T>A;p.(Phe228Ile) and one other variant identified in the SAH cohort are also associated with MPHL, and partially explain the known associations between WNT10A and MPHL. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that WNT10A is associated with SAH and that SAH has a genetic overlap with the common phenotype MPHL. The presumed shared biologic effect of WNT10A variants in SAH and MPHL is a shortening of the anagen phase. Other factors, such as modifier genes and sex, may also play a role in the clinical manifestation of hair phenotypes associated with the WNT10A locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Schwieger-Briel
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Kathrin Hillmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie H Frommherz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Oji
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Donatella Milani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Iliana Tantcheva-Poor
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Giehl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Teichler
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Delphine Braeckmans
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Hoeger
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Jones
- Clinical Genetics Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Weibel
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Hamm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li CL, Chen CC. Progressive Hair Loss With Short Hair in a Child. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:99-100. [PMID: 36416834 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A school-aged girl presented to the dermatology clinic with a 6-year history of hair loss and short hair, and light microscopy of scalp hair shafts revealed no structural abnormalities, such as cuticular damage, twisting, bending, or miniaturization. What is your diagnosis?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Starace M, Gurioli C, Carpanese MA, Bruni F, Piraccini BM, Patrizi A, Alessandrini A. Short anagen syndrome: A case series and algorithm for diagnosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1157-1161. [PMID: 34409646 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a rare idiopathic pediatric disorder characterized by the short duration of the anagen phase. SAS mainly affects Caucasian children. Parents complain of their child's inability to grow long hair. Topical minoxidil may be an effective treatment for SAS; however, a slow spontaneous improvement is typical. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to collect data on out cases of SAS and create an algorithm to facilitate diagnosis of SAS. METHODS A retrospective review of 25 patients with SAS was performed within the Dermatology Department of the University of Bologna. We collected data regarding symptoms, pull test, hair card test, trichoscopy, trichogram, treatments, including biotin and minoxidil, and clinical outcome. RESULTS Characteristic findings included parental reporting that the hair had not required a haircut, hair card test showing hairs with conical-shaped tips, and hair shafts of different diameters, with more 10%-20% of hair shafts less than 60 μm thick on trichoscopy. Trichogram revealed an increased percentage of telogen hair with normal hair shafts and tapering ends. The mean anagen-to-telogen ratio was 66:34 (normal ratio 90:10). CONCLUSION We developed an algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis of this rare hair disease using clinical examination and invasive and non-invasive testing to differentiate SAS from other forms of pediatric alopecia. In conclusion, the collected data of the therapy showed that biotin alone or in combination with topical minoxidil is an effective treatment for SAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Starace
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Gurioli
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Anna Carpanese
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruni
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oberlin KE, Maddy AJ, Martínez-Velasco MA, Vázquez-Herrera NE, Schachner LA, Tosti A. Short anagen syndrome: Case series and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:388-391. [PMID: 29582461 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Short anagen syndrome is a hair cycle disorder usually diagnosed in early childhood and characterized by short hair length due to short duration of the anagen phase. The objective was to review the presentation and demographic characteristics of short anagen syndrome and compare them with the most common differential diagnosis, loose anagen syndrome. METHODS A retrospective review of eight children with short anagen syndrome was performed at the University of Miami Outpatient Dermatology Clinic. RESULTS The diagnosis of short anagen syndrome was confirmed according to clinical findings and characteristic short telogen hairs with pointed tips on the hair pull test. CONCLUSION This is the largest reported clinical series of short anagen syndrome thus far in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Oberlin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Austin J Maddy
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence A Schachner
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martin JM, Montesinos E, Sanchez S, Torres C, Ramon D. Clinical, Microscopic and Ultrastructural Findings in a Case of Short Anagen Syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:e221-e222. [PMID: 28544234 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Short anagen syndrome is an uncommon and recently described disease characterized by many telogen hairs and short maximum hair length. We report here the case of a 3-year-old girl whose short, sparse, fine hair since birth was consistent with short anagen syndrome. X-ray microanalysis demonstrated normal composition of the main bioelements of her hairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sara Sanchez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Catalina Torres
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ramon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kolivras A, Thompson C. Primary scalp alopecia: new histopathological tools, new concepts and a practical guide to diagnosis. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 44:53-69. [PMID: 27682637 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary scalp alopecia remains one of the most challenging fields in dermatopathology. In this review, we would like to connect the established classification of primary alopecia into scarring (cicatricial) and non-scarring (non-cicatricial) with current concepts. We introduce a simplified pathway for the diagnosis of the most common causes of alopecia, including a discussion of tissue processing techniques and use of immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Kolivras
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Curtis Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng YP, Chen YS, Lin SJ, Hsiao CH, Chiu HC, Chan JYL. Minoxidil improved hair density in an Asian girl with short anagen syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1268-1271. [PMID: 27420346 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ching Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yi Lisa Chan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
We present the case of 7-year-old African American girl with loose anagen syndrome. Although this is a common cause of hair loss in Caucasian children, and there have been reports of cases occurring in dark-skinned children of North African and Middle Eastern descent, to our knowledge there have been no cases reported in black children of sub-Saharan African ancestry. We present this case to broaden the differential diagnosis of hair loss in African Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Agi
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bernard Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vujovic A, André J, Stene JJ. Hair That Does Not Grow. Skin Appendage Disord 2015; 1:150-2. [DOI: 10.1159/000441125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate the growth of eyelashes have remained obscure. We ascertained two families from Pakistan who presented with familial trichomegaly, or extreme eyelash growth. Using a combination of whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping, we identified distinct pathogenic mutations within fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) that underlie the disorder. Subsequent sequencing of this gene in several additional trichomegaly families identified an additional mutation in FGF5. We further demonstrated that hair fibers from forearms of these patients were significantly longer than hairs from control individuals, with an increased proportion in the growth phase, anagen. Using hair follicle organ cultures, we show that FGF5 induces regression of the human hair follicle. We have identified FGF5 as a crucial regulator of hair growth in humans for the first time, to our knowledge, and uncovered a therapeutic target to selectively regulate eyelash growth.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a condition in which hair does not grow long. It usually perceived by parents in children around 2-4 years of age. It is a benign disease of the hair cycle. The condition is relevant from the standpoint of differential diagnosis with loose anagen syndrome. We report a case of SAS in a Hispanic 3-year-old girl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Herskovitz
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhepe NV, Naik AS. Short Anagen Syndrome in an Indian Woman with its Impact on Quality-of-Life. Int J Trichology 2013; 4:271-2. [PMID: 23766612 PMCID: PMC3681109 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a recently described entity characterized by idiopathic shortening of anagen phase. The condition is poorly described in Indian population. We describe the 1st Indian case with clinico-pathological features of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed with SAS. Case was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination, trichogram, microscopic examination of the hair shaft, histopathologic examination of scalp, and measurement of hair growth rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niteen V Dhepe
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Dhepe's Skin City, Postgraduate Institute of Dermatology, Sadhu Vaswani Chowk, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Doche I, Donati A, Valente NS, Romiti R, Hordinsky MK. Short anagen syndrome in a girl with curly dark hair and consanguineous parents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:e279-80. [PMID: 23158639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Jung HD, Kim JE, Kang H. Short anagen syndrome successfully controlled with topical minoxidil and systemic cyclosporine A combination therapy. J Dermatol 2011; 38:1108-1110. [PMID: 21545502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dam Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Plikus MV, Baker RE, Chen CC, Fare C, de la Cruz D, Andl T, Maini PK, Millar SE, Widelitz R, Chuong CM. Self-organizing and stochastic behaviors during the regeneration of hair stem cells. Science 2011; 332:586-9. [PMID: 21527712 PMCID: PMC3321266 DOI: 10.1126/science.1201647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells cycle through active and quiescent states. Large populations of stem cells in an organ may cycle randomly or in a coordinated manner. Although stem cell cycling within single hair follicles has been studied, less is known about regenerative behavior in a hair follicle population. By combining predictive mathematical modeling with in vivo studies in mice and rabbits, we show that a follicle progresses through cycling stages by continuous integration of inputs from intrinsic follicular and extrinsic environmental signals based on universal patterning principles. Signaling from the WNT/bone morphogenetic protein activator/inhibitor pair is coopted to mediate interactions among follicles in the population. This regenerative strategy is robust and versatile because relative activator/inhibitor strengths can be modulated easily, adapting the organism to different physiological and evolutionary needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V. Plikus
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ruth E. Baker
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, 24-29 St. Giles’, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Chih-Chiang Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University and Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Clyde Fare
- Life Sciences Interface Doctoral Training Centre, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Damon de la Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, 24-29 St. Giles’, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randall Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a recently described disease, but is rarely reported in the literature probably because of its under-recognized status. It is characterized by the inability to grow long hair because of an idiopathic short anagen phase. The condition is not associated with hair shaft fragility or hair unruliness. The patients complain of abnormally short scalp hair and report that they never had a haircut. The condition is benign and most of the reported cases had no associated systemic diseases or skin disorders. Hair length tends to improve spontaneously after puberty. The main differential diagnoses include loose anagen hair syndrome (LAS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giacomini
- Division 2 of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Avashia N, Woolery-Lloyd H, Tosti A, Romanelli P. Short anagen syndrome in an African American woman. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:1092-3. [PMID: 20546972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Short anagen syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by the inability to grow long hair and an increase in the number of hairs in telogen. The incidence of short anagen syndrome is poorly documented in the medical literature. In all reports, patients are Caucasian and usually have fine blond hair. We report a case of a 38-year-old African American woman with short anagen syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Avashia
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33140, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Egmond S, Hoedemaker C, Sinclair R. Short anagen hair naevus: improvement after treatment with 5% topical minoxidil. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46:757-9. [PMID: 17614811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia van Egmond
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|