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Luo X, Ni X, Zhi J, Jiang X, Bai R. Small molecule agents against alopecia: Potential targets and related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116666. [PMID: 39002436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia has emerged as a global concern, extending beyond the middle-aged and elderly population and increasingly affecting younger individuals. Despite its growing prevalence, the treatment options and effective drugs for alopecia remain limited due to the incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the pathogenesis of alopecia and discover novel and safer therapeutic agents. This review provided an overview of the prevailing clinical disorders of alopecia, and the key pathways and targets involved in hair growth process. Additionally, it discusses FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates for the treatment of alopecia, and explores small molecule compounds with anti-alopecia potential in the drug discovery phase. These endeavors are expected to provide researchers with valuable scientific insights and practical information for anti-alopecia drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinhua Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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Starace M, Gurioli C, Carpanese MA, Bruni F, Piraccini BM, Patrizi A, Alessandrini A. Short anagen syndrome: A case series and algorithm for diagnosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1157-1161. [PMID: 34409646 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a rare idiopathic pediatric disorder characterized by the short duration of the anagen phase. SAS mainly affects Caucasian children. Parents complain of their child's inability to grow long hair. Topical minoxidil may be an effective treatment for SAS; however, a slow spontaneous improvement is typical. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to collect data on out cases of SAS and create an algorithm to facilitate diagnosis of SAS. METHODS A retrospective review of 25 patients with SAS was performed within the Dermatology Department of the University of Bologna. We collected data regarding symptoms, pull test, hair card test, trichoscopy, trichogram, treatments, including biotin and minoxidil, and clinical outcome. RESULTS Characteristic findings included parental reporting that the hair had not required a haircut, hair card test showing hairs with conical-shaped tips, and hair shafts of different diameters, with more 10%-20% of hair shafts less than 60 μm thick on trichoscopy. Trichogram revealed an increased percentage of telogen hair with normal hair shafts and tapering ends. The mean anagen-to-telogen ratio was 66:34 (normal ratio 90:10). CONCLUSION We developed an algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis of this rare hair disease using clinical examination and invasive and non-invasive testing to differentiate SAS from other forms of pediatric alopecia. In conclusion, the collected data of the therapy showed that biotin alone or in combination with topical minoxidil is an effective treatment for SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Starace
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Gurioli
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Anna Carpanese
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruni
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Dermatology -IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Oberlin KE, Maddy AJ, Martínez-Velasco MA, Vázquez-Herrera NE, Schachner LA, Tosti A. Short anagen syndrome: Case series and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:388-391. [PMID: 29582461 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Short anagen syndrome is a hair cycle disorder usually diagnosed in early childhood and characterized by short hair length due to short duration of the anagen phase. The objective was to review the presentation and demographic characteristics of short anagen syndrome and compare them with the most common differential diagnosis, loose anagen syndrome. METHODS A retrospective review of eight children with short anagen syndrome was performed at the University of Miami Outpatient Dermatology Clinic. RESULTS The diagnosis of short anagen syndrome was confirmed according to clinical findings and characteristic short telogen hairs with pointed tips on the hair pull test. CONCLUSION This is the largest reported clinical series of short anagen syndrome thus far in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Oberlin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Austin J Maddy
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence A Schachner
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Jackson Health System/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Kolivras A, Thompson C. Primary scalp alopecia: new histopathological tools, new concepts and a practical guide to diagnosis. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 44:53-69. [PMID: 27682637 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary scalp alopecia remains one of the most challenging fields in dermatopathology. In this review, we would like to connect the established classification of primary alopecia into scarring (cicatricial) and non-scarring (non-cicatricial) with current concepts. We introduce a simplified pathway for the diagnosis of the most common causes of alopecia, including a discussion of tissue processing techniques and use of immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Kolivras
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Curtis Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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Cheng YP, Chen YS, Lin SJ, Hsiao CH, Chiu HC, Chan JYL. Minoxidil improved hair density in an Asian girl with short anagen syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1268-1271. [PMID: 27420346 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ching Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yi Lisa Chan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tanus A, Oliveira CCC, Villarreal DJV, Sanchez FAV, Dias MFRG. Black women's hair: the main scalp dermatoses and aesthetic practices in women of African ethnicity. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 90:450-65. [PMID: 26375213 PMCID: PMC4560533 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Afro-ethnic hair is different from Caucasian and Asian hair and has unique features. Ethnic hair is more prone to certain conditions or diseases. Such diseases are not only related to the fragile inner structure of the hair, but also to the cultural habits of hairstyles that often exert traction forces upon the pilosebaceous follicle. Women with African hair subject their hair to chemical treatments such as hair straightening and relaxing, and thus modify the structure of their hair shaft, making it more susceptible to damage. For this reason, hair complaints are common among black women and represent a diagnostic challenge to the dermatologist, requiring a thorough clinical examination of the hair and scalp, and a detailed medical history of the patient. The purpose of this review is to warn of the potential side effects and sequelae related to hairstyles and hair treatments used by black women, and to highlight the major diseases that affect this ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Tanus
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Camila Caberlon Cruz Oliveira
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Andres Vargas Sanchez
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Rio de Janeiro
(RJ), Brazil
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Vujovic A, André J, Stene JJ. Hair That Does Not Grow. Skin Appendage Disord 2015; 1:150-2. [DOI: 10.1159/000441125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a condition in which hair does not grow long. It usually perceived by parents in children around 2-4 years of age. It is a benign disease of the hair cycle. The condition is relevant from the standpoint of differential diagnosis with loose anagen syndrome. We report a case of SAS in a Hispanic 3-year-old girl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Herskovitz
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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Dhepe NV, Naik AS. Short Anagen Syndrome in an Indian Woman with its Impact on Quality-of-Life. Int J Trichology 2013; 4:271-2. [PMID: 23766612 PMCID: PMC3681109 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a recently described entity characterized by idiopathic shortening of anagen phase. The condition is poorly described in Indian population. We describe the 1st Indian case with clinico-pathological features of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed with SAS. Case was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination, trichogram, microscopic examination of the hair shaft, histopathologic examination of scalp, and measurement of hair growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niteen V Dhepe
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Dhepe's Skin City, Postgraduate Institute of Dermatology, Sadhu Vaswani Chowk, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Doche I, Donati A, Valente NS, Romiti R, Hordinsky MK. Short anagen syndrome in a girl with curly dark hair and consanguineous parents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:e279-80. [PMID: 23158639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jung HD, Kim JE, Kang H. Short anagen syndrome successfully controlled with topical minoxidil and systemic cyclosporine A combination therapy. J Dermatol 2011; 38:1108-1110. [PMID: 21545502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dam Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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