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Lim HW, Saint Aroman M, Skayem C, Halioua B, Perez Cullell N, Ben Hayoun Y, Baissac C, Bergqvist C, Taieb C, Richard MA, Ezzedine K. Sun exposure and protection habits: Self-reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38738687 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As exposure to UV radiation is the primary modifiable environmental risk factor associated with skin cancer, it remains the principal focus of most prevention strategies. Numerous sun protection campaigns have been implemented worldwide; however, their impact on the actual incidence and mortality rates of skin cancer seems to be limited. To create successful skin cancer prevention campaigns, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of individuals' attitudes and behaviours regarding sun protection. The aim of the current study was to determine and report on the prevalence of self-reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours regarding two of the major sun protection recommendations-avoidance of sun exposure and use of sunscreens-in an international representative sample across five continents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 countries using a web-based online survey. FINDINGS A total of 50,552 individuals, comprising 25,388 men (50.22%) and 25,164 women (49.78%), participated in the survey. Among them, 83.2% reported having been voluntarily exposed to the sun (for sun-basking reasons) at least once in the last 12 months, and 47.96% acknowledged being exposed to the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM. The primary reason for non-adherence was that these hours were the most convenient times (32.28%). Only 24.05% reported applying sunscreen every 2 h when outdoors. Forgetfulness was the primary reason as provided by 27.79% of participants. Males and older age groups were less likely to adopt sun-protective behaviours around the world. Forgetfulness and the challenges posed by time constraints seem to be the biggest barriers to proper adherence. INTERPRETATION These findings should prompt the collaboration with health authorities and the manufacturers to enhance adherence by setting reasonable sunscreen prices and creating formulations that make their application less burdensome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Charbel Skayem
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Saclay University, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Baissac
- Patient Centricity Department, Pharma, Dermocosmetics Care & Personal Care, Pierre Fabre, Paris, France
| | - Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Charles Taieb
- Patient Priority Department, European Market Maintenance Assessment, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Marie-Aleth Richard
- Dermatology Department, CEReSS-EA 3279, Research Centre in Health Services and Quality of Life Aix Marseille University, University Hospital Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France
- EA 7379 EpidermE, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
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Choi S, Mulvaney P. Evaluating the landscape of discount and patient assistance programs for topical sunscreen products in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:580-582. [PMID: 37146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Choi
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Patrick Mulvaney
- From the Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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3
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McKenzie C, Nahm WJ, Kearney CA, Zampella JG. Sun-protective behaviors and sunburn among US adults. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1665-1674. [PMID: 36790452 PMCID: PMC9930066 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Individuals can reduce the risk of developing skin cancer by minimizing ultraviolet sunlight exposure, though recent trends in sun-protective behaviors remain to be investigated. To evaluate sun-protective behaviors and sunburn among US adults. We analyzed data from the 2010, 2015, and 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual, cross-sectional survey conducted by the US Census Bureau. Multivariable regression models were stratified by demographic variables and constructed to evaluate sun-protective behaviors and sunburn avoidance across time. From 2010 through 2020, US adults had significantly increased prevalence of seeking shade (p value, 0.003), wearing wide-brimmed hats (< 0.001), wearing long-sleeved shirts (< 0.001), using sunscreen (< 0.001), and avoiding sunburns (< 0.001) and significantly decreased prevalence of sun avoidance (< 0.001). Disparities in sun-protective behaviors also exist among different sexes, ages, education levels, and those reporting higher sun sensitivity. This cross-sectional study found that by 2020, US adults had an increased prevalence of wearing sun-protective clothing and sunscreen use, though decreased prevalence of sun avoidance. Although certain sun-protective behaviors have become more prevalent, the incidence of skin cancer continues to rise. Efforts to understand drivers of sun-protective behaviors and targeted intervention efforts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costner McKenzie
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 555 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - William J Nahm
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John G Zampella
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 555 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
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Conte S, Aldien AS, Jetté S, LeBeau J, Alli S, Netchiporouk E, Lagacé F, Lefrançois P, Iannattone L, Litvinov IV. Skin Cancer Prevention across the G7, Australia and New Zealand: A Review of Legislation and Guidelines. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6019-6040. [PMID: 37489567 PMCID: PMC10377770 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers have been on the rise globally in recent decades. While there has been a select focus on personal sun protection awareness, to our knowledge, there is a paucity of legislation in place to help support citizens' efforts to protect themselves from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Given this, we conducted a comprehensive review of legislation and guidelines pertaining to a variety of sun protection-related topics in countries of the Group of Seven (G7), Australia and New Zealand. Australia was the only country to have banned tanning beds for individuals of all ages, while other select countries have instituted bans for minors. In workplace policy, there is very little recognition of the danger of occupational UVR exposure in outdoor workers, and thus very few protective measures are in place. With regard to sports and recreation, certain dermatological/professional associations have put forward recommendations, but no legislation was brought forward by government bodies outside of Australia and New Zealand. With regard to youth, while there are various guidelines and frameworks in place across several countries, adherence remains difficult in the absence of concrete legislation and standardization of procedures. Finally, only Australia and a few select jurisdictions in the United States have implemented sales tax exemptions for sunscreen products. In light of our findings, we have made several recommendations, which we anticipate will help reduce the rates of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers in years to come. However, minimizing UVR exposure is not without risk, and we, therefore, suggest the promotion of vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with sun protective practices to limit potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Conte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Ammar Saed Aldien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Sébastien Jetté
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jonathan LeBeau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Sauliha Alli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - François Lagacé
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Philippe Lefrançois
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lisa Iannattone
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Wang L, Cui X, Dong Q, Liang W, Jin H. A transparent kaolinite-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite sunscreen with UV shielding rate over 99% based on bidirectional dispersion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:075601. [PMID: 36317247 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9e05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized TiO2and ZnO are the most efficient and widely used inorganic sunscreen, but they still have some drawbacks including agglomeration, delamination, clogging pores and high cost. In this study, a kaolinite-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite sunscreen was prepared and the key technical problems in application of inorganic nano-sized sunscreens was solved. The synthesized kaolinite-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, XRF and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The SEM image of the nanocomposite suggests that agglomeration of nano-ZnO is avoided by bidirectional dispersion of superfine kaolinite powder and nano-ZnO. Nano-effect and UV shielding rate are enhanced and the nanocomposite sunscreen possesses UV shielding efficiency of 1 + 1 > 2. The UV shielding rate of the nanocomposite sunscreen is greater than 99%, only 10% addition of it endows ordinary skin care products with excellent UV protective efficacy. Moreover, the content of nano-ZnO is reduced by half through introduction of kaolinite, the cost of the sunscreen is lowered, delamination and pore clogging are avoided. This work provides a technical approach for producing stronger, safer and more economical popularized anti-UV skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Cui
- College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
- School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 402260, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuye Dong
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicong Liang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejie Jin
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
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Hanna H, Patel S, Kundu RV. Cost and quality in consumer sunscreen preferences. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:925-931. [PMID: 36416977 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunscreen use is an important modifiable behavior to protect against skin cancer, photoaging, and sunburn. Product costs and characteristics may influence accessibility and usage of sunscreen. This study aims to determine preferences for sunscreen attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) for an ideal sunscreen product. METHODS Adult volunteers 18 years or older were contacted on ResearchMatch. Of 670 responses, 489 surveys were completed and 2 were excluded based on the inclusion criterion. Online survey responses were collected in REDCap from July-September 2019. The online survey queried sunscreen attribute preferences and then respondent preferences were compiled into individualized descriptions of ideal products. Respondents were then asked to make purchasing decisions on these products. WTP was determined by analyzing product attributes and purchasing decisions. Attribute preferences were reported as numerical ratings of Importance and Desirability. WTP was calculated by linear regression of purchasing decision data. Qualitative comments about sunscreen preferences were also collected. RESULTS The study involved 487 participants aged 18-85 years (mean 43.6, SD 15.7) and 84.4% (N = 411) female. The most popular attributes included complete prevention of skin cancer and sunburn. WTP for an ideal product was $30.10 ± 2.11 for one month of use. CONCLUSIONS Consumers provide high values in WTP for sunscreen. Dermatologists should consider cost and variability in attribute preferences when recommending sunscreens to patients. Further study is required to determine the effects, if any, of cost and attributes on adherence to sunscreen use in specific populations.
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O'Connell G, O'Connor C, Bourke J, Murphy M. Reimbursement systems as a barrier to sunscreen use for organ transplant recipients: A community pharmacist survey. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:263-265. [PMID: 33338278 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret O'Connell
- Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal O'Connor
- Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Bourke
- Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Breneman A, Hancock J, Breneman C, Kadekaro AL, Breneman D. Evaluation of the cost and efficacy of home-formulated sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:1483-1485. [PMID: 32707259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Breneman
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Julie Hancock
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Debra Breneman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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9
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Ho BK, Reidy K, Huerta I, Dilley K, Crawford S, Hultgren BA, Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Robinson JK. Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Sun Protection Program for Young Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:334-42. [PMID: 26857829 PMCID: PMC5522744 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Emphasizing sun protection behaviors among young children may minimize sun damage and foster lifelong sun protection behaviors that will reduce the likelihood of developing skin cancer, especially melanoma. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a multicomponent sun protection program delivered in pediatric clinics during the summer could increase summertime sun protection among young children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized controlled clinical trial with 4-week follow-up that included 300 parents or relatives (hereafter simply referred to as caregivers [mean age, 36.0 years]) who brought the child (2-6 years of age) in their care to an Advocate Medical Group clinic during the period from May 15 to August 14, 2015. Of the 300 caregiver-child pairs, 153 (51.0%) were randomly assigned to receive a read-along book, swim shirt, and weekly text-message reminders related to sun protection behaviors (intervention group) and 147 (49.0%) were randomly assigned to receive the information usually provided at a well-child visit (control group). Data analysis was performed from August 20 to 30, 2015. INTERVENTION Multicomponent sun protection program composed of a read-along book, swim shirt, and weekly text-message reminders related to sun protection behaviors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes were caregiver-reported use of sun protection by the child (seeking shade and wearing sun-protective clothing and sunscreen) using a 5-point Likert scale, duration of outdoor activities, and number of children who had sunburn or skin irritation. The biologic measurement of the skin pigment of a child's arm was performed with a spectrophotometer at baseline and 4 weeks later. RESULTS Of the 300 caregiver-child pairs, the 153 children in the intervention group had significantly higher scores related to sun protection behaviors on both sunny (mean [SE], 15.748 [0.267] for the intervention group; mean [SE], 14.780 [0.282] for the control group; mean difference, 0.968) and cloudy days (mean [SE], 14.286 [0.282] for the intervention group; mean [SE], 12.850 [0.297] for the control group; mean difference, 1.436). Examination of pigmentary changes by spectrophotometry revealed that the children in the control group significantly increased their melanin levels, whereas the children in the intervention group did not have a significant change in melanin level on their protected upper arms (P < .001 for skin type 1, P = .008 for skin type 2, and P < .001 for skin types 4-6). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A multicomponent intervention using text-message reminders and distribution of read-along books and swim shirts was associated with increased sun protection behaviors among young children. This was corroborated by a smaller change in skin pigment among children receiving the intervention. This implementable program can help augment anticipatory sun protection guidance in pediatric clinics and decrease children's future skin cancer risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02376517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron K. Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katie Reidy
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Imelda Huerta
- Advocate Children’s Hospital, Park Ridge and Oak Lawn, Illinois
| | | | - Susan Crawford
- Advocate Children’s Hospital, Park Ridge and Oak Lawn, Illinois
| | - Brittney A. Hultgren
- Biobehavioral Health and Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Kimberly A. Mallett
- Biobehavioral Health and Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Biobehavioral Health and Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - June K. Robinson
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois4Editor, JAMA Dermatology
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Holman DM, Berkowitz Z, Guy GP, Hawkins NA, Saraiya M, Watson M. Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:83-92.e1. [PMID: 26002066 PMCID: PMC4475428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunscreen is a common form of sun protection, but little is known about patterns of use. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from the 2013 Summer ConsumerStyles survey (N = 4033), we calculated descriptive statistics and adjusted risk ratios to identify characteristics associated with regular sunscreen use (always/most of the time when outside on a warm sunny day for ≥1 hour). RESULTS Few adults regularly used sunscreen on the face (men: 18.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.8-20.6; women: 42.6%, 95% CI 39.5-46.7), other exposed skin (men: 19.9%, 95% CI 17.5-22.6; women: 34.4%, 95% CI 31.5-37.5), or both the face and other exposed skin (men: 14.3%, 95% CI 12.3-16.6; women: 29.9%, 95% CI 27.2-32.8). Regular use was associated with sun-sensitive skin, an annual household income ≥$60,000, and meeting aerobic activity guidelines (Ps < .05). Nearly 40% of users were unsure if their sunscreen provided broad-spectrum protection. LIMITATIONS Reliance on self-report and lack of information on sunscreen reapplication or other sun-safety practices are limitations. CONCLUSION Sunscreen use is low, especially among certain demographic groups. These findings can inform sun-safety interventions and the interpretation of surveillance data on sunscreen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Holman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Zahava Berkowitz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gery P Guy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nikki A Hawkins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mona Saraiya
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meg Watson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
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Assessing the current market of sunscreen: a cross-sectional study of sunscreen availability in three metropolitan counties in the United States. J Skin Cancer 2014; 2014:285357. [PMID: 24955250 PMCID: PMC4052569 DOI: 10.1155/2014/285357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen use is recommended for the prevention of sunburn and skin cancer. Little is known regarding sunscreen availability in high versus low income communities. We analyzed sunscreen availability in three large metropolitan counties to determine the relationship between availability and community demographics. We included sun care products in all pharmacies and supermarkets open as of July 2013 in representative high and low income zip codes in Cook County, Illinois, Miami-Dade County, Florida, and San Diego County, California. We recorded the percentage of tanning oil, sunscreens with a sun protection factor (SPF) < 15, SPF > 15, physical sunscreens, spray sunscreens, mean price per ounce (PPO), and mean SPF. Of the total products assessed, 11.0% were tanning oils, with physical sunscreens accounting for only 3.4% of the available sunscreens and 46.2% of sunscreens being spray-on. A comparison between higher and lower income zip codes demonstrated a significantly increased percentage of sunscreens with SPF < 15 in high income zip codes. Lower income zip codes had higher percentages of sunscreens with SPF > 15 and higher PPO, even when taking into account SPF. Further studies of sunscreen usage patterns in different populations must take into account sunscreen availability and price, as these significantly differ based on the community demographic.
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Everett Jones S, O'Malley Olsen E, Michael SL, Saraiya M. Association of UV index and sunscreen use among White high school students in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2013; 83:750-756. [PMID: 24020690 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When used appropriately, sunscreen decreases the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure to the skin and is recommended to prevent skin cancer. This study examined the association between annual average UV index and sunscreen use among White, non-Hispanic youth. METHODS The 2007 and 2009 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data were analyzed. The YRBS is a school-based, cross-sectional study that uses a 3-stage cluster sample design to obtain a nationally representative sample of public and private high school students in the United States. Overall response rates were 68% and 72% (N = 14,041 and 16,410, respectively). Logistic regression analyzes, controlling for grade, examined whether annual average (mean) UV index where students attend school, a proxy measure of potential sunlight exposure, was associated with sunscreen use. RESULTS Among White male students, as the mean UV index increased, the adjusted odds of never wearing sunscreen increased (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.15 [95% CI = 1.04, 1.27], p < .01) and the adjusted odds of most of the time or always wearing sunscreen decreased (AOR = 0.85 [0.78, 0.94], p < .01). There was no association between sunscreen use and mean UV index among White female students. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a need for renewed public health efforts among school, clinical, and public health professionals to promote sunscreen use as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent skin cancer. School and community approaches that passively protect young people from the sun should be considered as a complement to efforts to increase sunscreen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Everett Jones
- Health Scientist, , Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS K29, Atlanta, GA 30341
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Sánchez G, Nova J. Factores de riesgo de carcinoma espinocelular, un estudio del Centro Nacional de Dermatología de Colombia. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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14
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Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, a study by the National Dermatology Centre of Colombia. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:672-8. [PMID: 23968667 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in white individuals. The risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma, which belongs to the family of nonmelanoma skin cancers, have not been studied in Colombia. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma in patients at a national referral center for skin diseases in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study that evaluated sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors among 332 individuals. Risk was calculated as odds ratio (ORs) using the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis method. RESULTS The following risk factors were identified: family history of skin cancer (OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.4-28.9), living in a rural area after the age of 30 years (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2), a lifetime working outdoors (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7), smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.3-6.5), actinic conjunctivitis (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.2-5.9), poikiloderma of Civatte (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.7-6.1), numerous facial actinic keratoses (OR, 9.23; 95% CI, 4.9-17.1), and numerous freckles (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.3-10.1). CONCLUSIONS We have documented clinical characteristics and personal history factors that should guide the physician in making decisions on the preventive and follow-up measures to be adopted for individuals at risk of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings may help guide policy for controlling the disease using local information.
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Thomas BR, Barnabas A, Agarwal K, Aluvihare V, Suddle AR, Higgins EM, O'Grady JG, Heaton ND, Heneghan MA. Patient perception of skin-cancer prevention and risk after liver transplantation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:851-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - E. M. Higgins
- Department of Dermatology; King's College Hospital; London UK
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Mahé E, Assathiany R, Fay-Chatelard F, Taylor M, Bouvresse S, Navel M, Saiag P, Chevallier B, Beauchet A. Counselling on sun protection, a survey of French paediatricians. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e424-7. [PMID: 23078647 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sun exposure during childhood is an important risk factor for skin cancers at adulthood. Paediatricians are first in line to provide sun protection (SP) information. OBJECTIVE To describe paediatricians' attitudes towards SP counselling and compare French and American paediatricians' behaviours. METHODS Methodology used by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2001. Validation of the French version of the questionnaire. Survey of all 1108 paediatrician members of the Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA) RESULTS More than 90% of paediatricians agreed that skin cancers are a Public Health concern, that preventing episodic high sun exposures during childhood would reduce the risk of adult melanoma, and that it is a paediatrician's role to educate parents/patients on SP. Three quarters reported counselling all of their patients. The most important SP recommendation was to avoid sun during peak hours, followed by sunscreen use. Only 48.3% of paediatricians rated SP as very important to their patients' health, at the 8th rank among selected preventive care topics. The most frequently identified barrier to SP counselling was cost of sunscreens followed by lack of sufficient time. CONCLUSIONS The majority of paediatricians believe that prevention of skin cancers is a worthy issue and it is their role to educate patients, but less than half of them consider SP as an important topic among selected preventive care issues. Although paediatricians seem to know SP measures well, their (counselling?) seems to respond to patients' preoccupations more than to expert recommendations. French and American behaviours show some major differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mahé
- Department of Dermatology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Research Unit EA 4339 'Skin, cancer, and environment', Ambroise Paré University Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Issy Les Moulineaux, France Department of Pediatrics, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Public Health Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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