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O'Hern K, Crum OM, Demer AM, Brewer JD. Intraoperative Immunohistochemistry During Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Staged Excision Decreases Local Recurrence Rates for Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50:601-610. [PMID: 38530980 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is increasingly used to treat cutaneous melanoma. However, it is unclear whether intraoperative immunohistochemistry (IHC) improves surgical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether intraoperative IHC during MMS and staged excision is associated with a decreased risk of poor surgical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search of 6 databases identified comparative and noncomparative studies that reported local recurrence after MMS or staged excision with or without IHC for melanoma. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled local recurrence rates, nodal recurrence, distant recurrence, and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS Overall, 57 studies representing 12,043 patients with cutaneous melanoma and 12,590 tumors met inclusion criteria. Combined MMS and staged excision with IHC was associated with decreased local recurrence in patients with invasive melanoma (0.3%, 95% CI: 0-0.6) versus hematoxylin and eosin alone (1.8%, 95% CI: 0.8%-2.8%) [ p < .001]. Secondary outcomes including nodal recurrence, distant recurrence, and disease-specific mortality were not significantly different between these 2 groups. Study heterogeneity was moderately-high. CONCLUSION Local recurrence of invasive melanoma is significantly lower after MMS and staged excision with IHC as opposed to without IHC. These findings suggest that the use of intraoperative IHC during MMS or staged excision should strongly be considered, particularly for invasive melanoma.Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023435630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan O'Hern
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olivia M Crum
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Addison M Demer
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jerry D Brewer
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Sun C, Lim A, De’Ambrosis B, Yong-Gee S, Pool L, Muir J. Recurrence Rate of Small Melanoma In Situ on Low-Risk Sites Excised With 5-mm Excisional Margin. JAMA Dermatol 2024:2820187. [PMID: 38922604 PMCID: PMC11209174 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Importance The incidence of melanoma in situ (MIS) has increased significantly over the past decades, and traditional guidelines for treatment of MIS have been excision with a 5-mm clinical margin; however, current Australian and other guidelines now recommend 5- to 10-mm margins. This changed recommendation was largely driven by the outcomes of studies using Mohs micrographic surgery, and recent studies using Mohs micrographic surgery are advocating for even wider excisions up to 18 mm for clearance. Objective To assess the rate of recurrence of MIS excised with a 5-mm margin. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series studied all MIS lesions from a single private dermatology clinic between January 1, 2011, and November 30, 2018. The criteria for inclusion were a documented 5-mm excisional margin on operation report and more than 5 years of site-specific follow-up after wide local excision. Lesions were excluded if the excisional margin was more than 5 mm or undocumented, there was less than 5 years of follow-up, or they required more than 1 wide local excision. Data analysis was performed January 30 to February 25, 2024. Intervention Wide local excision with 5-mm margin. Results A total of 351 MISs were identified from 292 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [11.8] years; 162 females [55.5%]). Superficial spreading melanoma was the most common subtype diagnosed (177 lesions [50.4%]), followed by lentigo maligna (107 lesions [30.5%]) and lentiginous MIS (67 lesions [19.1%]). The trunk was the most common location of lesions (168 lesions [47.9%]), followed by upper limb (96 lesions [27.4%]) and lower limb (59 lesions [16.8%]). Scalp was the least common location (2 lesions [0.6%]). Most of the lesions were small, with 274 lesions (78.1%) having a length less than 10 mm and 312 lesions (88.9%) having a width less than 10 mm. A total of 348 lesions (99.1%) did not have clinical recurrence after excision with a 5-mm clinical margin following then current guidelines. A total of 3 lesions (0.9%) experienced local recurrence with no metastatic spread. Conclusions and Relevance This case series found that excision with a 5-mm margin for MIS of smaller size (<10 mm) on low-risk body sites had a low rate of recurrence. Conservative 5-mm excisional margin is likely to be suitable for small MIS on lower-risk body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- Mater Hospital Brisbane Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alvin Lim
- South East Dermatology Unit 9, Annerley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian De’Ambrosis
- South East Dermatology Unit 9, Annerley, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Yong-Gee
- South East Dermatology Unit 9, Annerley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louis Pool
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Muir
- Mater Hospital Brisbane Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- South East Dermatology Unit 9, Annerley, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zitelli JA. Recurrence Rate of Melanoma In Situ Excised With a 5-mm Excisional Margin. JAMA Dermatol 2024:2820186. [PMID: 38922598 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Zitelli
- Dermatology, Otolaryngology and Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Rames MM, Campbell E, Asamoah E, Trischman T, Kumar AB, Vidal NY, Demer A. Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Invasive Melanoma Allows for Tissue Preservation Compared With Wide Local Excision: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Dermatol Surg 2024:00042728-990000000-00845. [PMID: 38888235 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While increasing evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of immunohistochemistry-assisted Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for superficially invasive melanoma, there is a paucity of the literature investigating its effect on final defect size. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the tissue sparing effect of MMS for melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and twenty-eight patients with early-stage (T1a/T1b) cutaneous melanomas treated with MMS from January 2008 to December 2018 were evaluated. Measured defect sizes after Mohs tumor extirpation were compared with anticipated defect size that would result from standard-margin wide local excision (WLE). Average actual versus anticipated defect areas were compared using a paired t-test (95% confidence intervals). RESULTS The following groups demonstrated a significantly smaller defect area for MMS-treated tumors when compared with anticipated standard-margin WLE defect: All tumors combined (13.8 cm2 vs 10.4 cm2, p < .001), tumors requiring 1 stage (13.6 cm2 vs 10.1 cm2,p < .001), and tumors requiring 2 stages (13.2 cm2 vs 10.5 cm2, p = .004). The majority of patients (83.5%, n = 274) achieved clear margins with 1 stage. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemistry-assisted MMS for early-stage invasive melanoma is associated with smaller final defect size and overall tissue sparing effect compared with standard WLE margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Rames
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elliott Campbell
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eucabeth Asamoah
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Nahid Y Vidal
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Addison Demer
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Samaniego González E, González Morán MA, Onecha Vallejo V, de la Hera Magallanes AI, Navedo de Las Heras M, Rodríguez Prieto MÁ. [Translated article] Thirty-Five-Case Retrospective Observational Study of Lentigo Maligna and Acral Lentiginous Melanoma Surgically Treated With a Modified Spaghetti Technique>. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T632-T635. [PMID: 38648937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Samaniego González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial de León, León, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - M A González Morán
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial de León, León, Spain
| | - V Onecha Vallejo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial de León, León, Spain
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Samaniego González E, González Morán MA, Onecha Vallejo V, de la Hera Magallanes AI, Navedo de Las Heras M, Rodríguez Prieto MÁ. Thirty-Five-Case Retrospective Observational Study of Lentigo Maligna and Acral Lentiginous Melanoma Surgically Treated With a Modified Spaghetti Technique. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:632-635. [PMID: 38373608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Samaniego González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial de León León, España; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, España.
| | - M A González Morán
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial de León, León, España
| | - V Onecha Vallejo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial de León León, España
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Ungureanu L, Vasilovici AF, Trufin II, Apostu AP, Halmágyi SR. Lentigo Maligna Treatment-An Update. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2527. [PMID: 38731056 PMCID: PMC11084749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lentigo maligna (LM) is a melanoma in situ that is prevalent in chronically sun-damaged skin. Characterized by a slow growth pattern and high mutation rates due to chronic UV exposure, LM poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly given its tendency to mimic other skin lesions and its occurrence in cosmetically sensitive areas. Its diagnosis is based on an integrated approach using dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Despite its slow progression, LM can evolve into lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), making its treatment necessary. Treatment modalities encompass both surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatments like Wide Local Excision (WLE) and Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) aim for clear histological margins. WLE, a standard melanoma surgery, faces challenges from LM's subclinical extensions, which increase the recurrence risk. MMS, effective for large or poorly defined lesions, is defined by precise margin control while considering cosmetic outcomes. Non-surgical options, including radiotherapy and imiquimod, are alternatives for non-surgical candidates. Radiotherapy has been effective since the 1950s, offering good control and cosmetic results, especially for older patients. Imiquimod, an immunomodulator, shows promise in treating LM, though its application remains off-label. The increasing incidence of LM/LMM necessitates a balance in treatment choices to minimize recurrence and maintain cosmetic integrity. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical examination with dermoscopy and RCM and histological assessment, is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective LM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Ungureanu
- Department of Dermatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Florentina Vasilovici
- Department of Dermatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Adina Patricia Apostu
- Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Salomea-Ruth Halmágyi
- Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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8
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Karponis D, Stratigos IA, Joshy J, Craig PJ, Mistry K, van Bodegraven B, Venables ZC, Levell NJ. Lentigo maligna: a review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:218-225. [PMID: 37966718 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lentigo maligna (LM) is a melanoma in situ with distinct clinical features and histology. It commonly affects men after the sixth decade of life. Incidence rates of LM have increased based on early 21st century data from different countries; however, data are suboptimal. Data from England show a plateauing crude incidence between 2013 and 2019. By comparison, invasive melanoma and other types of melanoma in situ commonly appears in younger age groups (median age 58 and 67 years old, respectively) and incidence is rising. The most important risk factors for LM include fair skin and cumulative ultraviolet solar radiation exposure. Although LM is limited to the epidermis and connected skin adnexa, it may progress to invasive LM melanoma. The reported rate of malignant progression varies, reflecting a challenge for LM epidemiology research as often lesions are removed on diagnosis. LM poses a challenge in diagnosis and management. Although it can be diagnosed clinically or dermoscopically, histopathological assessment of biopsied skin tissue remains the gold standard. Reflectance confocal microscopy allows for better appreciation of the complexity of LM at a cellular level, often progressing beyond clinical margins. Management of LM may involve Mohs micrographic surgery or excision, although recurrence may occur even with 5 mm clinical margins. Imiquimod cream may be effective, but incomplete treatment and recurrence has been reported. Conservative management with observation or radiotherapy may be used in selected patients' cases. Five-year net survival rates are excellent. This paper reviews the natural history, epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karponis
- Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Jilse Joshy
- Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul J Craig
- Cellular Pathology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Khaylen Mistry
- Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Birgitta van Bodegraven
- British Association of Dermatologists, London, UK
- National Disease Registration Service, Data and Analytics, NHS England, UK
| | - Zoe C Venables
- Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- National Disease Registration Service, Data and Analytics, NHS England, UK
| | - Nick J Levell
- Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Crum OM, Campbell EH, Chelf CJ, Demer AM, Brewer JD. Disease-specific survival of malignant melanoma after Mohs micrographic surgery is not impacted by initial margins: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAAD Int 2023; 13:140-149. [PMID: 37823046 PMCID: PMC10562175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During Mohs surgery for melanoma, evidence has demonstrated that many surgeons opt for smaller initial margins than traditionally recommended (0.5 cm for in situ and 1 cm for invasive). Literature regarding surgical outcomes based on initial margin is sparse. Objective To determine differences in disease-specific survival of melanoma after Mohs micrographic surgery for varied initial surgical margins. Methods A literature search was conducted on February 14, 2022, from MEDLINE via PubMed (1946-present), Embase (1974-present), Central (1991-present), and Scopus (1960-present). The primary outcome was disease-specific mortality. Results Nineteen studies were included for final analysis. The overall disease-specific mortality rate of melanoma in all included studies was 0.5% (CI, 0.1-0.8; P, .010). Disease-specific mortality for 1 to 5, 5, and 6 to 10 mm categories were 0.4% (CI, 0.0-0.9; P, .074), 0.7% (CI, 0.2-1.3; P, .2-1.3), and 0.4% (CI, -0.9 to 1.8; P, .524), respectively. None of the variances across initial margin categories were statistically significant. Limitations Early-stage melanomas have low overall mortality rates. In our associated article, initial margins of 5 to 10 mm were shown to have the lowest rates of local recurrence. Conclusions In this systematic review and meta-analysis, melanoma-specific mortality was not significantly impacted by the initial surgical margin taken during Mohs micrographic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Crum
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elliott H. Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Addison M. Demer
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jerry D. Brewer
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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10
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Hoang MP, Karpinski P, Zúñiga-Castillo M, Foreman RK, Emerick KS, Sober AJ. Histologic margin status is a predictor of relapse in lentigo maligna melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:959-966. [PMID: 37454699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most surgical margins for lentigo maligna melanomas reported in the literature are clinical and not histologic. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether histologic margin status is an independent predictor of progression. METHODS Clinicopathologic information of 268 invasive lentigo maligna melanomas diagnosed from 1990-2019 were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model and Boruta method. RESULTS A total of 75% of the lesions were located on the head and neck. The range of follow-up for all patients was 0 to 31.8 years (median, 10.2 years). Time to local recurrence ranges from 0 to 20 years (median, 3 years). Progression developed in 54 (20.1%) of 268 patients. Local recurrence was seen only in 36 (13.4%), both local recurrence and subsequent metastasis in 7 (2.6%), and only metastasis in 11 (4.1%) of 268 patients. Histologic margin status (positive and close/<3 mm) and tumor site (head and neck location) significantly correlated with worse progression-free survival. LIMITATIONS Single institution and retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS Histologic margin status is the strongest predictor of progression for lentigo maligna melanoma. Patients with positive or close/<3 mm histologic margins should consider a re-excision due to the increased risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai P Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Pawel Karpinski
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miguel Zúñiga-Castillo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruth K Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin S Emerick
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur J Sober
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Beal BT, Udkoff J, Aizman L, Etzkorn J, Zitelli JA, Miller CJ, Shin TM, Sobanko JF, Brodland DG. Outcomes of invasive melanoma of the head and neck treated with Mohs micrographic surgery - A multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:544-550. [PMID: 36642331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no randomized controlled trials to guide surgical margins for invasive head and neck (H&N) melanoma using conventional excision. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has shown improved local recurrence rates and survival for invasive H&N melanomas. OBJECTIVE Determine local recurrence (LR), nodal recurrence, and distant recurrence rates, and disease specific survival for invasive melanoma of the H&N treated with MMS. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study of 785 cases of invasive H&N melanoma treated with MMS using frozen sections with melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate long-term outcomes over 12-years. RESULTS 785 melanomas (thickness: 0.3 mm-8.5 mm) were treated with MMS. LR, nodal recurrence, and distant recurrence rates were 0.51% (4/785), 1.0% (8/785), and 1.1% (9/785) respectively. For T1, T2, T3, and T4 tumors LR was 0.16% (1/636), 1.18% (1/85), 2.22% (1/45), and 5.26% (1/19), respectively. Five and 10-year disease specific survival were 96.8% (95% CI 95.0% to 98.5%) and 93.4% (95% CI 88.5% to 98.3%). LIMITATIONS A nonrandomized retrospective study. CONCLUSION MMS achieves significant improvements in LR compared to a meta-analysis of historical cohorts of patients treated with conventional excision. MMS should be considered an important surgical option for invasive H&N melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Beal
- St. Louis Dermatology & Cosmetic Surgery, St. Louis Skin Cancer Specialists, Troy, Missouri.
| | - Jeremy Udkoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leora Aizman
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeremy Etzkorn
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Zitelli
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Zitelli & Brodland, PC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thuzar M Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph F Sobanko
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David G Brodland
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Zitelli & Brodland, PC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Martinez-Molina M, Richarz N, Jaka A, Bassas-Vila J, Mora-Fernández V, Pi-Sunyer AQ, Podlipnik S, Carrascosa JM, Boada A. Spaghetti Technique Versus Wide Local Excision for Lentigo Maligna Affecting the Head and Neck Regions: Surgical Outcome and Descriptive Analysis of 79 Cases from a Single Practice Cohort. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:e2023193. [PMID: 37557139 PMCID: PMC10412079 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1303a193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentigo maligna is a subtype of melanoma in situ that typically affects the head and neck region with an increasing incidence. Margin-controlled techniques, such as spaghetti technique (ST), have gained popularity over wide local excision (WLE) with a margin of 5 mm. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the outcomes of lentigo maligna cases in the head and neck area treated by either WLE or ST in a tertiary referral hospital. The secondary goal was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of our series. METHODS Cohort study of patients diagnosed with lentigo maligna on the head and neck region between January 2014 and February 2022 in a tertiary hospital. RESULTS In total, 79 lentigo maligna were studied, corresponding to 77 patients. Fifty-three lesions (67%) were treated with WLE and 26 (33%) with ST. The mean age of the patients was 73 years and 58% were men. Most of the tumors were located on the cheek (50%) and mean lesion diameter was 2.2 cm for the ST group and 1.2 cm for the WLE group. Mean duration follow-up was 44 months. There were two local recurrences in the WLE group (2/53; 3.7%) and none in the ST group. CONCLUSIONS Both WLE and ST are appropriate surgical approaches for lentigo maligna. ST offers an efficient alternative to Mohs surgery for treating lentigo maligna in the head and neck area, especially when guided by reflectance confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Martinez-Molina
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Richarz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane Jaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juli Bassas-Vila
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Mora-Fernández
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Quer Pi-Sunyer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Podlipnik
- Department of Dermatology, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aram Boada
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Müller CSL, Hauer N, Kofler K, Kofler L. [Micrographic controlled surgery in everyday dermatosurgery]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00105-023-05158-x. [PMID: 37249657 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Micrographic controlled surgery (MCS) has become established in dermatosurgery in recent years and includes various methods to enable the histologically proven complete resection of malignant cutaneous tumors, while at the same time sparing tumor-free tissue in the immediate vicinity as much as possible. MCS is of great importance in the surgical treatment of cutaneous malignancies in so-called problem locations and aggressive tumor subtypes. Indications for MCS include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and Bowen's carcinoma, melanoma in chronic light-damaged skin with acral lentiginous melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), and Merkel cell carcinoma. However, other tumor entities are also treated using MCS, such as extramammary Paget's disease and various cutaneous sarcomas. All procedures subsumed under MCS have in common the marking of the surgical specimen for topographical orientation, which provides assignment of remaining tumor remnants. Various methods of MCS (3D histology, the horizontal method or Mohs surgery) are presented in this article. Furthermore, this article aims to raise awareness of the possibilities and limitations of micrographically controlled surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Sigrid Lissi Müller
- MVZ für Histologie, Zytologie und molekulare Diagnostik Trier GmbH, Wissenschaftspark Trier, Max-Planck-Str. 5 und 17, 54296, Trier, Deutschland.
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Nina Hauer
- MVZ für Histologie, Zytologie und molekulare Diagnostik Trier GmbH, Wissenschaftspark Trier, Max-Planck-Str. 5 und 17, 54296, Trier, Deutschland
| | - Katrin Kofler
- Universitätshautklinik, Studienzentrum Operative Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- skin + more MVZ GmbH, Holzmarkt 6, 88400, Biberach, Deutschland
| | - Lukas Kofler
- Universitätshautklinik, Studienzentrum Operative Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- skin + more MVZ GmbH, Holzmarkt 6, 88400, Biberach, Deutschland
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14
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Zhu H, Deng J, Yuan M, Rong X, Xiang X, Du F, Luo X, Cheng C, Qiu L. Semiconducting Titanate Supported Ruthenium Clusterzymes for Ultrasound-Amplified Biocatalytic Tumor Nanotherapies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206911. [PMID: 36765452 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The external-stimulation-induced reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) generation has attracted increasing attention in therapeutics for malignant tumors. However, engineering a nanoplatform that integrates with efficient biocatalytic ROS generation, ultrasound-amplified ROS production, and simultaneous relief of tumor hypoxia is still a great challenge. Here, we create new semiconducting titanate-supported Ru clusterzymes (RuNC/BTO) for ultrasound-amplified biocatalytic tumor nanotherapies. The morphology and chemical/electronic structure analysis prove that the biocatalyst consists of Ru nanoclusters that are tightly stabilized by Ru-O coordination on BaTiO3 . The peroxidase (POD)- and halogenperoxidase-like biocatalysis reveals that the RuNC/BTO can produce abundant •O2 - radicals. Notably, the RuNC/BTO exhibits the highest turnover number (63.29 × 10-3 s-1 ) among the state-of-the-art POD-mimics. Moreover, the catalase-like activity of the RuNC/BTO facilitates the decomposition of H2 O2 to produce O2 for relieving the hypoxia of the tumor and amplifying the ROS level via ultrasound irradiation. Finally, the systematic cellular and animal experiments have validated that the multi-modal strategy presents superior tumor cell-killing effects and suppression abilities. We believe that this work will offer an effective clusterzyme that can adapt to the tumor microenvironment-specific catalytic therapy and also provide a new pathway for engineering high-performance ROS production materials across broad therapeutics and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiuhong Deng
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minjia Yuan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiao Rong
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fangxue Du
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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15
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Local Recurrence Rates of Malignant Melanoma After Mohs Micrographic Surgery Are Lowest With 5- to 10-mm Initial Margins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:119-123. [PMID: 36728060 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current consensus guidelines have discouraged the use of sub-0.5-cm (in situ) and sub-1-cm (invasive) margins when performing Mohs micrographic surgery (Mohs) for melanoma, with minimal evidence to guide this recommendation. OBJECTIVE To compare melanoma local recurrence rates after Mohs based on initial margin size. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with search terms including Mohs micrographic surgery, surgical margin, recurrent disease, and melanoma. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included. The 5- to 10-mm margin category had a statistically significant lower local recurrence compared with 1- to 5-mm and 5-mm categories. Recurrence for 1- to 5-mm, 5-mm, 5- to 10-mm, and 10-mm categories were 2.3% (CI 0.8-3.5, p < .001), 1.4% (CI 0.6-2.2, p < .001), 0.3% (CI 0.2-0.5, p < .001), and 6.1% (CI -6.7 - 18.8, p = .349), respectively. Number of stages for 1 to 5, 5, 5 to 10, and 10-mm categories were 1.8, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.6, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = .694). CONCLUSION Five- to 10-mm margins were associated with the lowest local recurrence rates. A 5- to 10-mm initial margin should be considered where other factors (tumor characteristics, anatomical or functional considerations) allow.
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16
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Adalsteinsson JA, Stoj VJ, Algzlan H, Swede H, Torbeck RL, Ratner D. Limitations in the literature regarding Mohs surgery and staged excision for melanoma: A critical review of quality and data reporting. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:404-413. [PMID: 33872715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The literature supporting Mohs micrographic surgery and staged excision in treating primary cutaneous melanoma is growing but has not been critically reviewed for bias. METHODS Articles concerning Mohs micrographic surgery and staged excision for melanoma were assessed using modified "Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions" (ROBINS-I) criteria, which measures bias in 7 categories. RESULTS Forty-seven of 48 (97.9%) studies reviewed had serious or critical bias. None were randomized controlled trials. The most frequent cause of critical bias was poorly defined outcomes. The least frequent form of bias observed was change in intervention. LIMITATIONS The modified ROBINS-I criteria cannot account for all study limitations. Modification of the criteria leads to some degree of subjectivity. CONCLUSION The current body of literature suffers from limitations due to serious or critical bias in 1 or more ROBINS-I criteria. Local recurrence rate definitions are often poorly defined or not defined at all. Longer follow-up times, clear tumor classifications, and prospective, randomized study designs are necessary to improve the quality of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria J Stoj
- University of Connecticut Department of Dermatology, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Haitham Algzlan
- Icahn School of Medicine Department of Dermatology at Mt Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Helen Swede
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Richard L Torbeck
- Icahn School of Medicine Department of Dermatology at Mt Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Désirée Ratner
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Dermatology, New York, New York
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17
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Cordova M, Aleissa S, Liopyris K, Dusza SW, Kose K, Busam KJ, Hollman T, Lezcano C, Pulitzer M, Chen CSJ, Lee EH, Rossi AM, Nehal KS. Lentigo maligna melanoma mapping using reflectance confocal microscopy correlates with staged excision: A prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:371-379. [PMID: 31812621 PMCID: PMC10210015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) can present with subclinical extension that may be difficult to define preoperatively and lead to incomplete excision and potential recurrence. Preliminarily studies have used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to assess LM/LMM margins. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation of LM/LMM subclinical extension defined by RCM compared with the gold standard histopathology. METHODS Prospective study of LM/LMM patients referred for dermatologic surgery. RCM was performed at the clinically defined initial surgical margin followed by margin-controlled staged excision with paraffin-embedded tissue, and histopathology was correlated with RCM results. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were included. Mean age was 66.8 years (standard deviation, 11.1; range, 38-89); 69.4% were men. Seventy of 72 lesions (97.2%) were located on the head and neck with mean largest clinical diameter of 1.3 cm (range, 0.3-5). Diagnostic accuracy for detection of residual melanoma in the tumor debulk (after biopsy) had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 66.7% when compared with histopathology. RCM margin assessment revealed an overall agreement with final histopathology of 85.9% (κ = 0.71; P < .001). LIMITATIONS No RCM imaging beyond initial planned margins was performed. CONCLUSION RCM showed moderate to excellent overall agreement between RCM imaging of LM/LMM and histopathology of staged excision margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Cordova
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Saud Aleissa
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Konstantinos Liopyris
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephen W Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kivanc Kose
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis Hollman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chih-Shan J Chen
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Erica H Lee
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony M Rossi
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kishwer S Nehal
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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18
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Neumann I, Patalay R, Kaushik M, Timlin H, Daniel C. Treatment of periocular lentigo maligna with topical 5% Imiquimod: a review. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:408-414. [PMID: 35835989 PMCID: PMC9905524 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentigo Maligna is a benign subtype of melanoma in situ and can progress to lentigo maligna melanoma, which is invasive. Complete surgical excision is the gold standard of treatment but requires large margins. If affecting the peri-ocular region, surgical excision leads to extensive defects, complex reconstructions, and functional impairment of the protection of the ocular surface. Here we review the reported literature about the use of Imiquimod 5% topical cream for lentigo maligna of the eyelid, the treatment outcomes, side effects and tolerance. In addition, the side effects of imiquimod treatment of non-LM lesions are described to help better inform the decision-making process. Treatment for peri-ocular Lentigo maligna showed a 56-86% complete treatment response and a 90% tolerability rate. However, reported treatment protocols vary and histopathological confirmation of clearance was only obtained in 56%. Further studies are required to determine the optimal treatment protocol to maximise clearance rates. Overall, Imiquimod was well tolerated in the peri-ocular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Neumann
- Adnexal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
| | - R Patalay
- Dermatology Department, Guys and St. Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Kaushik
- Adnexal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Timlin
- Adnexal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Daniel
- Adnexal Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Stull CM, Nugent ST, Raj LK, Sobanko JF, Shin TM, Etzkorn JR, Higgins HW, Giordano CN, McMurray SL, Walker JL, Miller CJ. Frequency and reliability of histologic subtype classification in invasive and in situ melanoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:1211-1214. [PMID: 36669593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Stull
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shannon T Nugent
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leela K Raj
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph F Sobanko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thuzar M Shin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy R Etzkorn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harold W Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cerrene N Giordano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy L McMurray
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanna L Walker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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20
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Elshot YS, Tio DCKS, van Haersma-de With ASE, Ouwerkerk W, Zupan-Kajcovski B, Crijns MB, Limpens CEJM, Klop WMC, Bekkenk MW, Balm AJM, de Rie MA. Lentigo maligna (melanoma): A systematic review and meta-analysis on surgical techniques and presurgical mapping by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:871-883. [PMID: 36652277 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Because of an increased risk of local recurrence following surgical treatment of lentigo maligna (melanoma) (LM/LMM), the optimal surgical technique is still a matter of debate. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different surgical techniques and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) on local recurrence and survival outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases through 20 May 2022. Randomized and observational studies with ≥10 lesions were eligible for inclusion. Bias assessment was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies instrument. Meta-analysis was performed for local recurrence, as there were insufficient events for the other clinical outcomes. We included 41 studies with 5059 LM and 1271 LMM. Surgical techniques included wide local excision (WLE) (n = 1355), staged excision (n = 2442) and Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) (n = 2909). Six studies included RCM. The guideline-recommended margin was insufficient in 21.6%-44.6% of LM/LMM. Local recurrence rate was lowest for patients treated by MMS combined with immunohistochemistry (<1%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.9%), and highest for WLE (13%; 95% CI, 7.2%-21.6%). The mean follow-up varied from 27 to 63 months depending on surgical technique with moderate to high heterogeneity for MMS and WLE. Handheld-RCM decreased both the rate of positive histological margins (p < 0.0001) and necessary surgical stages (p < 0.0001). The majority of regional (17/25) and distant (34/43) recurrences occurred in patients treated by WLE. Melanoma-associated mortality was low (1.5%; 32/2107), and more patients died due to unrelated causes (6.7%; 107/1608). This systematic review shows a clear reduction in local recurrences using microscopically controlled surgical techniques over WLE. The use of HH-RCM showed a trend in the reduction in incomplete resections and local recurrences even when used with WLE. Due to selection bias, heterogeneity, low prevalence of stage III/IV disease and limited survival data, it was not possible to determine the effect of the different surgical techniques on survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Elshot
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D C K S Tio
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - W Ouwerkerk
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Zupan-Kajcovski
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M B Crijns
- Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E J M Limpens
- Research Support, Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M C Klop
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J M Balm
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A de Rie
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Kurn HA, Abercrombie M, Tzellos T, Dellavalle RP. From the Cochrane library: Interventions for melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:e115-e116. [PMID: 35640801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Kurn
- Internal Medicine Residency, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - McKenna Abercrombie
- Dermatology Residency, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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22
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Gaetano L, Domenico B, Lo SN, Hamed T, Potter AJ, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Guitera P. Association between excision margins and local recurrence in 1407 patients with primary in situ melanomas. JAAD Int 2022; 8:102-108. [PMID: 35875393 PMCID: PMC9305371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable evidence to guide the management of melanoma in situ (MIS) and minimize the risk of recurrence is lacking. Objective To identify clinicopathological predictors of local recurrence (LR) in patients with MIS and evaluate long-term outcomes according to pathological excision margins. Methods A case-control study of patients with MIS treated at a large Australian melanoma treatment center from January 2008 to December 2012 was undertaken. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients who developed LR and those who did not were compared. Results LR developed in 34 of 1407 patients with MIS (2.5%). Median time to LR was 20 months. The primary lesion was removed with pathological margins <4 mm (P < .001) in 67.6 % of patients with LR. Four patients died of metastatic melanoma following LR. Comparing patients with pathological margins <4 mm and ≥4 mm, the former were older (>60y, P < .001), more frequently had MIS on the head or neck (P < .001), had a greater LR rate (P < .001), and had a higher mortality from all causes (P < .001). Limitations Retrospective, single-institution study. Conclusions Pathological margins of ≥4 mm should be considered for patients with MIS who are treated with standard surgical excision and assessed by examining serial slices taken from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen.
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23
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Brownstone N, Marson JW, Zakria D, Farberg A, Rigel D. Variance from published guidelines and changes in temporal trends in the management of cutaneous malignant melanoma: a 5-year update. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:379-383. [PMID: 35979668 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the current management of melanoma from relative to present guidelines and determine changes 5 years ago. An eight-question survey was sent to practicing US dermatologists using the same methodology and questions from our JAAD study. Overall, saucerization/scoop biopsy (48%) was the most commonly used method. The most commonly chosen margin for melanoma in-situ (MMIS) removal was 6-10 mm (51% of respondents). For CMM with a depth greater than 1 mm, the most commonly chosen margins were in the 1.1-1.9 cm range (55% of respondents). More respondents referred cases of MMIS and CMM out for treatment as compared to 2016. Academic dermatologists in 2021 were 8% less likely to treat MMIS as compared to all other practice types in 2021, whereas 7% more likely to treat CMM greater than 1 mm. Academic dermatologists in 2016, as compared to 2021, were 4% more likely to treat MMIS and 19% more likely to treat CMM greater than 1 mm. A total of 91% of respondents reported having some change in their management of CMM. Our study findings suggest that a knowledge gap still exists representing a continued educational opportunity to more effectively distribute and implement CMM management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin W Marson
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Danny Zakria
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Darrell Rigel
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Evidence from Clinical Studies Related to Dermatologic Surgeries for Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153835. [PMID: 35954498 PMCID: PMC9367341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although significant progress in pharmacotherapy for skin cancer has been made in the past several years, surgical removal of primary skin cancer is still the first choice of treatment unless distant metastases are evident. In the surgical treatment of primary skin tumors, the surgical margin is critical not only for reducing the possibility of tumor recurrence but also for minimizing the cosmetic and functional complications associated with wide local excision. In contrast, dermatologic surgeries including lymph node dissection and skin graft can cause various complications, and these complications are frequently associated with significant morbidity and discomfort. In this review, we summarize the evidence from previous clinical studies regarding the optimal surgical margin for skin cancer and the methods for diminishing the complications associated with dermatologic surgery. Abstract Despite the significant progress made in the past several years in pharmacotherapies for skin cancer, such as BRAF/MEK inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, surgical removal of primary skin cancer is still the first choice of treatment unless distant metastases are evident. In cases of lymph node metastases with clinically palpable lymphadenopathy, lymph node dissection (LND) is typically performed for most skin cancers. In the surgical treatment of primary skin tumors, the surgical margin is critical not only for reducing the possibility of tumor recurrence but also for minimizing the cosmetic and functional complications associated with wide local excision. In contrast, dermatologic surgery can cause various complications. Although skin graft is frequently used for reconstruction of the surgical defect, extensive graft necrosis may develop if optimal stabilization of the graft is not obtained. LND also sometimes causes complications such as intraoperative or postoperative bleeding and postoperative lymphoceles. Moreover, as in other types of surgery, surgical site infection, intraoperative anxiety, and intraoperative and postoperative pain may also develop. These complications are frequently associated with significant morbidity and discomfort. In this review, we summarize the evidence from previous clinical studies regarding the optimal surgical margin for skin cancer and the methods for diminishing the complications associated with dermatologic surgery.
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Navarro-Navarro I, Ortiz-Prieto A, Villegas-Romero I, Valenzuela-Ubiña S, Linares-Barrios M. Uso de la luz de Wood para la delimitación de márgenes quirúrgicos en el lentigo maligno y el lentigo maligno melanoma. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:642-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Navarro-Navarro I, Ortiz-Prieto A, Villegas-Romero I, Valenzuela-Ubiña S, Linares-Barrios M. [Translated article] Wood's Lamp for Delineating Surgical Margins in Lentigo Maligna and Lentigo Maligna Melanoma. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Lentigo Maligna of the head and neck: A retrospective study assessing surgical excision margins in a South African population. JAAD Int 2022; 7:169-176. [PMID: 35520883 PMCID: PMC9062409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lentigo maligna (LM) is a subtype of melanoma in situ that occurs on sun-damaged skin and is associated with significant subclinical extension beyond the clinical margins of the lesion. Objectives This study aimed to determine if the standard recommended tumor excision margins for LM are adequate to achieve a 97% clearance rate and if any patient or tumor characteristics warranted wider margins. Methods This study is a retrospective chart review of all patients who were diagnosed with LM of the head and neck and treated with staged excision. Results The study included 64 patients. With a 6 mm surgical excision margin, only 60.9% of LM were completely excised. A 9 mm margin resulted in complete clearance of 71.9% of LM cases, and a 12 mm margin resulted in complete clearance in 90.6%. A surgical excision margin of 18 mm would have been required to excise 96.7% of tumors completely. Recurrent tumors (P = .01) and tumor size larger than 20 mm were associated with wider surgical excision margins (P = .154). Conclusion This study of LM in a South African population corroborates that the standard surgical excision margins recommended by international melanoma guidelines for LM are inadequate to achieve a 97% clearance rate.
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Vieira C, Jennings T, Renzi MA, Lawrence N, Decker A. Recurrence Rate for Melanoma Excised by Mohs Micrographic Surgery Without Immunostaining. Dermatol Surg 2022; 48:492-497. [PMID: 35298442 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma (CM) as multiple studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes for local recurrence and overall survival. OBJECTIVE To analyze the outcomes of noninvasive (NIM) and invasive melanomas (IM) using MMS with fresh frozen sections. The primary outcome was local recurrence. The secondary outcome was to identify mean surgical margins based on tumor type and location. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 224 cases of CM treated from 2006 to 2016 at a tertiary academic center with MMS and fresh frozen sections by a single Mohs surgeon. RESULTS The overall recurrence rate was 2.6% with a mean follow-up of 36.2 months. The recurrence rate for NIM versus IM was 1.6% and 7%, respectively. The mean margins for NIM and IM were 7.9 mm and 10.1 mm, respectively. These varied by tumor site and location. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of MMS in the treatment of CM and highlights how narrower surgical margins for NIM of the head and neck can be achieved without increasing risk of local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vieira
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Tara Jennings
- Cooper Center for Dermatologic Surgery, Evesham, New Jersey
| | | | - Naomi Lawrence
- Cooper Center for Dermatologic Surgery, Evesham, New Jersey
| | - Ashley Decker
- Cooper Center for Dermatologic Surgery, Evesham, New Jersey
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Chandra SR, Singu S, Foster J. Principles of Surgery in Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022; 34:251-262. [PMID: 35428503 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surgical management of head and neck melanoma starts from the primary biopsy of the cutaneous site by a narrow excision with a 1 to 3 mm margins. The margin should include the whole breadth and sufficient depth of the lesion. The key is not to transect the lesion. With the advent of molecular testing, gene expression profiling, and immunotherapies, the surgical management of advanced melanoma has changed. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an essential armamentarium for T2a and higher staging/greater than 1 mm thick and advance stage disease. Molecular pathogenesis and cancer immunology are recognized in the recent treatment protocols along with surgery in advanced stages of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rama Chandra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Sravani Singu
- University of Nebaraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jason Foster
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986345 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6345, USA
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Jacobsen ES, Soleymani T. Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Treatment of Cutaneous Melanomas of the Head and Neck. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022; 34:263-271. [PMID: 35428505 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Surgical excision achieving clear histologic margins remains the mainstay treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma. Tumors of the head and neck, particularly those arising in chronically sun-damaged skin, often demonstrate extensive and asymmetric subclinical extension. Over the decades, this has proven to be a significant problem for tumors arising on the head and neck, as anatomic and functional complexities of these areas have led to suboptimal surgical treatment, yielding unacceptably high rates of local recurrence and persistently positive margins with traditional wide local excision. Patients who undergo Mohs micrographic surgery may have improved survival over those who undergo wide local excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie S Jacobsen
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Teo Soleymani
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Mohs Micrographic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dermatologic Oncology, Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Clinic, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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31
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Olamiju B, Suozzi KC, Leffell DJ, Christensen SR. Clinical factors impacting clear margins of primary melanoma in situ with conventional excision in a retrospective cohort. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:966-967. [PMID: 33848603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Olamiju
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kathleen C Suozzi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David J Leffell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sean R Christensen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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32
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Wei Z, Sun J, Lu S, Liu Y, Wang B, Zhao L, Wang Z, Liu K, Li J, Su J, Wang F, Zhang H, Yang Y. An Engineered Protein-Au Bioplaster for Efficient Skin Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110062. [PMID: 35176187 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancer and may occur at any site and express melanocytes. Due to malignant melanoma's invasion and migration nature, conventional therapies make it challenging to remove the whole tumor tissue while undertaking the high risks of tumor recurrence. Regarding the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy, drug resistance and low immunotherapeutic activity remain significant challenges. It is thus becoming urgently important to develop alternative strategies for melanoma therapy. Herein, a novel bifunctional protein-based photothermal bioplaster (PPTB) is developed for non-invasive tumor therapy and skin tissue regeneration. The complexation of adhesive protein and gold nanorods (GNRs) endow the obtained PPTB with good biocompatibility, controllable near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated adhesion performance, and high photothermal performance. Therefore, the PPTB bioagent facilitates skin adhesion and effectively transfers heat from skin to tumor. This behavior endows PPTB capability to eradicate skin tumors conveniently. Thus, the assembly strategy enables this hybrid bioplaster to hold great potential for skin-related tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Shuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Juanjuan Su
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Ahn GS, Pousti B, Singh G, Elsensohn A, Jiang SIB. No Recurrence in Primary Invasive Stage 1a and 1b Melanoma and Melanoma in Situ Treated With Serial Disk Staged Excision. Dermatol Surg 2022; 48:276-282. [PMID: 34935746 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal surgical treatment modality for invasive melanoma (IM) and melanoma in situ (MIS) has been debated with proponents for standard wide local excision (WLE), serial disk staged excision, and Mohs micrographic surgery. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to identify the recurrence rates and surgical margins of invasive stage 1 melanoma and MIS lesions using serial disk staged excision technique with rush permanent processing and "bread loafing" microscopic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recurrence rates and surgical margins of 63 IM and 207 MIS at the University of California Dermatology Surgery Unit were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS No recurrences were observed with average follow-up of 34 and 36 months for IM and MIS, respectively (range, 10-92 months). Average surgical margins were 19.8 mm (SD 9.7) for IM and 12.1 mm (SD 12.2) for MIS. CONCLUSION This SSE technique for the treatment of IM and MIS is comparable in efficacy to other SSE techniques, and it offers physicians a simple and accessible alternative to WLE and MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sora Ahn
- All authors are affiliated with the Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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34
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Guitera P, Waddell A, Paton E, Fogarty GB, Hong A, Scolyer RA, Stretch JR, O'Donnell BA, Pellacani G. Re: Reply to letter to the editor re: 'practical guide on the use of imiquimod cream to treat lentigo maligna'. Australas J Dermatol 2022; 63:e198-e199. [PMID: 35107826 PMCID: PMC9305957 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Guitera
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreanne Waddell
- Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Paton
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Trials (MASC Trials), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerald B Fogarty
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Genesis Cancer Care, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Hong
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Genesis Cancer Care, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett A O'Donnell
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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35
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Grant-Kels JM. JAAD Game Changers∗: Comparison of surgical margins for lentigo maligna versus melanoma in situ. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:265. [PMID: 33894324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Newcomer K, Robbins KJ, Perone J, Hinojosa FL, Chen D, Jones S, Kaufman CK, Weiser R, Fields RC, Tyler DS. Malignant melanoma: evolving practice management in an era of increasingly effective systemic therapies. Curr Probl Surg 2022; 59:101030. [PMID: 35033317 PMCID: PMC9798450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2021.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Newcomer
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Jennifer Perone
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - David Chen
- e. Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Susan Jones
- f. Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Roi Weiser
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Douglas S Tyler
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
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37
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Tababa E, Teulings HE, Bhawan J. Differences Between Recommended Surgical Margins and Measured Histological Margins in Malignant Melanoma In Situ and Malignant Melanomas. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:881-886. [PMID: 33534209 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Wide local excision (WLE) using appropriate surgical margins is the standard surgical management for malignant melanoma in situ (MMIS) and primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). The actual width of the histologic margins is frequently not assessed, whereas narrow histologic margins are associated with an increase in local melanoma recurrence. Our objective was to analyze the actual measured histological margins of WLE specimens of MMIS and MM cases and compare them with their recommended surgical margins. A retrospective study of formalin fixed specimens of MMIS and invasive MM treated with WLE from a large university-affiliated dermatopathology laboratory was conducted. Among a total of 164 MMIS and 128 MM cases, 14 MMIS (8.5%) and 7 MM (5.9%) had positive lateral margins. The median histologic margin for MMIS, after a 15% tissue shrinkage adjusted, was 2.7 mm [1.3-3.9] for LM type and 3.9 mm [2.3-5.6] for non-LM type, in contrast to the recommended 5-mm margin. In 96 MM of T1 type (≤1.0 mm), the median adjusted histologic margin was 6.7 mm [3.5-9.1] in contrast to the recommended 10-mm margin. These results show that measured and adjusted median histologic margins in WLE specimens in both MMIS and MM of T1 type were significantly narrower than the recommended surgical margins, regardless of anatomic location. These differences are concerning, whether they reflect clinicians' intentional or unintentional deviation from recommended guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Tababa
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatopathology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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38
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Guitera P, Waddell A, Paton E, Fogarty GB, Hong A, Scolyer RA, Stretch JR, O'Donnell BA, Pellacani G. A practical guide on the use of imiquimod cream to treat lentigo maligna. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:478-485. [PMID: 34529272 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lentigo maligna (LM) is a common in situ melanoma subtype arising on chronically sun-damaged skin and mostly affects the head and neck region. Localisation in cosmetically sensitive areas, difficulty to obtain wide resection margins and advanced patient age/comorbidities have encouraged investigation of less invasive therapeutic strategies than surgery in managing complex cases of LM. Radiotherapy and imiquimod have emerged as alternative treatment options in this context. The treatment of LM with imiquimod cream can be challenging due to the nature of the disease including its often large size, variegated appearance, involvement of adnexal structures, poorly defined peripheral edge and frequent localisation close to sensitive structures such as the eyes and lips, and elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Prolonged and unpredictable inflammatory reaction and side effects and compliance with a patient-delivered therapy can also be challenging. In the literature to date, studies evaluating the use of imiquimod to treat LM have utilised varying methodologies and provided short follow-up and these limitations have impaired the development of clear guidelines for dosage and management of side effects. Based on our multidisciplinary experience and review of the literature, we propose practical clinical strategies for the use of imiquimod for treating LM, detailing optimal administration procedures in various clinical scenarios and long-term management, with the aim of facilitating optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Guitera
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreanne Waddell
- Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Paton
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Trials (MASC Trials), Monash University, Australia
| | - Gerald B Fogarty
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Genesis Cancer Care, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Hong
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Genesis Cancer Care, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett A O'Donnell
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Abstract
Lentigo maligna (LM) is a melanocytic neoplasm found on chronically sun-exposed areas of the body, particularly the head and neck. It commonly occurs in the elderly and has been referred to as a "senile freckle." It has also been termed "Hutchinson melanotic freckle," as it was first described by John Hutchinson in 1892. LM is defined as melanoma in situ and thus confined to the epidermis. LM lesions that invade the dermis are termed lentigo maligna melanoma, 1 of the 4 subtypes of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Franke
- Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, 747 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Katlyn M Woolford
- Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, 747 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Michael W Neumeister
- Department of Surgery, The Elvin G Zook Endowed Chair - Institute for Plastic Surgery, Southern Illinois University, 747 N Rutledge Street #3, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
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40
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Theunissen CCW, Lee MH, Murad FG, Waldman AH. Systematic Review of the Role of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in the Management of Early-Stage Melanoma of the Head and Neck. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1185-1189. [PMID: 34148999 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in the management of melanoma of the head and neck (HNM) has been controversial. The authors systematically reviewed the local recurrence rate of melanoma in situ (MIS) and T1a melanomas using MMS compared with conventional wide local excision (WLE) and staged excision (SE). OBJECTIVE To systematically review the local recurrence rate of early-stage melanomas of the HNM treated with MMS versus WLE or SE. METHODS AND MATERIALS A search of English medical literature was conducted through the common databases until November 26, 2019. Using PRISMA guidelines for the treatment of MIS and T1a melanoma with MMS, WLE, or SE, our search yielded a total of 32 articles. RESULTS Mohs micrographic surgery has a lower local recurrence rate for early-stage melanomas over both SE and WLE {pooled recurrence risk 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4-1.1) versus 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-3.4) versus 8.7% (95% CI 5.1-12.2) (p < .001), respectively}. CONCLUSION Mohs micrographic surgery may offer a lower recurrence rate than SE or WLE in the management of early-stage melanomas of the face or HNM. Further clinical validation in a randomized controlled trial is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Hua Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fadi G Murad
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail H Waldman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Margins of Melanoma Excision and Modifications to Standards. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 29:339-347. [PMID: 32482312 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgery with wide local excision is the mainstay of treatment for primary melanoma. Surgical margins differ depending on the depth of the primary lesion, subtype, and anatomic, cosmetic, or functional considerations. Adjuncts or alternative treatments to wide local excision are limited to specific patient populations and mainly experimental in nature.
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42
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Torres Maldonado S, Tam K, Han AY, St John MA. Head and Neck Melanoma: What is the Goal for Margins? Laryngoscope 2021; 132:916-917. [PMID: 34338312 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solymar Torres Maldonado
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Kenric Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Albert Y Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Maie A St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Melanoma In Situ: A Critical Review and Re-Evaluation of Current Excision Margin Recommendations. Adv Ther 2021; 38:3506-3530. [PMID: 34047915 PMCID: PMC8280024 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Most international clinical guidelines recommend 5-10 mm clinical margins for excision of melanoma in situ (MIS). While the evidence supporting this is weak, these guidelines are generally consistent. However, as a result of the high incidence of subclinical extension of MIS, especially of the lentigo maligna (LM) subtype, wider margins will often be needed to achieve complete histologic clearance. In this review, we assessed all available contemporary evidence on clearance margins for MIS. No randomized trials were identified and the 31 non-randomized studies were largely retrospective reviews of single-surgeon or single-institution experiences using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for LM or staged excision (SE) for treatment of MIS on the head/neck and/or LM specifically. The available data challenge the adequacy of current international guidelines as they consistently demonstrate the need for clinical margins > 5 mm and often > 10 mm. For LM, any MIS on the head/neck, and/or ≥ 3 cm in diameter, all may require wider clinical margins because of the higher likelihood of subclinical spread. Histologic clearance should be confirmed prior to undertaking complex reconstruction. However, it is not clear whether wider margins are necessary for all MIS subtypes. Indeed, it seems that this is unlikely to be the case. Until optimal surgical margins can be better defined in a randomized trial setting, ideally controlling for MIS subtype and including correlation with histologic excision margins, techniques such as preliminary border mapping of large, ill-defined lesions and, most importantly, sound clinical judgement will be needed when planning surgical clearance margins for the treatment of MIS.
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NAGORE E, MORO R. Surgical procedures in melanoma: recommended deep and lateral margins, indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy, and complete lymph node dissection. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021; 156:331-343. [DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.20.06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Emanuel PO, Patel R, Zwi J, Cheng D, Izzard M. Utility of teledermatopathology for intraoperative margin assessment of melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type: A 6 year community practice experience. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2021; 47:1140-1144. [PMID: 32994100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving negative margins for melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type can be challenging, particularly on cosmetically sensitive areas. OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of intraoperative frozen section margin assessment using a teledermatopathology system in the treatment of head and neck lentigo maligna. METHODS AND MATERIALS Over a 6 year period, 96 patients with lentigo maligna had surgical excisions. The margins were assessed intraoperatively with frozen sections prepared in the manner used in Mohs surgery. The surgeon guided the frozen section slides around the margin while a dermatopathologist assessed the margin remotely. RESULTS In 2/96 (2.1%) cases, the safety margin was positive (frozen sections were false negative). In 1 further case (1%) there was a recurrence of the melanoma 13 months following the excision. CONCLUSION The described method is effective in treating melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type with clearance rates similar to previous studies for Mohs surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Emanuel
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Division of Dermatopathology, New York, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan Zwi
- Auckland District Health Board, Department of Pathology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Du Cheng
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller U/Sloan-Kettering, NY, USA
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Durkin JR, Tchanque-Fossuo CN, Rose AN, Elwood HR, Stepenaskie S, Barbosa NS. Surgical Margin Mapping of Melanoma In Situ Using In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Mosaics. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:605-608. [PMID: 33905390 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma in situ (MIS) can have poorly defined borders and subclinical extension that makes margin control challenging. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a promising noninvasive technique that can be used to assess subclinical spread. OBJECTIVE To optimize surgical margins of histology-proven MIS using RCM mosaics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective review of 22 patients with histology-proven MIS who underwent RCM margin mapping prior to staged excision, between August 1, 2018, and August 13, 2020, at the Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine. RESULTS Twenty patients (91%) had tumor clearance on the first stage using a 3-mm surgical margin after confocal margin mapping. CONCLUSION Reflectance confocal microscopy margin mapping using the mosaic device tends to clear MIS in one stage, and the use of the handheld device may improve the accuracy for difficult anatomic areas. Current Procedural Terminology codes for RCM do not reflect the time required and complexity of the procedure. Reflectance confocal microscopy margin mapping prior to excision has the potential to decrease the number of stages needed for melanoma removal, reduce treatment time, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Durkin
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Alexander N Rose
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Hillary R Elwood
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Tricore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Naiara S Barbosa
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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47
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Namin AW, Oudin EM, Tassone PT, Galloway TLI, Dooley LM, Zitsch RP. Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck With Wide Local Excision Versus Mohs. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2490-2496. [PMID: 33844289 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine if Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is associated with improved overall survival compared to wide local excision (WLE) when treating cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN) and to report the proportion of patients treated with MMS versus WLE who also underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). METHODS Retrospective cohort study of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) analyzing the overall survival of patients diagnosed with T1 to T4 CMHN between 2004 and 2016 who were treated with either WLE or MMS. RESULTS On multivariable analysis, treatment with WLE versus MMS was not significantly associated with overall survival (HR, 1.094; 95% CI, 0.997-1.201). On multivariable analysis, lower Charlson-Deyo score (HR, 0.489; 95% CI, 0.427-0.560), negative margins (HR, 0.754; 95% CI, 0.705-0.807), and N0 classification (HR 0.698; 95% CI, 0.668-0.730) were associated with improved overall survival. Seventy-seven percent of patients treated with MMS did not undergo SLNB, while 45% of patients treated with WLE did not undergo SLNB (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS No difference in overall survival between MMS and WLE when treating CMHN. Patients treated with MMS were significantly less likely to undergo SLNB, suggesting an opportunity for enhancement of multidisciplinary care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya W Namin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Edouard M Oudin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Patrick T Tassone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Tabitha L I Galloway
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Laura M Dooley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Robert P Zitsch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
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Collgros H, Rodriguez-Lomba E, Regio Pereira A, Lo SN, Scolyer RA, Guitera P. Lentiginous melanoma (lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma) in Australia: clinicopathological characteristics, management and recurrence rates after 10-year follow-up at a tertiary centre. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1315-1322. [PMID: 33502077 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentiginous melanoma or lentigo maligna is a slow-growing type of melanoma frequently arising in sun-damaged skin and often first diagnosed in the elderly. Few studies report long-term follow-up. OBJECTIVES To define characteristics of lentiginous melanoma in situ (LM) and invasive lentiginous melanoma (LMM) in Australian patients managed at a tertiary centre and describe local recurrence or treatment failure rates after long-term follow-up. METHODS Retrospective single-centre study of LM/LMM patients evaluated between January 2005 and March 2007. Medical and photographic records were reviewed. RESULTS One hundred two patients were included, with a total of 117 lesions (70 LM and 47 LMM). Seventy-nine were new primary LM/LMM, and 38 were recurrences. Primary cases were mostly pigmented (71%), while 77% of recurrent cases were partially pigmented/light brown or amelanotic. The margins were clinically ill-defined in the majority of cases (64% of primary cases and 94% of recurrent cases). Dermoscopy of the primary LM/LMM showed either classic 'common' melanoma features (33%) or classic LM/LMM features (41%), while 95% of recurrent cases had no features for melanoma or LM/LMM. Primary cases that were initially excised (113, 97%) had mean histopathological clear margins of 4.9 mm (range 0.1-22 mm). The median follow-up time was 7.5 years (95% CI 5.2-10.0) with more than 10-year follow-up in 32% and 5-10 years in 24% of patients. There were 44 (38%) recurrences over the entire follow-up period. Half of the patients who recurred did so within the first 3.8 years after the first treatment. CONCLUSION LM/LMM often recur late and are clinically subtle; therefore, careful monitoring and long-term follow-up are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Collgros
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - E Rodriguez-Lomba
- Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Regio Pereira
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - P Guitera
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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49
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Baltz JO, Jellinek NJ. Nail Surgery: Six Essential Techniques. Dermatol Clin 2021; 39:305-318. [PMID: 33745642 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful nail surgery requires an understanding of specific disease processes, the anatomy of the nail unit, and fluency with only a few key techniques. This article focuses on 6 high-yield procedures, facility with which will allow the clinician to approach most of the clinical scenarios requiring surgical intervention. These encompass surgical approaches to inflammatory nail diseases, melanonychia, erythronychia, and nail melanoma in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia O Baltz
- Dermatology Professionals, Inc, 1672 South County Trail, Suite 101, East Greenwich, RI 02818, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 281 Lincoln Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Jellinek
- Dermatology Professionals, Inc, 1672 South County Trail, Suite 101, East Greenwich, RI 02818, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 281 Lincoln Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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50
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Moro R, Requena C, Ríos-Viñuela E, Manrique-Silva E, Traves V, Calzavara-Pinton PG, Gualdi G, Nagore E. May melanophages hinder the subclinical spread of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma? Results from a pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e365-e367. [PMID: 33462879 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Moro
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain.,Dermatologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - C Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - E Ríos-Viñuela
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - E Manrique-Silva
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - V Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - P G Calzavara-Pinton
- Department of Dermatology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Gualdi
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
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