1
|
Maronese CA, Zelin E, Avallone G, Moltrasio C, Romagnuolo M, Ribero S, Quaglino P, Marzano AV. Cutaneous vasculitis and vasculopathy in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:996288. [PMID: 36082274 PMCID: PMC9445267 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.996288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous vasculitides encompass a heterogeneous group of clinicopathological entities, which may occur as single-organ vasculitis of the skin or present as skin-limited variant of systemic vasculitis (i.e., skin-limited ANCA-associated vasculitis), and are triggered by various factors, including infections, drugs and vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged us with a variety of both disease- and vaccine-associated skin manifestations, including vasculitis. Among the latter, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, previously known as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, seems to be the most reported in either scenario, i.e., natural infection and vaccination. Vasculopathy without true vasculitic changes on histology develops in but a minority of cases, mostly severe/critical COVID-19 patients, and appears to be the result of endothelial injury due to pauci-immune thromboembolic mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of the available literature on COVID-19-associated and anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccine-associated cutaneous vasculitis. Although evidence is mostly limited to isolated reports, with a proportion of cases lacking histopathological confirmation, ample overlap with pre-pandemic forms is shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Zelin
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romagnuolo
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angelo Valerio Marzano
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seminario-Vidal L, Fox LP, Grant-Kels JM, Elston D. JAAD Consultative Dermatology-Relaunched. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:905-906. [PMID: 32889010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Seminario-Vidal
- Department of Dermatology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lindy P Fox
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Dermatology Department, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Dirk Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|