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Beck CM, Onyekweli T, Ettinger RE, Boos MD. Facial Soft Tissue Lesions in Children. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024; 36:247-263. [PMID: 38724424 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Facial soft tissue lesions in children are often classified based on their structure or cellular origin and can be benign or malignant. This review focuses on common facial soft tissue lesions in children, their clinical morphology, natural history, and medical and surgical management, with an emphasis on those considerations unique to soft tissue lesions present at this anatomic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Beck
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue Box 359796, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Tito Onyekweli
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Russell E Ettinger
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Markus D Boos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, OC.9.833, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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2
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Morelló-Vicente A, Oteiza-Rius I, Salido-Vallejo R, Antoñanzas J, Estenaga A, Pretel M, Aguado L. Successful topical sirolimus treatment of epidermal nevus in a patient with phacomatosis spilosebacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e507-e508. [PMID: 38095264 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inés Oteiza-Rius
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Antoñanzas
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angela Estenaga
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maider Pretel
- Department of Dermatology, Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Leyre Aguado
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Pang S, Cevik J, Sreedharan S, Wilks DJ. Rate of Benign and Malignant Secondary Tumors Associated With Nevus Sebaceous: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:711-719. [PMID: 38725109 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a rare congenital skin lesion affecting approximately 0.3% of all newborns. Although benign, NS lesions can harbor malignant secondary tumors. The published rate of development of these malignant tumors varies. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the rate of malignant and benign secondary neoplasms occurring in NS. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to April 2023. Eligible studies reported incidence or risk of secondary neoplasms in patients with NS. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. The primary outcome was the pooled incidence of secondary neoplasms. Studies with sample sizes greater than 50 patients were eligible for meta-analysis using the random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were identified, 22 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. The overall rate of secondary neoplasms was 12.8% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 9.2%-17.6%). The rates of development of malignant and benign tumors were 2.4% (95% CI, 1.4%-4.1%) and 10.3% (95% CI, 7.5%-13.9%), respectively. The rate of development of basal cell carcinoma was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.9%-3.2%), whereas the rate of the development of syringocystadenoma papilliferum was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.5%-5.3%) and that if trichoblastoma was 2.6% (95% CI, 1.7%-3.8%). CONCLUSIONS Although the rate of development of malignant tumors within a primary NS lesion is low, it is not negligible. Prophylactic early excision remains a viable approach to prevent secondary malignant neoplasms, address cosmetic and functional complications, and preempt the need for complex reconstruction in the future. We propose that resection of NS lesions in childhood remains a reasonable first-line option in the appropriate patient keeping in mind that it may leave an undesirable scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Pang
- From the Departments of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery
| | - Jevan Cevik
- From the Departments of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery
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Camiña-Conforto G, Ivars M, Sarquella-Brugada G, Valera-Dávila C, Salvador H, Rovira C, Baselga E. Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica: Exploring extracutaneous comorbidities and topical therapy. Pediatr Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38621679 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) is a RASopathy characterized by the presence of a sebaceous nevus and a papular speckled lentiginous nevus. This case report highlights the associated extracutaneous comorbidities, including life-threatening arrhythmia, and introduces topical rapamycin as a potential therapeutic avenue for sebaceous nevus in PPK patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Ivars
- Department of Dermatology, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Valera-Dávila
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Salvador
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Rovira
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Singh A, Gorell ES, Lucky AW. Topical everolimus therapy for epidermal nevi associated with woolly hair nevus in a patient with a mosaic HRAS mutation. Pediatr Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38558293 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A patient with woolly hair nevus syndrome, presented with epidermal facial nevi by the age of 12 years. Despite transient improvement with topical 1% sirolimus cream, the facial nevus grew larger. The patient was then treated with topical 1% everolimus cream resulting in a reduction in the size of the nevus. This case highlights a novel use of topical 1% everolimus cream, which previously has not been used to treat epidermal nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaljot Singh
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily S Gorell
- Division of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne W Lucky
- Division of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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6
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Plana-Pla A, Condal L, Jaka A, Blanco I, Castellanos E, Bielsa I. Verrucous epidermal nevus as a manifestation of a type 2 mosaic PTEN mutation in Cowden syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2023; 40:179-181. [PMID: 36151877 PMCID: PMC10087675 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Linear Cowden nevus, also known as linear PTEN nevus, is a type of epidermal nevus, first described in 2007, which is seen in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. It is considered to be a type 2 form of segmental mosaicism, and we suggest that it has certain clinical features that distinguish it from epidermal nevi seen in similar conditions, such as Proteus syndrome. We present a case of linear Cowden nevus in a 4-year-old boy and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Plana-Pla
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Condal
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane Jaka
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Bielsa
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mora-Fernández V, Plana-Pla A, Quer A, Blanco I, Bielsa I. White hyperkeratotic plaque in a patient with infantile spasms. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:973-975. [PMID: 36441000 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Mora-Fernández
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Plana-Pla
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Quer
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTIP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP-PMPPC), Can Ruti Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Bielsa
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (HUGTiP), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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