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Rau A, Keri J, Murase JE. Management of Acne in Pregnancy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:465-471. [PMID: 38453786 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-024-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions to affect women of childbearing age, so it is important to consider the safety of long-term acne treatments on women who could become pregnant. In this review article, we clarify what management options are available to treat acne during pregnancy. Topical treatments, typically first-line for acne, such as azelaic acid, clindamycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, dapsone, and retinoids, were reviewed. Systemic treatments, such as zinc supplements, cephalexin, cefadroxil, amoxicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and corticosteroids, typically second-line for acne, were also reviewed. Alternative treatments such as light therapy and cosmetic procedures were also evaluated. Due to recommendation of sunscreen utilization during acne treatments, sunscreen usage during pregnancy was also assessed. Management of acne during unplanned pregnancy was discussed in further detail regarding safety and adverse effects. Through summarized tables and examples of studies demonstrating safety and efficacy of treatments, the following is a resource for providers and patients to utilize for management of acne during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rau
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jonette Keri
- Department of Cutaneous Surgery and Dermatology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami VA Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jenny E Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, 701 East El Camino Real (31-104), Mountain View, CA, 94040, USA.
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Gracia-Cazaña T, Aguilera J, Navarro-Bielsa A, González S, Lim HW, Gilaberte Y. New trends on personalized sunscreens. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12967. [PMID: 38616500 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nowadays, there are emerging trends in customized and personalized photoprotection, focusing on the innovative approaches to enhance sun protection efficacy tailored to individual needs. METHODS We conducted an electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Skin Register, and TESEO. Specific search terms related to personalized photoprotection and the variables of age, genetic predisposition, skin phototype, photodermatosis, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, as well as lifestyle habits were used. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The article highlights the challenges and opportunities in adopting personalized photoprotection strategies, aiming to promote skin health and prevent the harmful effects of UV radiation in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro-Bielsa
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Henry Ford Medical Center-New Center One, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Druml L, Ilyas AM, Ilyas EN. Sunscreen Label Marketing Towards Pediatric Populations: Guidance for Navigating Sunscreen Choice. Cureus 2023; 15:e46785. [PMID: 37954729 PMCID: PMC10634137 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sunscreen marketing to specific demographics is largely unregulated. Marketing specifically targeting pediatric populations has the potential to drive consumer behavior. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) provide recommendations for sunscreen use in children over the age of six months. This study sought to determine if sunscreen products marketed toward pediatric populations align with healthcare guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sunscreens available in major retail outlets in the Philadelphia area were cataloged and reviewed for marketing targeting specific demographics such as "baby", "babies", "children", "kids", "sports", and "active". The products were reviewed for sun protection factor (SPF), broad-spectrum ultraviolet (UV) protection, water resistance, active UV filters, and application method. Results: Of 410 sunscreens cataloged, 27 were marketed towards "baby" or "babies", 44 towards "children" or "kids", and 71 towards "sports" or "active". All of the sunscreen products reviewed targeting the pediatric population offered water resistance for up to 80 minutes and broad-spectrum UV coverage. Sunscreens targeting "baby" or "babies" aligned most closely with AAP guidelines for sunscreen use in pediatric populations, with 92.6% offering an SPF between 15 to 50 and no products including oxybenzone as a UV filter. However, sunscreens targeting "children", "kids", "sports", and "active" bore a close resemblance to the overall sunscreen profile for all demographics but with a higher percentage of products containing oxybenzone. Oxybenzone was found in 11.4% of "children" and "kids" products and 16.9% of "sports" and "active" sunscreen products, compared to 7.6% of all sunscreen products available, and was also found in most sunscreen products with an SPF of 70 or higher. CONCLUSION Sunscreen products marketed towards "baby" and "babies" tend to align closely with guidelines for sunscreen use in the pediatric population for children over six months of age; however, those with brand marketing towards "children", "kids", "sports", and "active" do not. Limiting recommendations for a sunscreen product with an SPF of 30 to 50 targeting this demographic, however, sufficiently meets guidelines set forth by the AAP and AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Druml
- Dermatology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amber M Ilyas
- Health and Environmental Impact, AmberNoon, King of Prussia, USA
| | - Erum N Ilyas
- Dermatology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
- Research & Development, AmberNoon, King of Prussia, USA
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Gautam K, Seth M, Dwivedi S, Jain V, Vamadevan B, Singh D, Roy SK, Downs CA, Anbumani S. Soil degradation kinetics of oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) and toxicopathological assessment in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113689. [PMID: 35718163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A preponderance of recent evidence indicates that oxybenzone and other personal-care product chemicals threaten the biota inhabiting various ecological niches. What is understudied is the ecotoxicological impact of oxybenzone, a UV filter in sunscreens and anti-aging products, to terrestrial/soil organisms that are keystone species in these habitats. In the present study, acute exposure (14-day) to oxybenzone resulted in earthworm mortality (LC50 of 364 mg/kg) and growth rate inhibition. Environmentally relevant concentration of oxybenzone (3.64, 7.28 and 36.4 mg/kg) at exposures of 7-day, 14-day, 28-day induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity followed by perturbations in reproduction processes and changes in vital organs. Decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were statistically lower than controls (p < 0.05) on day 14 for all three concentrations, while glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was significantly elevated from controls on days 7 and 14. On day 28, SOD and CAT activities were either not significantly different from the control or were higher, demonstrating a temporal multiphasic response of anti-oxidant enzymes. GST activity on day 28 was significantly reduced compared to controls. Acetylcholinesterase levels across the three-time points exhibited a complicated behaviour, with every exposure concentration being significantly different from the control. Chronic exposure negatively influences earthworm health status with elevated biomarker values analysed using IBRv2 index. This, in turn, impacted higher levels of hierarchical organization, significantly impairing reproduction and organismal homeostasis at the histological level and manifesting as decreasing cocoon formation and successful hatching events. Thus, the overall findings demonstrate that oxybenzone is toxic to Eisenia fetida at low-level, long-term exposure. Based on the concentration verification analysis and application of the EPA PestDF tool, oxybenzone undergoes single first-order kinetics degradation in OECD soil with DT50 and DT90 as 8.7-28.9 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Monika Seth
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shreya Dwivedi
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veena Jain
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Beena Vamadevan
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somendu K Roy
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, Clifford, VA, 24522, USA
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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