Paysse EA, Kong L, Achim C, Weikert MP, Whitlow BT, Romany G, Coats DK. Developmental Improvement in Children With Intellectual Disability After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Severe Isoametropia.
Am J Ophthalmol 2022;
235:15-23. [PMID:
34450111 DOI:
10.1016/j.ajo.2021.08.011]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE
To assess the impact of refractive error correction from photorefractive keratectomy on development in children with severe isoametropia, subnormal visual acuity, and intellectual disability unable to use refraction correction.
DESIGN
Prospective noncomparative interventional case series.
METHODS
Before and after photorefractive keratometry (PRK), subjects who had plateaued developmentally for 18 or more months were assessed using a battery of developmental tests. The primary outcome measure was the change in the developmental quotient (DQ) 6 months after PRK. Secondary outcomes were the change in the DQ, uncorrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, and corneal status 12, 24, and 36 months after PRK.
RESULTS
Sixteen subjects aged 2 to 8 years were included. Twelve were highly myopic (mean, -9.69 ± 3.82 diopters [D]), 3 highly hyperopic (mean, +5.75 ± 0.59 D) and 1 highly astigmatic (mean, +3.50 D). Six months after PRK, the DQ significantly improved for expressive communication (mean, 4.51 ± 2.27 months; P = .04), interpersonal relationships (mean, 9.45 ± 4.18 months; P = .02) and coping (mean, 6.44 ± 2.10 months; P = .05). Twelve months after PRK, the DQ significantly improved for receptive communication (8.04 ± 1.80 months; P < .001), expressive communication (6.99 ± 2.27 months; P < .05), written communication (9.28 ± 3.72 months; P < .04), domestic skills (6.50 ± 2.43 months; P < .03), interpersonal relationships (10.57 ± 4.17 months; P < .02), and coping (8.41 ± 3.25 months; P < .5).
CONCLUSIONS
PRK significantly improves developmental abilities of children with intellectual disability, severe isoametropia, and previously plateaued development, in addition to improving visual acuity and refractive error.
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