Lorenzana IJ, Leske DA, Hatt SR, Dean TW, Jenewein EC, Dagi LR, Beal CJ, Pang Y, Retnasothie DV, Esposito CA, Erzurum SA, Aldrich AE, Crouch ER, Li Z, Kraker RT, Holmes JM, Cotter SA. Relationships among Clinical Factors and Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Adults with Convergence Insufficiency.
Optom Vis Sci 2022;
99:692-701. [PMID:
35914096 PMCID:
PMC9463113 DOI:
10.1097/opx.0000000000001929]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE
When exploring relationships among clinical measures and patient-reported outcome measures in adults with convergence insufficiency, worse symptoms (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS] score) seemed to be correlated with worse reading function domain score (Adult Strabismus-20 quality-of-life questionnaire). After treatment, improved symptoms were associated with improved reading function quality of life.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore relationships between clinical measures and patient-reported outcome measures in adults undergoing treatment for symptomatic convergence insufficiency.
METHODS
In a prospective multicenter observational study, we evaluated adults with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (i.e., clinical measures of near exodeviation, receded near point of convergence, reduced near positive fusional vergence; CISS score ≥21). Fifty-seven participants treated with vision therapy/exercises (n = 35) or base-in prism (n = 22) were analyzed. Spearman correlation coefficients ( R ) were used to assess associations among the three clinical measures and patient-reported outcome measures (CISS, Diplopia Questionnaire, four Adult Strabismus-20 quality-of-life domains) before treatment (baseline) and after 10 weeks and 1 year. Associations were interpreted to be present when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) was moderate to strong ( R ≥ 0.4).
RESULTS
Among multiple exploratory analyses, the only moderate to strong baseline correlation was between worse CISS and worse Adult Strabismus-20 reading function scores ( R = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.76). Regarding change in measures with treatment, the only moderate to strong correlations were between improved CISS and improved Adult Strabismus-20 reading function scores for prism at 10 weeks ( R = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.91) and 1 year ( R = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94) and for vision therapy/exercises at 1 year ( R = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.89).
CONCLUSIONS
In exploratory analyses, we found positive correlations between CISS symptom scores and reading function quality-of-life scores. The absence of correlations between symptoms and individual clinical measures is consistent with clinical experience that, in convergence insufficiency, symptoms and clinical findings can be discordant.
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