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Kılıç E, Cemali M, Akı E. The Impact of Cerebral Visual Impairment on Social Skills and Sensory Processing. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024:15394492241261358. [PMID: 39056531 DOI: 10.1177/15394492241261358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Limited evidence exists on the impact of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) on developmental domains in toddlers. This study investigated whether CVI influences social skills and sensory processing in toddlers with cerebral palsy (CP). The study included toddlers with CP, with or without CVI, and typically developing (TD) toddlers. All parents completed the demographic information form. Social skills were assessed by the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Sensory processing was evaluated by the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Analysis of covariance was employed to assess the disparity in BITSEA and ITSP scores. Toddlers with CP and CVI group demonstrated lower social competence than the other groups (p < .05). Having CVI did not cause a statistically significant difference in sensory processing among toddlers with CP (p > .05). CVI significantly affects social competence in toddlers with CP but does not affect sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esra Akı
- Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Borba R, Freitas T, Marques C, Nóbrega L, Higino T, Rocha C, Ventura CV, Sallum J, Ventura LO. Long-term visual and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with Congenital Zika Syndrome after undergoing strabismus surgery. Strabismus 2024; 32:91-101. [PMID: 38773721 PMCID: PMC11208075 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2024.2346551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess long-term visual and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) after strabismus surgery. Methods: A consecutive sample of five children with CZS who underwent strabismus surgery was enrolled. All children underwent a standardized pre- and postoperative protocol including binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Teller Acuity Cards II (TAC II), ocular alignment, functional vision using the functional vision developmental milestones test (FVDMT), and neurodevelopmental milestone evaluation using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition (BSID-III). Scores of the FVDMT outcomes considering the child's developmental age based on the BSID-III score were compared with scores from postoperative assessment. Results: Five children with CZS (3 girls, 2 boys) were enrolled with a mean age at baseline (preoperative) of 35.0 ± 0.7 months (range, 34-36 months) and at final assessment of 64.4 ± 0.5 months (range, 64-65 months). Preoperative BCVA was 1.2 ± 0.5 logMAR and at final assessment 0.7 ± 0.1 logMAR. Successful strabismus surgery outcome was maintained in 4/5 (80.0%) of children at final assessment. The children's BSID-III scores showed significant neurodevelopment delay at the initial assessment (corresponding developmental mean age was 4.7 months) and at their final assessment (corresponding developmental mean age was 5.1 months). There was improvement or stability in 34/46 items evaluated in the FVDMT (73.9%) when comparing baseline with 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: Strabismus surgery resulted in long-term ocular alignment in the majority of children with CZS. All the children showed improvement or stability in more than 70.0% of the functional vision items assessed. Visual and neurodevelopmental dysfunction may be related to complex condition and associated disorders seen in CZS including ocular, neurological, and skeletal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíne Borba
- Rehabilitation Center, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Freitas
- Rehabilitation Center, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Rehabilitation Center, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Nóbrega
- Rehabilitation Center, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Taciana Higino
- Department of Research, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camilla Rocha
- Department of Research, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila V. Ventura
- Department of Research, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liana O. Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Herron MS, Wang L, von Bartheld CS. Prevalence and Types of Strabismus in Cerebral Palsy: A Global and Historical Perspective Based on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38635869 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2331537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strabismus is more frequent in cerebral palsy (CP) than in the normal population, but reports differ how much it is increased. We here examined the global prevalence and types of strabismus in CP, whether esotropia or exotropia is more frequent, and whether the prevalence differs between ethnicities and/or country income levels, and between generations. METHODS We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of 147 CP studies that report the prevalence of strabismus or the ratio of esotropia to exotropia, and we conducted subgroup analyses for region (income level) and ethnicity. We performed a pooled analysis for the CP strabismus prevalence, and estimated the global number of CP cases with strabismus. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of strabismus in CP is 49.8% in high-income countries and 39.8% in lower-income countries. We estimate the global number of strabismus cases in CP as 12.2 million, with 7.6 million males and 4.6 million females, based on current estimates of 29.6 million global CP cases. Esotropia is more frequent than exotropia in Caucasians, while exotropia is more frequent than esotropia in Hispanic and in some Asian and African populations. The strabismus prevalence in CP increases with increasing country income levels. CONCLUSION Generational changes in strabismus prevalence appear to reflect a transition of CP types and an increase in prevalence as countries attain higher income and more effective maternal health care. The distribution of esotropia and exotropia in CP patients largely reflects the horizontal strabismus type that is predominant in the subject's ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Herron
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Lingchen Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Christopher S von Bartheld
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Herron MS, Wang L, von Bartheld CS. Prevalence and types of strabismus in cerebral palsy: A global and historical perspective based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.23.24301684. [PMID: 38343841 PMCID: PMC10854329 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.24301684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Strabismus is more frequent in cerebral palsy (CP) than in the normal population, but reports differ how much it is increased. We here examined the global prevalence and types of strabismus in CP, whether esotropia or exotropia is more frequent, and whether the prevalence differs between ethnicities and/or country income levels, and between generations. Methods We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of 147 CP studies that report the prevalence of strabismus or the ratio of esotropia to exotropia, and we conducted subgroup analyses for region (income level) and ethnicity. We performed a pooled analysis for the CP strabismus prevalence, and estimated the global number of CP cases with strabismus. Results The pooled prevalence of strabismus in CP is 49.8% in high-income countries and 39.8% in lower-income countries. We estimate the global number of strabismus cases in CP as 12.2 million, with 7.6 million males and 4.6 million females, based on current estimates of 29.6 million global CP cases. Esotropia is more frequent than exotropia in Caucasians, while exotropia is more frequent than esotropia in Hispanic and in some Asian and African populations. The strabismus prevalence in CP increases with increasing country income levels. Conclusion Generational changes in strabismus prevalence appear to reflect a transition of CP types and an increase in prevalence as countries attain higher income and more effective maternal health care. The distribution of esotropia and exotropia in CP patients largely reflects the horizontal strabismus type that is predominant in the subject's ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Herron
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Lingchen Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Christopher S. von Bartheld
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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McCarty TV, Light JC. "It's like a guessing game all the time": parent insights on barriers, supports, and priorities for children with cortical visual impairment and complex communication needs. Augment Altern Commun 2023; 39:256-269. [PMID: 37158794 PMCID: PMC11267258 DOI: 10.1080/07434618.2023.2206904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents of children with both cortical visual impairment (CVI) and complex communication needs offer unique perspectives on their children's journeys to receiving proper diagnoses, supports, and interventions, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This study explored the lived experiences, supports, and barriers identified by parents through a qualitative phenomenological approach. Nine parents of children with both CVI and complex communication needs were interviewed virtually. Results indicated five themes descriptive of the parents' experiences: Challenges Piecing Together a CVI Diagnosis; Dealing with Low Expectations of Others; Parents Empowered to Take Action; Guessing Game to Determine Appropriate AAC to Accommodate CVI; and Aligning Professional Practice with Parent Priorities. Whereas some of these themes echoed the experiences of parents of children with complex communication needs (such as those with cerebral palsy) who were not specifically diagnosed with CVI, other themes were unique to this set of parents including the uncertainty of AAC design and intervention given the challenges of CVI and the necessity of more than one way for children to communicate given their visual challenges. This study highlighted the dire need for continued investigation to determine effective AAC interventions for individuals with CVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara V McCarty
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Janice C Light
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Chokron S, Kovarski K, Dutton GN. Cortical Visual Impairments and Learning Disabilities. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:713316. [PMID: 34720906 PMCID: PMC8548846 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.713316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances in neonatology have improved the survival rate of premature infants, as well as children who are born under difficult neurological conditions. As a result, the prevalence of cerebral dysfunctions, whether minimal or more severe, is increasing in all industrialized countries and in some developing nations. Whereas in the past, ophthalmological diseases were considered principally responsible for severe visual impairment, today, all recent epidemiological studies show that the primary cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in children in industrialized countries is now neurological, with lesions acquired around the time of birth currently comprising the commonest contributor. The resulting cortical or cerebral visual impairments (CVIs) have long been ignored, or have been confused either with other ophthalmological disorders causing low vision, or with a range of learning disabilities. We present here the deleterious consequences that CVI can have upon learning and social interaction, and how these can be given behavioral labels without the underlying visual causes being considered. We discuss the need to train and inform clinicians in the identification and diagnosis of CVI, and how to distinguish the diagnosis of CVI from amongst other visual disorders, including the specific learning disorders. This is important because the range of approaches needed to enhance the development of children with CVI is specific to each child's unique visual needs, making incorrect labeling or diagnosis potentially detrimental to affected children because these needs are not met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Chokron
- Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Klara Kovarski
- Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gordon N. Dutton
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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