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Wrześniok D, Rok J, Beberok A, Rzepka Z, Respondek M, Pilawa B, Zdybel M, Delijewski M, Buszman E. Kanamycin induces free radicals formation in melanocytes: An important factor for aminoglycosides ototoxicity. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1165-1173. [PMID: 30461043 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ototoxicity is well-documented but not fully understood undesirable side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotic, kanamycin. Kanamycin is capable of binding to melanin biopolymers-natural pigments of the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin-producing cells, melanocytes, are also present in the inner ear and are known to be necessary for normal hearing. It was considered that melanin content in the inner ear may influence aminoglycoside-induced ototoxic effect. The impact of kanamycin on melanocytes homeostasis may thus play role in the antibiotic-induced ototoxic effect. Previously, we demonstrated that kanamycin disturbs homeostasis in light-pigmented melanocytes. To investigate if/how melanization contributes to this phenomenon, the study using in vitro model of dark-pigmented melanocytes is required. Spectrophotometric measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis were performed. Kanamycin induced a concentration-dependent loss in HEMn-DP melanocytes viability. The value of IC 50 was estimated to be 5.0 mM. Modulation of the activity of analyzed antioxidant enzymes and increased production of free radicals as well as the decrease of the melanin content were observed. Our results confirmed that kanamycin generates oxidative stress in melanocytes. The increased level of free radicals caused by kanamycin may be responsible for the imbalance of antioxidant defense and the reduction of melanin content in melanocytes. The role of melanin in the mechanism of kanamycin-induced hearing impairment was discussed and the obtained results were compared with the previously demonstrated data concerning light-pigmented melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michalina Respondek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdybel
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Buszman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Zdybel M, Chodurek E, Pilawa B. Effect of simvastatin in different concentrations on free radicals in A-2058 human melanoma malignum cells-EPR studies. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2483-2492. [PMID: 30277600 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of concentration of simvastatin (SIM) on free radicals in A-2058 human melanoma malignum cells was studied. The proliferation assay for melanoma A-2058 cells with SIM in concentration range from 0.1 to 20 µM was performed. SIM in the concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μM only slightly changed the growth of A-2058 cells, but the growth of the cells considerably decreased for higher concentrations of SIM. Free radicals in the cells were examined by an X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. o-Semiquinone free radicals with g-factors in the range of 2.0060 to 2.0065 were found in A-2058 cells. The asymmetric broad EPR spectra with linewidths (ΔBpp ) from 0.87 to 1.25 mT were measured. The fast spin-lattice relaxation processes characterized all the tested cells. The free radical concentrations in the all A-2058 cells cultured with SIM were lower than in the control cells. The quenching of free radicals in A-2058 cells depended on concentration of SIM. This effect was the weakest for concentration of SIM of 3 μM. The strongest decrease of free radical concentration caused SIM in concentration of 1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zdybel
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Chodurek
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Comparative EPR studies of free radicals in melanin synthesized by Bacillus weihenstephanensis soil strains. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Zdybel M, Chodurek E, Pilawa B. Free radicals in ultraviolet irradiated melanins and melanin complexes with Cd(II) and Cu(II) - EPR examination. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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