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Mukherjee S, Shelar B, Krishna S. Versatile role of miR-24/24-1*/24-2* expression in cancer and other human diseases. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:20-54. [PMID: 35173828 PMCID: PMC8829624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs (miRs) have been proven to be well-validated therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that intricate, intrinsic and paradoxical functions of miRs are context-dependent because of their multiple upstream regulators, broad spectrum of downstream molecular targets and distinct expression in various tissues, organs and disease states. Targeted therapy has become an emerging field of research. One key for the development of successful miR-based/targeted therapy is to acquire integrated knowledge of its regulatory network and its association with disease phenotypes to identify critical nodes of the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, we systematically summarized the comprehensive role of miR-24-3p (miR-24), along with its passenger strands miR-24-1-5p* (miR-24-1) and miR-24-2-5p* (miR-24-2), emphasizing their microenvironment, intracellular targets, and associated gene networks and regulatory phenotypes in 18 different cancer types and 13 types of other disorders. MiR-24 targets and regulates numerous genes in various cancer types and enhances the expression of several oncogenes (e.g., cMyc, BCL2 and HIF1), which are challenging in terms of druggability. In contrast, several tumor suppressor proteins (p21 and p53) have been reported to be downregulated by miR-24. MiR-24 also regulates the cell cycle and is associated with numerous cancer hallmarks such as apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis, autophagy, drug resistance and other diseases pathogenesis. Overall, miR-24 plays an emerging role in the diagnosis, prognosis and pathobiology of various diseases. MiR-24 is a potential target for targeted therapy in the era of precision medicine, which expands the landscape of targetable macromolecules, including undruggable proteins.
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Lin KH, Ng SC, Paul CR, Chen HC, Zeng RY, Liu JS, Padma VV, Huang CY, Kuo WW. MicroRNA-210 repression facilitates advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via JNK activation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1873-1885. [PMID: 34545968 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia results in the formation of reactive oxygen species which in turn causes advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our previous study showed that AGE-induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis is mediated via protein kinase C delta (PKCδ)-enhanced mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes. By using microRNA (miRNA) database, miRNA-210 was predicted to target c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which were previously identified as downstream of PKCδ in regulating mitochondrial function. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-210 mediates PKCδ-dependent upregulation of JNK to cause cardiac mitochondrial damage and apoptosis following AGE exposure. AGE-exposed cells showed activated cardiac JNK, PKCδ, and apoptosis, which were reversed by treatment with a JNK inhibitor and PKCδ-KD (deficient kinase). Cardiac miR-210 and mitochondrial function were downregulated following AGE exposure. Furthermore, JNK was upregulated and involved in AGE-induced mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, luciferase activity of the miR-210 mimic plus JNK WT-3'-untranslated region overexpressed group was significantly lower than that of miR-210 mimic plus JNK MT-3'UTR group, indicating that JNK is a target of miR-210. Moreover, JNK activation induced by AGEs was reduced by treatment with the miR-210 mimic and reversed by treatment with the miR-210 inhibitor, indicating the regulatory function of miR-210 in JNK activation following AGE exposure. Additionally, JNK-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis were reversed following treatment with the miR-210 mimic, while the miR-210 inhibitor showed no effect on JNK-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in AGE-exposed cardiac cells. Taken together, our study showed that PKCδ-enhanced JNK-dependent mitochondrial damage is mediated through the reduction of miR-210 in cardiomyocytes following AGE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ho Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Chuan Ng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Catherine R Paul
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-You Zeng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Thoracic, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Viswanadha V Padma
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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