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Yogeswaran A, Mamazhakypov A, Schermuly RT, Weiß A. Right ventricular failure in pulmonary hypertension: recent insights from experimental models. Herz 2023; 48:285-290. [PMID: 37079028 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-023-05180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) function is a critical determinant of the prognosis of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Upon establishment of PH, RV dysfunction develops, leading to a gradual worsening of the condition over time, culminating in RV failure and premature mortality. Despite this understanding, the underlying mechanisms of RV failure remain obscure. As a result, there are currently no approved therapies specifically targeting the right ventricle. One contributing factor to the lack of RV-directed therapies is the complexity of the pathogenesis of RV failure as observed in animal models and clinical studies. In recent years, various research groups have begun utilizing multiple models, including both afterload-dependent and afterload-independent models, to investigate specific targets and pharmacological agents in RV failure. In this review, we examine various animal models of RV failure and the recent advancements made utilizing these models to study the mechanisms of RV failure and the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions, with the ultimate goal of translating these findings into clinical practice to enhance the management of individuals with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athiththan Yogeswaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiß
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
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Müller M, Donhauser E, Maske T, Bischof C, Dumitrescu D, Rudolph V, Klinke A. Mitochondrial Integrity Is Critical in Right Heart Failure Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11108. [PMID: 37446287 PMCID: PMC10342493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular processes underlying right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) and right heart failure (RHF) need to be understood to develop tailored therapies for the abatement of mortality of a growing patient population. Today, the armament to combat RHF is poor, despite the advancing identification of pathomechanistic processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction implying diminished energy yield, the enhanced release of reactive oxygen species, and inefficient substrate metabolism emerges as a potentially significant cardiomyocyte subcellular protagonist in RHF development. Dependent on the course of the disease, mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate utilization, redox balance, and oxidative phosphorylation are affected. The objective of this review is to comprehensively analyze the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in preclinical and clinical RVD and RHF and to decipher the relationship between mitochondrial processes and the functional aspects of the right ventricle (RV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Müller
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Elfi Donhauser
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tibor Maske
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Bischof
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Dumitrescu
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- Agnes Wittenborg Institute for Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Peng J, Ma X, Chen Y, Yan J, Jiang H. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice exhibit different neuro-behaviors and sensitivity to midazolam- and propofol-induced anesthesia. Physiol Behav 2023; 264:114146. [PMID: 36889487 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypes of inbred mice are strain-dependent, indicating the important influence of genetic background in biomedical research. C57BL/6 is one of the most commonly used inbred mouse strains, and its two closely related substrains, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N, have been separated for only about 70 years. These two substrains have accumulated genetic variations and exhibit different phenotypes, but it remains unclear whether they respond to anesthetics differently. In this study, commercially acquired wildtype C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice from two different sources were analyzed and compared for their response to a spectrum of anesthetics (midazolam, propofol, esketamine or isoflurane anesthesia) and their performance in a series of behavioral tests associated with neurological functions including open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), Y maze, prepulse inhibition (PPI), tail strain test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Loss of the righting reflex (LORR) is used to measure the anesthetic effects. Our results suggested that the anesthesia induction time induced by either of the four anesthetics were comparable for the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice. However, C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice do exhibit different sensitivity to midazolam and propofol. The anesthesia duration of midazolam of C57BL/6J mice was about 60% shorter than that of the C57BL/6N mice, while the LORR duration induced by propofol in C57BL/6J mice was 51% longer than that of the C57BL/6N. In comparison, the two substrains were anesthetized by esketamine or isoflurane similarly. In the behavioral analysis, the C57BL/6J mice exhibited a lower level of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in OFT, EPM, FST and TST than the C57BL/6N mice. Locomotor activity and sensorimotor gating of these two substrains remained comparable. Our results stress the point that when selecting inbred mice for allele mutation or behavioral testing, the influence of even subtle differences in genetic background should be fully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Peng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Miao R, Wang L, Chen Z, Ge S, Li L, Zhang K, Chen Y, Guo W, Duan X, Zhu M, Zhao G, Lin F. Advances in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in myocardial remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000578. [PMID: 36407440 PMCID: PMC9669076 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is a key pathophysiological basis of heart failure, which seriously threatens human health and causes a severe economic burden worldwide. During chronic stress, the heart undergoes myocardial remodeling, mainly manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, chamber enlargement, and cardiac dysfunction. The NADPH oxidase family (NOXs) are multisubunit transmembrane enzyme complexes involved in the generation of redox signals. Studies have shown that NOXs are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in the pathological development process of myocardial remodeling, which influences the development of heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on the pathophysiological processes related to the regulation of myocardial remodeling by NOXs, suggesting that NOXs-dependent regulatory mechanisms of myocardial remodeling are promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runran Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shiqi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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