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Xie Q, Xu K, Sang Z, Luo D, Chen C, Fu W, Xue W. Allergenicity Modulation of Casein with the Modifications of Linearization, Cross-Linking, and Glycation via the Regulation of Th1/Th2 Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10031-10045. [PMID: 38629959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Casein (CN) is the primary allergenic protein in cow's milk, contributing to the worldwide escalating prevalence of food allergies. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the effect of structural modifications on CN allergenicity. Herein, we prepared three modified CNs (mCN), including sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol-induced linear CN (LCN), transglutaminase-cross-linked CN (TCN), and glucose-glycated CN (GCN). The electrophoresis results indicated widespread protein aggregation among mCN, causing variations in their molecular weights. The unique internal and external structural characteristics of mCN were substantiated by disparities in surface microstructure, alterations in the secondary structure, variations in free amino acid contents, and modifications in functional molecular groups. Despite the lower digestibility of TCN and GCN compared to LCN, they significantly suppressed IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells without significantly promoting their proliferation. Moreover, GCN showed the weakest capacity to induce LAD2 cell degranulation. Despite the therapeutic effect of TCN, GCN-treated mice displayed the most prominent attenuation of allergic reactions and a remarkably restored Th1/Th2 imbalance, while LCN administration resulted in severe allergic phenotypes and endotypes in both cellular and murine models. This study highlighted the detrimental effect of linear modifications and underscored the significance of glycation in relation to CN allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311200, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Sang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
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Xu Y, Zhang F, Mu G, Zhu X. Effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on cow milk allergenicity and antigenicity: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13257. [PMID: 38284611 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cow milk is a major allergenic food. The potential prevention and treatment effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented dairy products on allergic symptoms have garnered considerable attention. Cow milk allergy (CMA) is mainly attributed to extracellular and/or cell envelope proteolytic enzymes with hydrolysis specificity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that LAB prevents the risk of allergies by modulating the development and regulation of the host immune system. Specifically, LAB and its effectors can enhance intestinal barrier function and affect immune cells by interfering with humoral and cellular immunity. Fermentation hydrolysis of allergenic epitopes is considered the main mechanism of reducing CMA. This article reviews the linear epitopes of allergens in cow milk and the effect of LAB on these allergens and provides insight into the means of predicting allergenic epitopes by conventional laboratory analysis methods combined with molecular simulation. Although LAB can reduce CMA in several ways, the mechanism of action remains partially clarified. Therefore, this review additionally attempts to summarize the main mechanism of LAB fermentation to provide guidance for establishing an effective preventive and treatment method for CMA and serve as a reference for the screening, research, and application of LAB-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Functional Probiotics, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Cronin C, Muñoz Archidona C, Fernández Prudencio B, Gallagher A, Velasco Zuniga R, Trujillo Wurttele J. Real-Life Use of Component-Specific IgE in IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in a Spanish Paediatric Allergy Centre. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:76. [PMID: 37987254 PMCID: PMC10660737 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Spain, IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects approximately 0.69% of infants. Molecular diagnosis may be useful for monitoring natural spontaneous tolerance development in CMPA. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse a cohort of paediatric patients with IgE-mediated CMPA who were avoiding milk products awaiting natural tolerance and determine the relationship between disease persistence and major cow's milk allergens. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 200 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated CMPA between 2011 and 2020 was conducted. Patients strictly avoided milk products until an oral food challenge was performed. The main outcome was the introduction of liquid milk following a negative oral food challenge and its correlation with IgE and SPT measurements of milk components at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included the rate of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis during the treatment period and its correlation with IgE and SPT measurements. RESULTS Of the 200 charts analysed, 122 patients had a negative oral food challenge to milk (61.0%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 54.1-67.5) following a period of strict avoidance of milk. Higher levels of component-specific IgE, especially casein, were associated with failure in the oral food challenge (p = 0.02). Allergic reactions were experienced by 106 children (53%), of which 34 (17%; 95% CI: 12.4-22.8) had anaphylactic reactions. The risk of anaphylaxis was not predicted by raised IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS While a large proportion of children acquired natural tolerance to cow's milk following a period of strict avoidance, IgE-mediated CMPA persisted in many children. Casein IgE levels at diagnosis were raised in those who failed to achieve natural tolerance. Allergic reactions to milk, including anaphylaxis, occurred commonly, but this was not predicted by raised IgE levels or SPT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Cronin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork (CRF-C), Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Aoife Gallagher
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork (CRF-C), Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Roberto Velasco Zuniga
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Hospital Universitari Parc Tauli Barcelona, 08208 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Trujillo Wurttele
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork (CRF-C), Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
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4
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Wang X, Hu Y, Tan H, Dong X, Zhang S, Fu S, Gao J, Chen H, Liu G, Li X. Glutamine and lysine as common residues from epitopes on α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin from cow milk identified by phage display technology. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7382-7395. [PMID: 37641259 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cow milk is an important source of food protein for children; however, it could lead to allergy, especially for infants. α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) from whey protein make up a relatively high proportion of milk proteins and have received widespread attention as major allergens in milk. However, few studies have identified the epitopes of both proteins simultaneously. In this study, ImmunoCAP and indirect ELISA were first used for detection of sIgE to screen sera from allergic patients with high binding capacity for α-LA and β-LG. Subsequently, the mimotopes was biopanned by phage display technology and bioinformatics and 17 mimic peptide sequences were obtained. Aligned with the sequences of α-LA or β-LG, we identified one linear epitope on α-LA at AA 11-26 and 5 linear epitopes on β-LG at AA 9-29, AA 45-57, AA 77-80, AA 98-101, and AA 121-135, respectively. Meanwhile, the 8 conformational epitopes and their distributions of α-LA and β-LG were located using the Pepitope Server. Finally, glutamine and lysine were determined as common AA residues for the conformational epitopes both on α-LA and β-LG. Moreover, we found the addition of mouse anti-human IgE during the biopanning process did not significantly affect the identification of the epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongkai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Siqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute (Jiangxi-OAI), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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5
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Lee ASE, Suprun M, Sampson H. Epitope-Based IgE Assays and Their Role in Providing Diagnosis and Prognosis of Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2983-2988. [PMID: 37394177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
With advances in molecular and computational science, epitope-specific IgE antibody profiling has been developed and recently brought into clinical practice. Epitope-based testing detects IgE antibodies that directly bind to antigenic sites of an allergen, providing increased resolution specificity and fewer false-positive results for diagnosing food allergy. Epitope-binding profiles may also serve as prognostic markers of food allergy and help predict quantities of allergen that would provoke a reaction (ie, eliciting dose, possible severity of a reaction after allergen ingestion, and outcomes of treatment options such as oral immunotherapy [OIT]). Future studies are under way to discover additional applications of epitope-specific antibodies for multiple food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sang Eun Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Maria Suprun
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pa
| | - Hugh Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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He S, Xiong M, Li L, Yan Y, Li J, Feng Z, Li Y, Zhao J, Dong Y, Li X, Chen H, Long C. One-Step Purification of IgE Epitope-Specific Antibody Using Immunomagnetic Beads and Highly Sensitive Detection of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin for the Prediction of Milk Allergenicity in Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14068-14078. [PMID: 37679308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a common allergen found in milk, and the immunoglobulin E (IgE) epitope plays a crucial role in cow milk allergy. Therefore, targeting the IgE epitope could be useful in accurately detecting BLG and assessing its allergenicity. However, producing an IgE epitope-specific antibody (IgE-EsAb) through traditional methods requires complex and time-consuming procedures. Here, IgE-EsAb was purified from rabbit anti-BLG sera by immunomagnetic beads in one step. Then, a sandwich ELISA (sELISA) based on the IgE-EsAb was developed to detect BLG and predict the potential milk allergenicity in foods. The obtained IgE-EsAb could specifically recognize the target IgE epitope of BLG and exhibited high affinity and specificity. The developed IgE-EsAb-based sELISA demonstrated an ultra-wide linear range of 3.9-1.28 × 105 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.49 ng/mL for BLG. Additionally, the proposed immunoassay showed high specificity and recoveries (91.24-109.61%). The ability of the IgE-EsAb-based sELISA to evaluate the potential milk allergenicity in foods was validated using sera from cow milk allergy patients. These results suggest that immunomagnetic beads are an effective tool for rapidly obtaining the IgE-EsAb, and our proposed sELISA could be a reliable and user-friendly method for monitoring trace amounts of BLG and predicting the potential milk allergenicity of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfa He
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meng Xiong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liming Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ziling Feng
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiangqiang Zhao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yaping Dong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Caiyun Long
- Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganzhou 341000, China
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7
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Pereira RN, Rodrigues RM, Madalena DA, Vicente A. Tackling food allergens-The role of food processing on proteins' allergenicity. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:317-351. [PMID: 37722777 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
This chapter examines how innovative and emerging food processing technologies, such as those that use heat, electricity, electromagnetic waves, and pressure, can modify protein denaturation, aggregation, and intermolecular interactions pathways, which can result in varying immunoreactive responses. It emphasizes the need to understand how these processing methods affect the protein epitopes recognized by antibodies and their respective priming pathways, especially during the sensitization stage that precedes an allergic response. Although traditional processing methods have been investigated, the impact of novel technologies on food protein allergenicity remains largely unknown. The chapter specifically focuses on milk proteins, which have clinical significance and are associated with cow's milk allergy, one of the most common food allergies in young children. Additionally, it examines potential scientific advancements that novel processing methods may bring to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Madalena
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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8
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Xiong Z, Wang W, Ma X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Yang A, Wu Y, Meng X, Chen H, Li X. Development of a Two-Step Hydrolysis Hypoallergenic Cow's Milk Formula and Evaluation of Residue Allergenicity by Peptidomics and Immunoreactivity Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12237-12249. [PMID: 37531557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is an abnormal immune response that severely affects the nutritional supplementation of allergic infants. Currently, only a limited number of hypoallergenic formulas are available on the market, and these are only categorized according to their degree of hydrolysis, which still poses an allergy risk and cannot be consumed by CMA patients, especially infants. To address this issue, we developed a two-step hydrolysis hypoallergenic formula targeting destruction of allergen epitope from whey protein. Then, a comprehensive evaluation system was constructed, including peptidomics analysis, in vivo and in vitro allergenicity assessments, revealing allergic changes in the product from the epitope structure level to the immunological level. The results showed that 97.14% of hydrolyzed peptides from α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin did not contain allergenic epitopes after treatment with trypsin and flavourzyme. In vitro and in vivo allergenicity assessment results confirmed that the two-step hydrolysis method effectively reduced the allergenicity of whey protein. Compared with the common milk powder, the hypoallergenic formula induced lower levels of basophil degranulation and relieved the body's anaphylactic symptoms caused by cow milk. This study provides a promising solution to the limited hypoallergenic formula problem and may benefit allergic infants who require nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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9
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Garib V, Trifonova D, Freidl R, Linhart B, Schlederer T, Douladiris N, Pampura A, Dolotova D, Lepeshkova T, Gotua M, Varlamov E, Beltyukov E, Naumova V, Taka S, Kiyamova A, Katsamaki S, Karaulov A, Valenta R. Milk Allergen Micro-Array (MAMA) for Refined Detection of Cow's-Milk-Specific IgE Sensitization. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102401. [PMID: 37242284 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin-E(IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to cow's milk allergens is a frequent cause of severe and life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Besides case histories and controlled food challenges, the detection of the IgE antibodies specific to cow's milk allergens is important for the diagnosis of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. Cow´s milk allergen molecules provide useful information for the refined detection of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. METHODS A micro-array based on ImmunoCAP ISAC technology was developed and designated milk allergen micro-array (MAMA), containing a complete panel of purified natural and recombinant cow's milk allergens (caseins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin-BSA and lactoferrin), recombinant BSA fragments, and α-casein-, α-lactalbumin- and β-lactoglobulin-derived synthetic peptides. Sera from 80 children with confirmed symptoms related to cow's milk intake (without anaphylaxis: n = 39; anaphylaxis with a Sampson grade of 1-3: n = 21; and anaphylaxis with a Sampson grade of 4-5: n = 20) were studied. The alterations in the specific IgE levels were analyzed in a subgroup of eleven patients, i.e., five who did not and six who did acquire natural tolerance. RESULTS The use of MAMA allowed a component-resolved diagnosis of IgE sensitization in each of the children suffering from cow's-milk-related anaphylaxis according to Sampson grades 1-5 requiring only 20-30 microliters of serum. IgE sensitization to caseins and casein-derived peptides was found in each of the children with Sampson grades of 4-5. Among the grade 1-3 patients, nine patients showed negative reactivity to caseins but showed IgE reactivity to alpha-lactalbumin (n = 7) or beta-lactoglobulin (n = 2). For certain children, an IgE sensitization to cryptic peptide epitopes without detectable allergen-specific IgE was found. Twenty-four children with cow-milk-specific anaphylaxis showed additional IgE sensitizations to BSA, but they were all sensitized to either caseins, alpha-lactalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin. A total of 17 of the 39 children without anaphylaxis lacked specific IgE reactivity to any of the tested components. The children developing tolerance showed a reduction in allergen and/or peptide-specific IgE levels, whereas those remaining sensitive did not. CONCLUSIONS The use of MAMA allows for the detection, using only a few microliters of serum, of IgE sensitization to multiple cow's milk allergens and allergen-derived peptides in cow-milk-allergic children with cow-milk-related anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Garib
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- International Center of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovation Development, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Daria Trifonova
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Raphaela Freidl
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schlederer
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pampura
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics Named after Yuri Veltischev at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Dolotova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Lepeshkova
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and Immunology, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maia Gotua
- Center of Allergy and Immunology, 123182 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Evgeniy Varlamov
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics Named after Yuri Veltischev at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Beltyukov
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and Immunology, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Veronika Naumova
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and Immunology, Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alina Kiyamova
- International Center of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovation Development, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Stefani Katsamaki
- International Center of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovation Development, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
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10
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Zhao Q, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Q, Zhu L, Jiang L. Efficient reduction of β-lactoglobulin allergenicity in milk using Clostridium tyrobutyricum Z816. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Kamath SD, Bublin M, Kitamura K, Matsui T, Ito K, Lopata AL. Cross-reactive epitopes and their role in food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1178-1190. [PMID: 36932025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Allergenic cross-reactivity among food allergens complicates the diagnosis and management of food allergy. This can result in many patients being sensitized (having allergen-specific IgE) to foods without exhibiting clinical reactivity. Some food groups such as shellfish, fish, tree nuts, and peanuts have very high rates of cross-reactivity. In contrast, relatively low rates are noted for grains and milk, whereas many other food families have variable rates of cross-reactivity or are not well studied. Although classical cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants are clinically not relevant, α-Gal in red meat through tick bites can lead to severe reactions. Multiple sensitizations to tree nuts complicate the diagnosis and management of patients allergic to peanut and tree nut. This review discusses cross-reactive allergens and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in the major food groups, and where available, describes their B-cell and T-cell epitopes. The clinical relevance of these cross-reactive B-cell and T-cell epitopes is highlighted and their possible impact on allergen-specific immunotherapy for food allergy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip D Kamath
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Merima Bublin
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katsumasa Kitamura
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical CenterAichi, Japan
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical CenterAichi, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical CenterAichi, Japan; Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore; Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Ye M, Xu Z, Tan H, Yang F, Yuan J, Wu Y, Wu Z, Yang A, Chen H, Li X. Allergenicity reduction of cow milk treated by alkaline protease combined with Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus based on epitopes. Food Chem 2023; 421:136180. [PMID: 37105121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper has investigated the residual allergenicity of cow's milk treated by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with Lactobacillus fermentation (Lb. Plantarum and Lb. helveticus). The treated products were comprehensively evaluated by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, ELISA, and Caco-2 models. And the allergenic changes of residual allergenic peptides were explored by DC-T co-culture. The results showed that alkaline protease was the most suitable protease that targeted to destroy epitopes of milk major allergen than trypsin, pepsin, and papain by prediction. And the residual epitopes were reduced to four which was treated by alkaline protease combined with Lb. helveticus. The transport absorption capacity of treated products was almost twice than milk. Meanwhile, the seven residual allergenic peptides were obtained from treated products. Among them, αs1-casein (AA84-90) can be used as an immune tolerance peptide for further study. Lb. helveticus combined with alkaline protease treatment may be considered promising strategy of protect from cow's milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Zihao Xu
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Hongkai Tan
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- School of Pharmacy Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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13
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Nelis JLD, Dawson AL, Bose U, Anderson A, Colgrave ML, Broadbent JA. Safe food through better labelling; a robust method for the rapid determination of caprine and bovine milk allergens. Food Chem 2023; 417:135885. [PMID: 36917909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Accidental milk cross-contamination is one of the most common causes for costly food recalls. Yet, quantifying trace-levels of allergen is time-consuming and current methods are not adapted for routine analyses making quality control for trace-level allergen content impractical. This perpetuates voluntary "may-contain" statements that are unhelpful for people suffering from food allergies. Here, we developed a rapid LC-MS method enabling milk allergen quantification by comparing all tryptic-peptides of major milk allergens. The bovine-specific αS-2 casein peptide and allergen-epitope NAVPITPTLNR provided excellent performance in sensitivity (LOD 1 mg.kg-1; LOQ 2 mg.kg-1) across various dairy products, good recovery rates in baked croissants (77% with a 10% inter-day RSD) and a linear range of 2-2,000 mg.kg-1. The method can be used for routine determination of trace-contamination with bovine milk allergen and the adulteration of high-value caprine dairy products with lower-value bovine milk products, protecting consumer trust and the growing population suffering from food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost L D Nelis
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda L Dawson
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Alisha Anderson
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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14
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Chymosin pretreatment accelerated papain catalysed hydrolysis for decreasing casein antigenicity by exposing the cleavage site at tyrosine residues. Food Chem 2023; 404:134777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Naito M, Matsui T, Ito K, Izumi H. Serine phosphate group in casein phosphopeptide is crucial for IgE binding to αs1-casein. Allergol Int 2023:S1323-8930(23)00004-7. [PMID: 36813678 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Naito
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Allergy and Immunology Center, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan; Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Izumi
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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16
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Huang M, Yang F, Wu Y, Meng X, Shi L, Chen H, Li X. Identification of peptides sequence and conformation contributed to potential allergenicity of main allergens in yogurts. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1038466. [PMID: 36687717 PMCID: PMC9849743 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1038466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yogurts provide a good source of nutrition and may induce tolerance in people with cow's milk allergy (CMA). This study aimed to investigate the IgE-binding capacity of main allergens in the different yogurts which provide a reference for people with a high risk of CMA, and analyze the epitopes of major allergen peptides in yogurt. We assessed the degradation and the allergenic properties of major allergens in six commercial yogurts and fresh milk. The degradation of major allergens was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Western blot and ELISA experiments detected allergenic characteristics by using specific sera. The results showed that β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) and α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4) were obviously degraded in yogurts but caseins were still present in abundance, which indicated that the proteases in yogurts were specific to whey proteins. IgE and IgG binding ability of major allergens were obviously reduced in yogurts, especially GuMi yogurt. In addition, 17 peptides of major allergens in GuMi yogurt were identified by LC-MS/MS and most of them were located in the interior of the spatial structure of proteins. Among them, 8 peptides had specific biological functions for health benefits, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and ACE-inhibitory. We also found that 6 and 14 IgE epitopes of Bos d 5 and caseins were destroyed in GuMi yogurt, which could lead to the reduction of IgE-binding capacity. Meanwhile, peptides [Bos d 5 (AA15-40), Bos d 9 (AA120-151, AA125-151)] also preserved T cell epitopes, which might also induce the development of oral tolerance. Therefore, this study suggested that the sequence and conformation of peptides in yogurts contributed to hypoallergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Sino-German Joint Research Institute (Jiangxi-OAI), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Sino-German Joint Research Institute (Jiangxi-OAI), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linbo Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Sino-German Joint Research Institute (Jiangxi-OAI), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Xin Li,
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17
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Martínez-Botas J, Fernández-Lozano C, Vaquero-Rey A, de la Hoz B. IgE and IgG4 Epitope Mapping of Food Allergens with a Peptide Microarray Immunoassay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2578:219-236. [PMID: 36152291 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2732-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide microarrays are a powerful tool to identify linear epitopes of food allergens in a high-throughput manner. The main advantages of the microarray-based immunoassay are as follows: the possibility to assay thousands of targets simultaneously, the requirement of a low volume of serum, the more robust statistical analysis, and the possibility to test simultaneously several immunoglobulin subclasses. Among them, the last one has a special interest in the field of food allergy, because the development of tolerance to food allergens has been associated with a decrease in IgE and an increase in IgG4 levels against linear epitopes. However, the main limitation to the clinical use of microarray is the automated analysis of the data. Recent studies mapping the linear epitopes of food allergens with peptide microarray immunoassays have identified peptide biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of food allergies and to predict their severity or the self-development of tolerance. Using this approach, we have worked on epitope mapping of the two most important food allergens in the Spanish population, cow's milk, and chicken eggs. The final aim of these studies is to define subsets of peptides that could be used as biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of food allergies. This chapter describes the protocol to produce microarrays using a library of overlapping peptides corresponding to the primary sequences of food allergens and data acquisition and analysis of IgE and IgG4 binding epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) - Instituto de la Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Lozano
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Vaquero-Rey
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de la Hoz
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal - Unidad de Microarray IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Alergia ARADyAL (RD16/0006/0009) - Instituto de la Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Yang J, Kuang H, Xiong X, Li N, Song J. Alteration of the allergenicity of cow's milk proteins using different food processing modifications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4622-4642. [PMID: 36377678 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2144792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an essential source of protein for infants and young children. At the same time, cow's milk is also one of the most common allergenic foods causing food allergies in children. Recently, cow's milk allergy (CMA) has become a common public health issue worldwide. Modern food processing technologies have been developed to reduce the allergenicity of milk proteins and improve the quality of life of patients with CMA. In this review, we summarize the main allergens in cow's milk, and introduce the recent findings on CMA responses. Moreover, the reduced effects and underlying mechanisms of different food processing techniques (such as heating, high pressure, γ-ray irradiation, ultrasound irradiation, hydrolysis, glycosylation, etc.) on the allergenicity of cow's milk proteins, and the application of processed cow's milk in clinical studies, are discussed. In addition, we describe the changes of nutritional value in cow's milk treated by different food processing technologies. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the allergenicity reduction of cow's milk proteins by various food processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
- College of Modern Industry for Nutrition & Health, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Kuang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Liu R, Zhang F, Shi M, Sang Y, Wang X. In vitro selection and optimization of high-affinity aptamer for milk allergen α-lactalbumin and its application in dual-mode detection. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005230. [PMID: 36267907 PMCID: PMC9577226 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most common sources of protein in people’s daily lives, and it is also recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the eight categories of food allergies to human beings. α-lactalbumin (α-La) is the main cause of milk allergy. In this study, a single-stranded DNA aptamer with high binding affinity to α-La were selected using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. Compared with the full-length sequence, the binding affinity of the truncated aptamer LA-1t for α-La was increased six times using fluorescence analysis. Circular dichroism (CD) indicated that the secondary structure of LA-1t contained a typical hairpin structure. Through the docking simulation of LA-1t and α-La, these experimental results were further explained theoretically, and the recognition mechanism was explained. Finally, the colorimetric and fluorescence signal of boron nitride quantum dots anchored to porous CeO2 nanorods (BNQDs/CeO2) were modulated by FAM-labeled LA-1t to achieve highly selective and sensitive determination of α-La. This dual-mode sensing strategy displayed sensitive recognition for α-La in a linear range of 5–4,000 ng/ml with the LOD was 3.32 ng/ml (colorimetry) and 0.71 ng/ml (fluorescence), respectively. Simultaneously, the colorimetry/fluorescence dual-mode sensing strategy was applied for detecting α-La in spiked real samples and demonstrated good stability and reliability.
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20
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Yang F, Ma X, Hu W, Xiong Z, Huang M, Wu Y, Meng X, Wu Z, Yang A, Li X, Chen H. Identification of immunoglobulin E epitopes on major allergens from dairy products after digestion and transportation in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9476-9487. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Kaur S, Huppertz T, Vasiljevic T. Actinidin-induced hydrolysis of milk proteins: Effect on antigenicity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Panaitescu C, Haidar L, Buzan MR, Grijincu M, Spanu DE, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Bumbacea R, Agache IO. Precision medicine in the allergy clinic: the application of component resolved diagnosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:145-162. [PMID: 35078387 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2034501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A precise diagnosis is key for the optimal management of allergic diseases and asthma. In vivo or in vitro diagnostic methods that use allergen extracts often fail to identify the molecules eliciting the allergic reactions. AREAS COVERED Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) has solved most of the limitations of extract-based diagnostic procedures and is currently valuable tool for the precision diagnosis in the allergy clinic, for venom and food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Its implementation in daily practice facilitates: a) the distinction between genuine multiple sensitizations and cross-reactive sensitization in polysensitized patients; b) the prediction of a severe, systemic reaction in food or insect venom allergy; c) the optimal selection of allergen immunotherapy based on the patient sensitization profile. This paper describes its main advantages and disadvantages, cost-effectiveness and future perspectives. EXPERT OPINION The diagnostic strategy based on CRD is part of the new concept of precision immunology, which aims to improve the management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Panaitescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.,Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in The Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, "Pius Brinzeu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Haidar
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
| | - Maria Roxana Buzan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.,Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in The Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, "Pius Brinzeu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Manuela Grijincu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.,Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in The Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, "Pius Brinzeu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Catalina Cojanu
- Transylvania University Brasov - Faculty of Medicine, Brasov
| | | | - Roxana Bumbacea
- Department of Allergy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Gasparini A, Benedé S, Tedeschi T, Sforza S, Recio I, Miralles B. In vitro simulated semi-dynamic gastrointestinal digestion: evaluation of the effects of processing on whey proteins digestibility and allergenicity. Food Funct 2022; 13:1593-1602. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of thermal processing on digestibility of milk proteins should be better understood as this can greatly affect their immunoreactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...
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24
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Abstract
Cow's milk is a highly nutritious biological fluid that provides nourishment and immunity to infants when breastfeeding declines. However, some infants, children, and adults are allergic to cow's milk because milk contains potential allergens in the form of proteins. Casein and whey proteins and their coagulated sub-fractions in the milk such as αS1-casein, αS2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein and α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, respectively are the major etiological determinant of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Moreover, milk processing techniques such as homogenization and pasteurization alter the milk fat and whey protein's molecular structure and serve them as allergens to the immune system of allergic individuals. Strict exclusion of nutrient-rich milk and other dairy products from diet puts children with CMA at higher nutritional risk. Thus, regular nutritional monitoring, the inclusion of protein and mineral-rich supplements as a substitute for cow's milk, management of animal genetics (sheep, goats, buffaloes, camel, mare, donkey, yak), and milk processing to produce non-allergenic milk by inactivating allergic proteins for designer nutrition is essentially required. This review paper details the prevalence, molecular profiling of milk allergens (proteins), body immune response against CMA, consequences of milk processing, treatment, and novel role of galectins as potentially allergy suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mulumebet Worku
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Mayorga C, Palomares F, Cañas JA, Pérez-Sánchez N, Núñez R, Torres MJ, Gómez F. New Insights in Therapy for Food Allergy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051037. [PMID: 34068667 PMCID: PMC8151532 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an increasing problem worldwide, with strict avoidance being classically the only available reliable treatment. The main objective of this review is to cover the latest information about the tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of food allergies. In recent years, many efforts have been made to better understand the humoral and cellular mechanisms involved in food allergy and to improve the strategies for diagnosis and treatment. This review illustrates IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity and provides a current description of the diagnostic strategies and advances in different treatments. Specific immunotherapy, including different routes of administration and new therapeutic approaches, such as hypoallergens and nanoparticles, are discussed in detail. Other treatments, such as biologics and microbiota, are also described. Therefore, we conclude that although important efforts have been made in improving therapies for food allergies, including innovative approaches mainly focusing on efficacy and safety, there is an urgent need to develop a set of basic and clinical results to help in the diagnosis and treatment of food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (F.P.); (J.A.C.); (R.N.)
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (N.P.-S.); (M.J.T.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-951-290-224
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (F.P.); (J.A.C.); (R.N.)
| | - José A. Cañas
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (F.P.); (J.A.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Natalia Pérez-Sánchez
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (N.P.-S.); (M.J.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Rafael Núñez
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain; (F.P.); (J.A.C.); (R.N.)
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (N.P.-S.); (M.J.T.); (F.G.)
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (N.P.-S.); (M.J.T.); (F.G.)
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Naito M, Matsui T, Yamada C, Tagami K, Ito K, Izumi H. Evaluation of cross-reactivity between casein components using inhibition assay and in silico analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:544-551. [PMID: 33140423 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that the specific IgE levels to αs1-casein (CN) and β-CN in patients with cow's milk allergy decreased with similar dynamics during oral immunotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that αs1- and β-CN have strong cross-reactivity among CN components, despite the low similarity in the full-length amino acid sequences. METHODS The αs1-, β-, and κ-CN were purified from commercial cow's milk. We recruited 39 patients with cow's milk allergy, and the serum IgE levels for each CN component were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cross-reactivity between CN components was investigated by competitive ELISA against αs1-CN. Sequence homology between CN components at the peptide level was calculated using in silico analysis and quantified by the property distance (PD) value. RESULTS The αs1-CN-specific IgE levels exhibited a strong positive correlation with the β-CN-specific IgE (r = 0.945, P < .001). Complete competition was observed by β-CN against αs1-CN, suggesting the presence of common epitopes between them. In silico analysis detected 24 peptide sets with PD values lower than 10 between αs1- and β-CN, and 14 sets between αs1- and κ-CN. The amino acid sequences of αs1-CN (E61-E70) and β-CN (I12-E21) that showed the lowest PD value (5.30) were present in the characteristic sequence known as casein phosphopeptide (CPP). CONCLUSION We detected strong cross-reactivity between CN components. Furthermore, we found highly homologous sequences in the CPP region, which contains a core sequence of "SSSEE" with phosphorylated serine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Naito
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Yamada
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tagami
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.,Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Izumi
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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Czolk R, Klueber J, Sørensen M, Wilmes P, Codreanu-Morel F, Skov PS, Hilger C, Bindslev-Jensen C, Ollert M, Kuehn A. IgE-Mediated Peanut Allergy: Current and Novel Predictive Biomarkers for Clinical Phenotypes Using Multi-Omics Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594350. [PMID: 33584660 PMCID: PMC7876438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a collective term for several immune-mediated responses to food. IgE-mediated food allergy is the best-known subtype. The patients present with a marked diversity of clinical profiles including symptomatic manifestations, threshold reactivity and reaction kinetics. In-vitro predictors of these clinical phenotypes are evasive and considered as knowledge gaps in food allergy diagnosis and risk management. Peanut allergy is a relevant disease model where pioneer discoveries were made in diagnosis, immunotherapy and prevention. This review provides an overview on the immune basis for phenotype variations in peanut-allergic individuals, in the light of future patient stratification along emerging omic-areas. Beyond specific IgE-signatures and basophil reactivity profiles with established correlation to clinical outcome, allergenomics, mass spectrometric resolution of peripheral allergen tracing, might be a fundamental approach to understand disease pathophysiology underlying biomarker discovery. Deep immune phenotyping is thought to reveal differential cell responses but also, gene expression and gene methylation profiles (eg, peanut severity genes) are promising areas for biomarker research. Finally, the study of microbiome-host interactions with a focus on the immune system modulation might hold the key to understand tissue-specific responses and symptoms. The immune mechanism underlying acute food-allergic events remains elusive until today. Deciphering this immunological response shall enable to identify novel biomarker for stratification of patients into reaction endotypes. The availability of powerful multi-omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis, network-based approaches and unbiased machine learning holds out the prospect of providing clinically useful biomarkers or biomarker signatures being predictive for reaction phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Julia Klueber
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Sørensen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Françoise Codreanu-Morel
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Kanner Klinik, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Per Stahl Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- RefLab ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Ogrodowczyk AM, Dimitrov I, Wróblewska B. Two Faces of Milk Proteins Peptides with Both Allergenic and Multidimensional Health Beneficial Impact- Integrated In Vitro/ In Silico Approach. Foods 2021; 10:163. [PMID: 33466712 PMCID: PMC7828788 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main food-origin antigens that the infant's body is in contact with are cow's milk proteins (CMP). Still, CMP are one of the main sources of beneficial biologically active peptides that play a role in treatment of non-communicable diseases. Safe methods to quickly predict the sensitizing potential of food proteins among their range of health-promoting properties are essential. The aim of study was to adapt an integrated approach combining several in silico (IS) studies and in vitro (IV) assays to screen the multifunctionality of CMP-derived peptides. Major histocompatability complex type II MHC II-binders, interleukin-4 and -10 inducers, interferon γ -inducers and immunobioactivity tools were used to predict the peptide-power of inducing allergies or tolerance. A comparison of the peptide profiless revealed the presence of one identical and one overlapping sequence in IS and IV hydrolysate. By IS analysis, four of 24 peptides were found to have high affinity and stimulate IL-4 expression, and by IV, one of seven peptides had this potential (Bos d9 peptide DIPNPIGSENSEK (195-208)). Three IV peptides may induce IL-10 expression. The IV/IS assessment seems promising agents for peptides' potential determination dedicated only to preliminary screening of peptides. The IV verification is still crucial in further steps of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Breiteneder H, Peng Y, Agache I, Diamant Z, Eiwegger T, Fokkens WJ, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Nadeau K, O'Hehir RE, O'Mahony L, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Wang D, Zhang L, Akdis CA. Biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses in allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:3039-3068. [PMID: 32893900 PMCID: PMC7756301 DOI: 10.1111/all.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern health care requires a proactive and individualized response to diseases, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Accordingly, the approach to patients with allergic diseases encompasses novel developments in the area of personalized medicine, disease phenotyping and endotyping, and the development and application of reliable biomarkers. A detailed clinical history and physical examination followed by the detection of IgE immunoreactivity against specific allergens still represents the state of the art. However, nowadays, further emphasis focuses on the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic standards and a large number of studies have been investigating the biomarkers of allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Various biomarkers have been developed by omics technologies, some of which lead to a better classification of distinct phenotypes or endotypes. The introduction of biologicals to clinical practice increases the need for biomarkers for patient selection, prediction of outcomes and monitoring, to allow for an adequate choice of the duration of these costly and long‐lasting therapies. Escalating healthcare costs together with questions about the efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases require further development of a biomarker‐driven approach. Here, we review biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, viral infections, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, drug hypersensitivity and allergen immunotherapy with a special emphasis on specific IgE, the microbiome and the epithelial barrier. In addition, EAACI guidelines on biologicals are discussed within the perspective of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ya‐Qi Peng
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
- CK CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ioana Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology Institute for Clinical Science Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Departments of Paediatrics and Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Wytske J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- CK CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & Health Technical University of Munich Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Robyn E. O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, immunology and Respiratory Medicine Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service Alfred Health Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Unit Regional University Hospital of Malaga‐IBIMA‐UMA‐ARADyAL Malaga Spain
| | - De‐Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy Beijing TongRen Hospital Beijing China
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
- CK CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
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Ji D, Ma J, Xu M, Agyei D. Cell-envelope proteinases from lactic acid bacteria: Biochemical features and biotechnological applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:369-400. [PMID: 33443792 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteins displayed on the cell surface of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) perform diverse and important biochemical roles. Among these, the cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) are one of the most widely studied and most exploited for biotechnological applications. CEPs are important players in the proteolytic system of LAB, because they are required by LAB to degrade proteins in the growth media into peptides and/or amino acids required for the nitrogen nutrition of LAB. The most important area of application of CEPs is therefore in protein hydrolysis, especially in dairy products. Also, the physical location of CEPs (i.e., being cell-envelope anchored) allows for relatively easy downstream processing (e.g., extraction) of CEPs. This review describes the biochemical features and organization of CEPs and how this fits them for the purpose of protein hydrolysis. It begins with a focus on the genetic organization and expression of CEPs. The catalytic behavior and cleavage specificities of CEPs from various LAB are also discussed. Following this, the extraction and purification of most CEPs reported to date is described. The industrial applications of CEPs in food technology, health promotion, as well as in the growing area of water purification are discussed. Techniques for improving the production and catalytic efficiency of CEPs are also given an important place in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ji
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jingying Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Distinct Animal Food Allergens Form IgE-Binding Amyloids. ALLERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several animal food allergens assemble into amyloids under gastric-like environments. These aggregated structures provide Gad m 1 with an enhanced immunoglobulin E (IgE) interaction due to the fibrillation of the epitope regions. However, whether these properties are unique to Gad m 1 or shared by other food allergens has not yet been addressed. Using Bos d 5, Bos d 12 and Gal d 2 as allergen models and Gad m 1 as the control, aggregation reactions and the sera of milk, egg and fish allergic patients have been analyzed, assessing the IgE interactions of their amyloids. We found that amyloids formed by Bos d 12 and Gal d 2 full-length and truncated chains are recognized by the IgEs of milk and egg allergic patient sera. As with Gad m 1, in most cases amyloid recognition is higher than that of the native structure. Bos d 5 was not recognized under any fold by the IgE of the sera studied. These results suggest that the formation of IgE-binding amyloids could be a common feature to animal food allergens.
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Evaluating the potential allergenicity of dietary proteins using model strong to non-allergenic proteins in germ-free mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111398. [PMID: 32437892 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently no validated animal model is predictive of human responses in ranking purified dietary proteins in the prevalence or potency of food allergy in humans. Since the gastrointestinal microbiota is thought to influence oral tolerance, we hypothesize that a germ-free mouse model will more accurately predict atopic human responses than conventional mice. Germ-free C3H/HeN mice were immunized with 60 μg Ara h 2, BLG, or LOX by three weekly intraperitoneal (IP) injections with alum adjuvant. One week following the final immunization an IP challenge of 500 μg of Ara h 2, BLG, or LOX was administered. Thirty minutes post-challenge clinical scores were graded and body temperatures recorded. The presence of protein-specific IgE and mast cell protease concentrations in mouse sera were determined using ELISA. Upon challenge germ-free mice sensitized with Ara h 2 and BLG exhibited significantly more severe clinical scores compared to germ-free mice immunized with LOX. Hypothermic responses in challenged mice differed between the three proteins post-challenge. Results indicate that this model can differentiate between potent and non-allergens based on temperature drop, clinical scores, and biomarkers. Additional proteins with known human exposure and allergenicity are needed to confirm the predictive accuracy.
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Li J, Li Z, Kong D, Li S, Yu Y, Li H. IgE and IgG4 responses to shrimp allergen tropomyosin and its epitopes in patients from coastal areas of northern China. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:371-379. [PMID: 32319635 PMCID: PMC7248481 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to allergens and their peptides varies among patients due to geographical or ethnic differences. The present study aimed to investigate immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG4 responses to tropomyosin and its peptides in shrimp allergic patients from northern China. A total of 92 subjects were studied, including 35 shrimp allergic patients, 29 patients with house dust mite (HDM) and/or cockroach allergic patients and 28 healthy volunteers. Serum IgE and IgG4 antibodies to recombinant shrimp tropomyosin (rPen a 1) and its peptides were measured by means of a light-initiated chemiluminescent assay. A total of 9 major sequential epitopes of Pen a 1 reported in the literature were synthesized. Of 35 shrimp allergic patients, 25 (71.4%) had positive Pen 1-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies and 22 (62.9%) contained measurable rPen a 1-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) antibodies. A strong IgG4 response accompanied the presence of IgE to Pen a 1. None of the patients with HDM and/or cockroach allergy demonstrated IgE reactivity to rPen a 1. The reaction frequency of IgE binding epitope was 20–48%, while that of IgG4 binding epitope was 63.6–3.9%. The IgE and IgG4 recognition patterns of the tropomyosin peptides demonstrated high interpatient heterogeneity. Diversity of IgE binding epitopes was positively correlated with Pen a 1 sIgE levels. In the study population, tropomyosin was a major allergen recognized by the majority of shrimp allergic patients, which is consistent with previous reports. However, none of the 9 epitopes are major (reaction frequency >50%) IgE-binding regions, indicating the epitopes profile may be different in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpu Li
- The Clinical Laboratory of Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Port Hospital, Tianjin 300456, P.R. China
| | - Shaoshen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
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Huang H, Luo W, Wei N, Liang X, Zheng P, Hu H, Sun B. Distribution characteristics of cow's milk-sIgE components in children with respiratory allergic diseases in southern China. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:88. [PMID: 32093634 PMCID: PMC7038540 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cow’s milk (CM) is the main food allergen for toddlers and infants. Presently, studies on CM specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) sensitization and positive distribution of CM components ALA-, CAS-, and BLG-sIgE are lacking in infants with respiratory allergic diseases, especially in southern China. This study therefore aimed to investigate the distribution of CM sensitization and the relation between its components α-lactalbumin (ALA), β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and casein (CAS) sIgE in children with respiratory allergic diseases in southern China. Methods A total of 1839 children (≤12 years) with respiratory diseases and detected CM-sIgE levels were included. Serum samples were collected from the Respiratory Diseases Bioresources Center of the National Center for Respiratory Diseases in southern China from August 2012 to July 2017. ALA-, BLG-, and CAS-sIgE were detected and questionnaires were completed in 103 children. Results A total of 36.7% children were positive for CM-sIgE. CM-sIgE levels were higher in asthmatic bronchitis (AB) group than in other allergic respiratory disease groups (all P < 0.05). Among the 103 CM-sIgE-sensitized children, 64.08% had a history of family allergies. There were 84.47% of the children who tested positive for two or more sIgE components. The average ALA-, BLG-, and CAS-sIgE levels were 1.91 kU/L, 1.81 kU/L, and 0.62 kU/L, respectively. The CM-sIgE level showed a correlation with BLG-sIgE (rs = 0.833), ALA-sIgE (rs = 0.816), and CAS-sIgE (rs = 0.573) levels (all p < 0.001). Conclusions In southern China, CM-sIgE levels were higher in children with AB than in those with other respiratory allergic diseases. ALA and BLG were the main allergenic components detected in CM-sIgE-sensitized children with respiratory allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Nili Wei
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqing Liang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Haisheng Hu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Sackesen C, Erman B, Gimenez G, Grishina G, Yilmaz O, Yavuz ST, Sahiner UM, Buyuktiryaki B, Yilmaz EA, Cavkaytar O, Sampson HA. IgE and IgG4 binding to lentil epitopes in children with red and green lentil allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:158-166. [PMID: 31598994 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of lentil is common in the Mediterranean area and is one of the causes of IgE-mediated food allergy in many countries. Len c 1 is a well-defined allergen of lentil and approximately 80% of the patients with lentil allergy recognize the purified Len c 1 protein. We sought to identify IgE and IgG4 sequential epitopes of Len c 1 in patients with red and/or green lentil allergy. We also aimed to determine IgE and IgG4 binding differences between those patients who had outgrown or remained reactive to lentil. METHODS Children with IgE-mediated lentil allergy were included in the study. We applied a microarray immunoassay to determine the characterization of positive IgE and IgG4 binding to Len c 1 epitopes in the patients' sera. RESULTS The peptides specifically recognized by IgE and IgG4 antibodies were mainly detected between peptides 107 and 135 of Len c 1. The signal intensities of positive epitopes were significantly greater in reactive patients than tolerant ones (P = .008 for IgE and P = .002 for IgG4). Moreover, IgE and IgG4 antibodies bound largely the same sequential epitopes in patients who remained reactive or outgrew their allergy. CONCLUSION IgG4-binding epitopes in lentil allergy were identified and IgE and IgG4 binding to epitopes in both red and green lentils was compared. Our data regarding signal intensity differences between reactive and outgrown patients and overlap binding of IgE and IgG4 antibodies may be important for the development of more accurate diagnostic tests and understanding of natural tolerance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansin Sackesen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baran Erman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gustavo Gimenez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Galina Grishina
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ozlem Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman T Yavuz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit M Sahiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru A Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cavkaytar
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Sánchez-Ruano L, de la Hoz B, Martínez-Botas J. Clinical utility of microarray B-cell epitope mapping in food allergies: A systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:175-185. [PMID: 31655013 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide microarray technology has been proposed as a useful tool for diagnosing food allergy. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the clinical methods and analytical procedures used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic performance. We performed a systematic review of studies that have used B-cell epitopes by peptide microarray in food allergies to identify the clinical utility of this immunologic technique. METHODS Studies were screened in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase according to an established keyword algorithm. Data extraction was performed, and information was collected in an Excel database. Descriptive analysis was carried out using Stata software. RESULTS Thirty relevant studies were identified. Most articles were cross-sectional (n = 24), included epitope mapping (n = 9), and assessed diagnostic utility (n = 11). All studies recruited allergic patients, and some included additional patients (sensitized, persistent, and tolerant). The primary microarray variables studied were IgE intensity (n = 29), IgG4 intensity (n = 15), and number of peptides (n = 17). Statistical approaches differed significantly between studies, with the Wilcoxon test being the most frequently used (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to particular epitopes of milk, peanut, and shrimp allergens can be used to determine clinical reactivity, persistence, severity, or response to oral immunotherapy; however, important methodological questions need to be addressed before drawing definitive conclusions. More research is needed to address the accuracy and clinical benefits of microarray-based technology. Standards are required to improve consistency and reproducibility, and to allow for better understanding of research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Ruano
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de la Hoz
- Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Network RD16/0006/0009, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ansotegui IJ, Melioli G, Canonica GW, Caraballo L, Villa E, Ebisawa M, Passalacqua G, Savi E, Ebo D, Gómez RM, Luengo Sánchez O, Oppenheimer JJ, Jensen-Jarolim E, Fischer DA, Haahtela T, Antila M, Bousquet JJ, Cardona V, Chiang WC, Demoly PM, DuBuske LM, Ferrer Puga M, Gerth van Wijk R, González Díaz SN, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Jares E, Kalpaklioğlu AF, Kase Tanno L, Kowalski ML, Ledford DK, Monge Ortega OP, Morais Almeida M, Pfaar O, Poulsen LK, Pawankar R, Renz HE, Romano AG, Rosário Filho NA, Rosenwasser L, Sánchez Borges MA, Scala E, Senna GE, Sisul JC, Tang ML, Thong BYH, Valenta R, Wood RA, Zuberbier T. IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100080. [PMID: 32128023 PMCID: PMC7044795 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, testing for immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization is the cornerstone of diagnostic evaluation in suspected allergic conditions. This review provides a thorough and updated critical appraisal of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, both in vivo and in vitro. It discusses skin tests, challenges, and serological and cellular in vitro tests, and provides an overview of indications, advantages and disadvantages of each in conditions such as respiratory, food, venom, drug, and occupational allergy. Skin prick testing remains the first line approach in most instances; the added value of serum specific IgE to whole allergen extracts or components, as well as the role of basophil activation tests, is evaluated. Unproven, non-validated, diagnostic tests are also discussed. Throughout the review, the reader must bear in mind the relevance of differentiating between sensitization and allergy; the latter entails not only allergic sensitization, but also clinically relevant symptoms triggered by the culprit allergen.
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Key Words
- AAAAI, American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology
- ABA, Allergen Bead Array
- ACAAI, American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology
- AEC, Allergen Exposure Chambers
- AIT, allergen immunotherapy
- AP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- AU/mL, Allergenic Units milliLiter
- Allergy
- Anti-IgE, Antibody against IgE
- BAT, Basophil Activation Test
- BAU/mL, Biologic Allergenic Units milliLiter
- CBA, Cytometric Bead Array
- CCD, Cross-reactive Carbohydrate Determinants
- CDER, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (USA)
- CL, Chemiluminescence
- CaFE, Calibrated Fluorescence Enhancement
- DBPCFC, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge
- Diagnostic strategies
- EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Immunology
- EIA, Enzyme Immune Assay
- ELISA, Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Analysis
- EMEA, European MEdicine Agencies
- ENPP-3, EctoNucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 3
- FACS, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
- FEIA, Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassays
- FcεRI, High affinity IgE receptor
- H1, Histamine 1 receptor
- H2, Histamine 2 receptor
- HPO, Horseradish Peroxidase
- IDT, Intradermal Test
- ISAC, Immuno-Solid phase Allergen Chip
- IUIS, International Union of Immunological Societies
- IVD, in vitro diagnostic tool
- IgE
- IgE, immunoglobulin E
- In vitro tests
- LAMP-3, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein
- MBAD, Molecule Based Allergy Diagnostics
- MRGPRX2, Mas-related G protein receptor 2
- NIH, National Institutes of Health (USA)
- NMBAs, NeuroMuscular Blocking Agents
- NPA, Negative Percent Agreement
- NSAIDs, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
- PPA, Positive Percent Agreement
- PPT, Prick-Prick Test
- RAST, Radio Allergo Sorbent Test
- SCAR, severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions
- SPT, Skin prick test
- Skin tests
- kUA/L, kilo Units of Allergen/Liter for allergen-specific IgE antibody assays
- mAb, Monoclonal Antibody
- pNPP, p-Nitrophenylphosphate
- sIgE, specific IgE
- w/v, weight /volume
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Melioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Elisa Villa
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Vercelli, S.C. Pneumologia, Vercelli, Italia
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Didier Ebo
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Department Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Olga Luengo Sánchez
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David A. Fischer
- Fischer Medicine Professional Corporation, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jean J. Bousquet
- MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium
- CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Sección de Alergología, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wen Chin Chiang
- Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Chiang Children's Allergy & Asthma Clinic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pascal M. Demoly
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Marta Ferrer Puga
- The Unidad de Educación Médica, Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Clinica Universitad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Lab for Allergology, Allergy Clinic, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Nippon Medical School, Dept. of Otolaryngology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harald E. Renz
- University Hospital GI & MR GmbH, Institute of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Standort Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Lanny Rosenwasser
- University of Missouri at Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Enrico Scala
- Experimental Allergy Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Mimi L.K. Tang
- Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Allergy & Immunology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Deptartment of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert A. Wood
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Campus Charite Mitte, Klinik fur Dermatologie & Allergologie, Berlin, Germany
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Abd El-Salam MH, El-Shibiny S. Reduction of Milk Protein Antigenicity by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation. A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1701010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Novel Bead-Based Epitope Assay is a sensitive and reliable tool for profiling epitope-specific antibody repertoire in food allergy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18425. [PMID: 31804555 PMCID: PMC6895130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of allergenic IgE epitopes is instrumental for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods in food allergy. In this work, we present the quantification and validation of a Bead-Based Epitope Assay (BBEA) that through multiplexing of epitopes and multiple sample processing enables completion of large experiments in a short period of time, using minimal quantities of patients’ blood. Peptides that are uniquely coupled to beads are incubated with serum or plasma samples, and after a secondary fluorophore-labeled antibody is added, the level of fluorescence is quantified with a Luminex reader. The signal is then normalized and converted to epitope-specific antibody binding values. We show that the effect of technical artifacts, i.e. well position or reading order, is minimal; and batch effects - different individual microplate runs - can be easily estimated and eliminated from the data. Epitope-specific antibody binding quantified with BBEA is highly reliable, reproducible and has greater sensitivity of epitope detection compared to peptide microarrays. IgE directed at allergenic epitopes is a sensitive biomarker of food allergy and can be used to predict allergy severity and phenotypes; and quantification of the relationship between epitope-specific IgE and IgG4 can further improve our understanding of the immune mechanisms behind allergic sensitization.
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Eiwegger T, Hung L, San Diego KE, O'Mahony L, Upton J. Recent developments and highlights in food allergy. Allergy 2019; 74:2355-2367. [PMID: 31593325 DOI: 10.1111/all.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of long-lasting, safe treatments for food allergy is dependent on the understanding of the immunological basis of food allergy. Accurate diagnosis is essential for management. In recent years, data from oral food challenges have revealed that routine allergy testing is poor at predicting clinical allergy for tree nuts, almonds in particular. More advanced antigen-based tests including component-resolved diagnostics and epitope reactivity may lead to more accurate diagnosis and selection of therapeutic intervention. Additional diagnostic accuracy may come from cellular tests such as the basophil activation test or mast cell approaches. In the context of clinical trials, cellular tests have revealed specific T-cell and B-cell populations that are more abundant in food-allergic individuals with distinct mechanistic features. Awareness of clinical markers, such as the ability to eat baked forms of milk and egg, continues to inform the understanding of natural tolerance development. Mouse models have allowed for investigation into multiple mechanisms of food allergy including modification of epithelial metabolism, and the induction of regulatory cell subsets and the microbiome. Increasing numbers of children who underwent food immunotherapy enlarged the body of evidence on mechanisms and predictors of treatment success. Experimental immunological markers in conjunction with clinical determinants such as lower age and lower initial specific IgE appear to be of benefit. More research on the optimal dose, preparation, and route of application integrating a high-level safety and efficacy is demanded. Alternatively, biologics blocking TSLP, IL-33, IL-4 and IL-13, or IgE may help to achieve that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Departments of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lisa Hung
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Julia Upton
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Departments of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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Dąbrowska A, Bajzert J, Babij K, Szołtysik M, Stefaniak T, Willak-Janc E, Chrzanowska J. Reduced IgE and IgG antigenic response to milk proteins hydrolysates obtained with the use of non-commercial serine protease from Yarrowia lipolytica. Food Chem 2019; 302:125350. [PMID: 31415999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the use of serine protease from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast for reduction of milk proteins allergenicity. Whey protein concentrate (WPC-80), αs-casein and their hydrolysates were analyzed for the capacity to bind IgE and IgG antibodies present in sera from patients with cow milk protein allergy using a competitive ELISA. The hydrolysis of αs-casein and whey protein concentrate contributed to a significant reduction of their immunoreactive epitopes. In case of IgE antibodies, the lowest binding capacity was detected in the 24 h hydrolysates of both proteins in which the inhibition of the reaction was ≤20 and ≤68% for αs-casein and whey protein concentrate respectively. One hour hydrolysis of WPC-80 reduced the protein antigenicity, while the longer time (5 h) might lead to the exposure of new IgE - reactive epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dąbrowska
- Dept. of Animal Product Technology and Quality Management, Wrocław Uniwersity of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bajzert
- Dept. of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław Uniwersity of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida Str. 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Konrad Babij
- Dept. of Animal Product Technology and Quality Management, Wrocław Uniwersity of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Szołtysik
- Dept. of Animal Product Technology and Quality Management, Wrocław Uniwersity of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Dept. of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław Uniwersity of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida Str. 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Willak-Janc
- 1st Institute and Clinic of Pediatric Allergology and Cardiology, Wrocław Medical University, Hoene-Wrońskiego Str. 13c, 50-376 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Józefa Chrzanowska
- Dept. of Animal Product Technology and Quality Management, Wrocław Uniwersity of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland.
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Linhart B, Freidl R, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, Karaulov A, Valenta R. Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention of Cow´s Milk Allergy. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1492. [PMID: 31261965 PMCID: PMC6683018 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow´s milk is one of the most important and basic nutrients introduced early in life in our diet but can induce IgE-associated allergy. IgE-associated allergy to cow´s milk can cause severe allergic manifestations in the gut, skin and even in the respiratory tract and may lead to life-threatening anaphylactic shock due to the stability of certain cow´s milk allergens. Here, we provide an overview about the allergen molecules in cow´s milk and the advantages of the molecular diagnosis of IgE sensitization to cow´s milk by serology. In addition, we review current strategies for prevention and treatment of cow´s milk allergy and discuss how they could be improved in the future by innovative molecular approaches that are based on defined recombinant allergens, recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives and synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raphaela Freidl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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43
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Naito M, Yamada C, Izumi H. Composition of Cow’s Milk Proteins with Processing. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.66.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Naito
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Chikako Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Hidehiko Izumi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
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Saxena R, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Effect of thermal and microwave processing on secondary structure of bovine β-lactoglobulin: A molecular modeling study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12898. [PMID: 31353721 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Milk allergy is known to cause severe allergic reactions in hypersensitive patients, especially in infants and children. β-Lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens in bovine milk. The influence of thermal and microwave processing on the structural deviations of β-lactoglobulin protein have been studied using molecular modeling techniques. The structural deviations are studied using root mean square deviations, radius of gyration, dipole moment, and solvent accessible surface area. STRIDE analysis showed significant changes in the β-lactoglobulin, especially when oscillating electric fields were applied along with heat. Root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) has been assessed for known epitopes in the β-lactoglobulin molecule. This showed that when the protein is exposed to certain thermal stress, it compacts by burying hydrophobic residues in the core. However, few allergic epitope residues also exhibit increased RMSF leading to higher reactive sites on the surface of the protein molecule. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed that molecular modeling can be used to gain valuable insights regarding the structural changes during processing. In the future, with more computational capacity, it can be used to make comparison between results obtained from simulations and real-time experiments. The current techniques used in food industries such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction can analyze pre- and post-processing effects. Hence, it become necessary to understand the changes that takes place during the processing techniques. Molecular dynamic simulation could be a useful technique in analyzing the changes occurring during the processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Saxena
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kurimoto M, Shimizu K, Ochi H, Abe F, Honda H. Pep-MS assay: Protease hydrolysis assay system using photo-cleavable peptide array and mass spectrometer. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:156-161. [PMID: 30862433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Food processing technology such as protein hydrolysis using proteases has been receiving a lot of attention, and it is important to accurately understand the cleavage specificity of each protease for selecting a protease suited to aims. Although numerous methods have been reported to reveal the substrate specificity of proteases, there is no method to evaluate simply, quickly, reasonably, and accurately. This study set out to devise Pep-MS assay, a novel assay system that can be used to comprehensively clarify positions at which proteases cleave, by combining a mass spectrometer and a photo-cleavable peptide array. First, we evaluated peptide array corresponding to the primary sequences of αS1-casein, αS2-casein and β-casein with trypsin to verify the accuracy of the Pep-MS assay. The evaluation of cleavage positions by the trypsin protease reagent using the Pep-MS assay resulted in a matching rate of about 96.8% to rational cleavage positions. Next, we confirmed the cleavage positions in αS2-casein or β-lactoglobulin by an industrial bacterial protease from Bacillus subtilis at some protease reaction temperatures or reaction times. The Pep-MS assay clarified the differences in the cleavage patterns due to the reaction temperature, and the change in the cleavage strength with the reaction time. Pep-MS assay is a promising method for evaluating the substrate specificity of proteases, which will be useful to find effective production conditions for functional peptide from foods and effective hydrolysis conditions for decreasing allergen of food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kurimoto
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ochi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Innovative Research Center for Preventative Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Sackesen C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Silva R, Lin J, Schmidt S, Getts R, Gimenez G, Yilmaz EA, Cavkaytar O, Buyuktiryaki B, Soyer O, Grishina G, Sampson HA. A new Luminex-based peptide assay to identify reactivity to baked, fermented, and whole milk. Allergy 2019; 74:327-336. [PMID: 30058196 DOI: 10.1111/all.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) tolerate baked milk. However, reactivity to fermented milk products such as yogurt/cheese has not been previously evaluated. We sought to determine whether children with CMA could tolerate yogurt/cheese and whether a patient's IgE and IgG4-binding pattern to milk protein epitopes could distinguish clinical reactivity. METHODS Four groups of reactivity were identified by Oral food challenge: baked milk reactive, fermented milk reactive, whole milk reactive, and outgrown. sIgE and sIgG4 binding to milk protein epitopes were assessed with a novel Luminex-based peptide assay (LPA). Using machine learning techniques, a model was developed to predict different degrees of CMA. RESULTS The baked milk reactive patients demonstrated the highest degree of IgE epitope binding, which was followed sequentially by fermented milk reactive, whole milk reactive, and outgrown. Data were randomly divided into two groups with 75% of the data utilized for model development (n = 68) and 25% for testing (n = 21). All 68 children used for training were correctly classified with models using IgE and IgG4 epitopes. The average cross-validation accuracy was much higher for models using IgE plus IgG4 epitopes by LPA (84.8%), twice the performance of the serum component proteins assayed by UniCAP (41.9%). The performance of the model on "unseen data" was tested using the 21 withheld patients, and the accuracy of IgE was 86% (AUC = 0.89) while of IgE+IgG4 model was 81% (AUC = 0.94). CONCLUSION Using a novel high-throughput LPA, we were able to distinguish the diversity of IgE/IgG4 binding to epitopes in the varying CMA phenotypes. LPA is a promising tool to predict correctly different degrees of CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansin Sackesen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Koc University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Center for Biostatistics; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Ronaldo Silva
- Center for Biostatistics; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Jing Lin
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
- Institute of High Performance Computing; A*STAR; Singapore City Singapore
| | | | - Robert Getts
- Genisphere LLC; Hatfield Pennsylvania
- AllerGenis LLC; Hatfield Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Gimenez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Ebru A. Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cavkaytar
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ozge Soyer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Galina Grishina
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Hugh A. Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
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47
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Suárez-Fariñas M, Suprun M, Chang HL, Gimenez G, Grishina G, Getts R, Nadeau K, Wood RA, Sampson HA. Predicting development of sustained unresponsiveness to milk oral immunotherapy using epitope-specific antibody binding profiles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1038-1046. [PMID: 30528770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a recent trial of milk oral immunotherapy (MOIT) with or without omalizumab in 55 patients with milk allergy treated for 28 months, 44 of 55 subjects passed a 10-g desensitization milk protein challenge; 23 of 55 subjects passed the 10-g sustained unresponsiveness (SU) challenge 8 weeks after discontinuing MOIT. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether IgE and IgG4 antibody binding to allergenic milk protein epitopes changes with MOIT and whether this could predict the development of SU. METHODS By using a novel high-throughput Luminex-based assay to quantitate IgE and IgG4 antibody binding to 66 sequential epitopes on 5 milk proteins, serum samples from 47 subjects were evaluated before and after MOIT. Machine learning strategies were used to predict whether a subject would have SU after 8 weeks of MOIT discontinuation. RESULTS MOIT profoundly altered IgE and IgG4 binding to epitopes, regardless of treatment outcome. At the initiation of MOIT, subjects achieving SU exhibited significantly less antibody binding to 40 allergenic epitopes than subjects who were desensitized only (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05 and fold change > 1.5). Based on baseline epitope-specific antibody binding, we developed predictive models of SU. Using simulations, we show that, on average, IgE-binding epitopes alone perform significantly better than models using standard serum component proteins (average area under the curve, >97% vs 80%). The optimum model using 6 IgE-binding epitopes achieved a 95% area under the curve and 87% accuracy. CONCLUSION Despite the relatively small sample size, we have shown that by measuring the epitope repertoire, we can build reliable models to predict the probability of SU after MOIT. Baseline epitope profiles appear more predictive of MOIT response than those based on serum component proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Maria Suprun
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Helena L Chang
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gustavo Gimenez
- Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Galina Grishina
- Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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48
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Ehlers AM, Blankestijn MA, Knulst AC, Klinge M, Otten HG. Can alternative epitope mapping approaches increase the impact of B-cell epitopes in food allergy diagnostics? Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:17-26. [PMID: 30294841 PMCID: PMC7380004 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro allergy diagnostics are currently based on the detection of specific IgE binding on intact allergens or a mixture thereof. This approach has drawbacks as it may yield false‐negative and/or false‐positive results. Thus, we reviewed the impact of known B‐cell epitopes of food allergens to predict transience or persistence, tolerance or allergy and the severity of an allergic reaction and to examine new epitope mapping strategies meant to improve serum‐based allergy diagnostics. Recent epitope mapping approaches have been worthwhile in epitope identification and may increase the specificity of allergy diagnostics by using epitopes predominately recognized by allergic patients in some cases. However, these approaches did not lead to discrimination between clinically relevant and irrelevant epitopes so far, since the polyclonal serum IgE‐binding epitope spectrum seems to be too individual, independent of the disease status of the patients. New epitope mapping strategies are necessary to overcome these obstacles. The use of patient‐derived monoclonal antibodies instead of patient sera for functional characterization of clinically relevant and irrelevant epitope combinations, distinguished by their ability to induce degranulation, might be a promising approach to gain more insight into the allergic reaction and to improve serum‐based allergy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ehlers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Blankestijn
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andre C Knulst
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Golkar A, Milani JM, Vasiljevic T. Altering allergenicity of cow's milk by food processing for applications in infant formula. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:159-172. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1363156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkhalegh Golkar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar M. Milani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Todor Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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50
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Deschildre A, Lejeune S, Cap M, Flammarion S, Jouannic L, Amat F, Just J. Food allergy phenotypes: The key to personalized therapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 47:1125-1137. [PMID: 28710890 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies (FAs) are of increasing public health concern and are characterized by a large spectrum of diseases. Their diversity is well known for immunologic pathways (IgE, non-IgE-mediated FAs) and natural history. Many other factors and patient characteristics are involved including type of food, exposure route, allergic comorbidities, gender, racial and ethnic backgrounds, cofactors and health conditions. Food allergen components and sensitization profiles are also involved in FA phenotypes. A new approach to chronic disorders based on the identification of phenotypes through extensive knowledge of all the complex components is also applicable to FAs and could lead towards integrative care management. Diagnostic biomarkers for FAs are emerging which also contribute to better care modalities. The aim of this article was to highlight current knowledge regarding the phenotypic diversity of FA. This review will focus on IgE-mediated FAs and how identifying phenotypes may help to better understand the pathophysiological complexity, improve diagnosis and lead to personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deschildre
- CHU Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy unit, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - S Lejeune
- CHU Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy unit, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - M Cap
- CHU Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy unit, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - S Flammarion
- CHU Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy unit, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - L Jouannic
- Nutrition Department, CHU Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - F Amat
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 - Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - J Just
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 - Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
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