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Urnikyte A, Masiulyte A, Pranckeniene L, Kučinskas V. Disentangling archaic introgression and genomic signatures of selection at human immunity genes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105528. [PMID: 37977419 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and infectious diseases have imposed exceptionally strong selective pressure on ancient and modern human genomes and contributed to the current variation in many genes. There is evidence that modern humans acquired immune variants through interbreeding with ancient hominins, but the impact of such variants on human traits is not fully understood. The main objectives of this research were to infer the genetic signatures of positive selection that may be involved in adaptation to infectious diseases and to investigate the function of Neanderthal alleles identified within a set of 50 Lithuanian genomes. Introgressed regions were identified using the machine learning tool ArchIE. Recent positive selection signatures were analysed using iHS. We detected high-scoring signals of positive selection at innate immunity genes (EMB, PARP8, HLAC, and CDSN) and evaluated their interactions with the structural proteins of pathogens. Interactions with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were identified. Overall, genomic regions introgressed from Neanderthals were shown to be enriched in genes related to immunity, keratinocyte differentiation, and sensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Urnikyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.
| | - Abigaile Masiulyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Laura Pranckeniene
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.
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Szalus K, Zysk W, Gleń J, Zabłotna M, Nowicki RJ, Trzeciak M. The Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the COL3A1, COL6A5, and COL8A1 Genes with Atopic Dermatitis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040661. [PMID: 37109047 PMCID: PMC10146150 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Genes encoding collagens, the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM), may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of AD. Our study aimed to estimate the associations between Col3A1/rs1800255, Col6A5 /29rs12488457, and Col8A1/rs13081855 polymorphisms and the occurrence, course, and features of AD in the Polish population. Blood samples were collected from 157 patients with AD and 111 healthy volunteers. The genotype distribution of the investigated collagens genes did not differ significantly between the AD and control subjects (p > 0.05). The AA genotype of Col3A1/rs1800255 was significantly associated with the occurrence of mild SCORAD (OR = 0.16; 95% Cl: 0.03-0.78; p = 0.02) and mild pruritus (OR = 18.5; 95% Cl: 3.48-98.40; p = 0.0006), while the GG genotype was significantly associated with severe SCORAD (OR = 6.6; 95% Cl: 1.23-32.35; p = 0.03). Regarding Col6A5/29rs12488457 polymorphism, the average SCORAD score was significantly lower in the group of patients with genotype AA than in patients with the AC genotype (39.8 vs. 53.4; p = 0.04). Nevertheless, both average SCORAD scores were high, and represent the moderate and severe grades of the diseases, respectively. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COL3A1/ rs1800255 and Col6A5/29rs12488457 seem to be associated with AD courses and symptoms, suggesting new disease biomarkers. The modulation of collagens, the major component of the ECM, may serve as a therapeutic target of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szalus
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Zysk
- Dermatological Students Scientific Association, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Zabłotna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman J Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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He H, Suryawanshi H, Morozov P, Gay-Mimbrera J, Del Duca E, Kim HJ, Kameyama N, Estrada Y, Der E, Krueger JG, Ruano J, Tuschl T, Guttman-Yassky E. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human skin identifies novel fibroblast subpopulation and enrichment of immune subsets in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1615-1628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Urnikyte A, Flores-Bello A, Mondal M, Molyte A, Comas D, Calafell F, Bosch E, Kučinskas V. Patterns of genetic structure and adaptive positive selection in the Lithuanian population from high-density SNP data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9163. [PMID: 31235771 PMCID: PMC6591479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of geographically specific regions and the characterization of fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity may facilitate a much better understanding of the microevolutionary processes affecting local human populations. Here we generated genome-wide high-density SNP genotype data in 425 individuals from six geographical regions in Lithuania and combined our dataset with available ancient and modern data to explore genetic population structure, ancestry components and signatures of natural positive selection in the Lithuanian population. Our results show that Lithuanians are a homogenous population, genetically differentiated from neighbouring populations but within the general expected European context. Moreover, we not only confirm that Lithuanians preserve one of the highest proportions of western, Scandinavian and eastern hunter-gather ancestry components found in European populations but also that of an steppe Early to Middle Bronze Age pastoralists, which together configure the genetic distinctiveness of the Lithuanian population. Finally, among the top signatures of positive selection detected in Lithuanians, we identified several candidate genes related with diet (PNLIP, PPARD), pigmentation (SLC24A5, TYRP1 and PPARD) and the immune response (BRD2, HLA-DOA, IL26 and IL22).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urnikyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Flores-Bello
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Mondal
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Molyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D Comas
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Calafell
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Bosch
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - V Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Atopic Eczema: Genetic Analysis of COL6A5, COL8A1, and COL10A1 in Mediterranean Populations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3457898. [PMID: 31275967 PMCID: PMC6582825 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3457898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, the genes associated with susceptibility to Atopic Eczema (AE) are mainly implicated in immunity, inflammation, and maintenance of skin barrier. Little is known about the possible relationship between genes modulating Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) and AE etiopathogenesis. In this regard, the primary objective of the present study has been the investigation of susceptibility biomarkers localized within genes encoding collagen proteins. Several studies have shown that polymorphisms within the genes encoding such proteins may generate abnormal connective tissues, making them more susceptible to mechanical stress, loss of epidermal integrity, and aging. We therefore decided to investigate three polymorphisms located in COL6A5, COL8A1, and COL10A1 as potential susceptibility biomarkers for AE in a cohort of 1470 subjects of Mediterranean origin. The genes of interest have been selected considering that the ECM and immune/inflammatory response are strongly dysregulated in AE and other complex disorders. The study confirmed that the susceptibility to AE depends on a complex interaction between latitude, geographical localization, and the differential distribution of genetic variants among populations exposed to similar environmental factors.
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Martinelli-Boneschi F, Colombi M, Castori M, Devigili G, Eleopra R, Malik RA, Ritelli M, Zoppi N, Dordoni C, Sorosina M, Grammatico P, Fadavi H, Gerrits MM, Almomani R, Faber CG, Merkies ISJ, Toniolo D, Cocca M, Doglioni C, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD, Taiana MM, Sassone J, Lombardi R, Cazzato D, Zauli A, Santoro S, Marchi M, Lauria G. COL6A5 variants in familial neuropathic chronic itch. Brain 2017; 140:555-567. [PMID: 28073787 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch is thought to represent the peculiar response to stimuli conveyed by somatosensory pathways shared with pain through the activation of specific neurons and receptors. It can occur in association with dermatological, systemic and neurological diseases, or be the side effect of certain drugs. However, some patients suffer from chronic idiopathic itch that is frequently ascribed to psychological distress and for which no biomarker is available to date. We investigated three multigenerational families, one of which diagnosed with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (JHS/EDS-HT), characterized by idiopathic chronic itch with predominantly proximal distribution. Skin biopsy was performed in all eight affected members and revealed in six of them reduced intraepidermal nerve fibre density consistent with small fibre neuropathy. Whole exome sequencing identified two COL6A5 rare variants co-segregating with chronic itch in eight affected members and absent in non-affected members, and in one unrelated sporadic patient with type 1 painless diabetic neuropathy and chronic itch. Two families and the diabetic patient carried the nonsense c.6814G>T (p.Glu2272*) variant and another family carried the missense c.6486G>C (p.Arg2162Ser) variant. Both variants were predicted as likely pathogenic by in silico analyses. The two variants were rare (minor allele frequency < 0.1%) in 6271 healthy controls and absent in 77 small fibre neuropathy and 167 JHS/EDS-HT patients without itch. Null-allele test on cDNA from patients' fibroblasts of both families carrying the nonsense variant demonstrated functional haploinsufficiency due to activation of nonsense mediated RNA decay. Immunofluorescence microscopy and western blotting revealed marked disorganization and reduced COL6A5 synthesis, respectively. Indirect immunofluorescence showed reduced COL6A5 expression in the skin of patients carrying the nonsense variant. Treatment with gabapentinoids provided satisfactory itch relief in the patients carrying the mutations. Our findings first revealed an association between COL6A5 gene and familiar chronic itch, suggesting a new contributor to the pathogenesis of neuropathic itch and identifying a new candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Devigili
- Neurological Unit, University-Hospital "S. Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Neurological Unit, University-Hospital "S. Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Institute of Human Development, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melissa Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Hassan Fadavi
- Institute of Human Development, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Monique M Gerrits
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rowida Almomani
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G Faber
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingemar S J Merkies
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06515, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06515, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Michela M Taiana
- Neuroalgology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Neuroalgology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Neuroalgology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cazzato
- Neuroalgology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zauli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Santoro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Marchi
- Neuroalgology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Neuroalgology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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Marenholz I, Esparza-Gordillo J, Lee YA. The genetics of the skin barrier in eczema and other allergic disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 15:426-34. [PMID: 26226353 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarize current knowledge on the genetic determinants of skin barrier deficiency in relation to eczema and disease progression to other allergic manifestations. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing evidence that impairment of epidermal barrier function is not only a risk factor for the development of eczema but also for disease progression to allergic airway disease and food allergy. Support comes from recent association studies linking genetic variants in epidermal genes with eczema and food allergy, from monogenic diseases with severe skin barrier defects which display multiple allergic manifestations, and from mouse models providing a mechanism from skin inflammation to allergic reactions in the lung and intestine. SUMMARY The key role of the skin barrier defect in the development of eczema and eczema-associated allergic diseases may have important implications for prevention and treatment strategies. Initial clinical trials with moisturizing creams revealed promising results for the prevention of eczema in early infancy. Their long-term effects will be critical to demonstrate the potential benefit of barrier repair therapy in allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Marenholz
- Pediatric Allergology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work
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Unravelling the complex genetic background of atopic dermatitis: from genetic association results towards novel therapeutic strategies. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:659-70. [PMID: 25693656 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease arising from complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. As the starting point of the so-called "atopic march", e.g. the progression towards allergic asthma in some but not all affected children, AD has come into focus for potential disease-modifying strategies. To elucidate the genetic factors influencing AD development, linkage, association as well as genome-wide association studies have been performed over the last two decades. The results suggest that besides variation in immune-mediated pathways, an intact skin barrier function plays a key role in AD development. Mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin, a major structural protein in the epidermis, have been consistently associated with AD, especially the early-onset persistent form of disease, and are regarded as the most significant known risk factor for AD development to date. Additionally, variation in some other genes involved in skin integrity and barrier function have shown association with AD. However, the known genetic risk factors can only explain a small part of the heritability at the moment. Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing studies have not been reported yet, but will probably soon evaluate the influence of rare variations for AD development. Additionally, large multi-centre studies comprehensively incorporating gene-gene and gene-environment interactions as well as epigenetic mechanisms might further elucidate the genetic factors underlying AD pathogenesis and, thus, open the way for a more individualized treatment in the future.
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Namjou B, Keddache M, Marsolo K, Wagner M, Lingren T, Cobb B, Perry C, Kennebeck S, Holm IA, Li R, Crimmins NA, Martin L, Solti I, Kohane IS, Harley JB. EMR-linked GWAS study: investigation of variation landscape of loci for body mass index in children. Front Genet 2013; 4:268. [PMID: 24348519 PMCID: PMC3847941 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Common variations at the loci harboring the fat mass and obesity gene (FTO), MC4R, and TMEM18 are consistently reported as being associated with obesity and body mass index (BMI) especially in adult population. In order to confirm this effect in pediatric population five European ancestry cohorts from pediatric eMERGE-II network (CCHMC-BCH) were evaluated. METHOD Data on 5049 samples of European ancestry were obtained from the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of two large academic centers in five different genotyped cohorts. For all available samples, gender, age, height, and weight were collected and BMI was calculated. To account for age and sex differences in BMI, BMI z-scores were generated using 2000 Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with BMI z-score. After removing missing data and outliers based on principal components (PC) analyses, 2860 samples were used for the GWAS study. The association between each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and BMI was tested using linear regression adjusting for age, gender, and PC by cohort. The effects of SNPs were modeled assuming additive, recessive, and dominant effects of the minor allele. Meta-analysis was conducted using a weighted z-score approach. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 9.8 years (range 2-19). The proportion of male subjects was 56%. In these cohorts, 14% of samples had a BMI ≥95 and 28 ≥ 85%. Meta analyses produced a signal at 16q12 genomic region with the best result of p = 1.43 × 10(-) (7) [p (rec) = 7.34 × 10(-) (8)) for the SNP rs8050136 at the first intron of FTO gene (z = 5.26) and with no heterogeneity between cohorts (p = 0.77). Under a recessive model, another published SNP at this locus, rs1421085, generates the best result [z = 5.782, p (rec) = 8.21 × 10(-) (9)]. Imputation in this region using dense 1000-Genome and Hapmap CEU samples revealed 71 SNPs with p < 10(-) (6), all at the first intron of FTO locus. When hetero-geneity was permitted between cohorts, signals were also obtained in other previously identified loci, including MC4R (rs12964056, p = 6.87 × 10(-) (7), z = -4.98), cholecystokinin CCK (rs8192472, p = 1.33 × 10(-) (6), z = -4.85), Interleukin 15 (rs2099884, p = 1.27 × 10(-) (5), z = 4.34), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B [LRP1B (rs7583748, p = 0.00013, z = -3.81)] and near transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) (rs7561317, p = 0.001, z = -3.17). We also detected a novel locus at chromosome 3 at COL6A5 [best SNP = rs1542829, minor allele frequency (MAF) of 5% p = 4.35 × 10(-) (9), z = 5.89]. CONCLUSION An EMR linked cohort study demonstrates that the BMI-Z measurements can be successfully extracted and linked to genomic data with meaningful confirmatory results. We verified the high prevalence of childhood rate of overweight and obesity in our cohort (28%). In addition, our data indicate that genetic variants in the first intron of FTO, a known adult genetic risk factor for BMI, are also robustly associated with BMI in pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mehdi Keddache
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA ; School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith Marsolo
- School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Beth Cobb
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cassandra Perry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Kennebeck
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA ; School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rongling Li
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy A Crimmins
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA ; School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Martin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA ; School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Imre Solti
- School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Isaac S Kohane
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital Informatics Program Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA ; School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Rule-based models of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in childhood allergy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80080. [PMID: 24260339 PMCID: PMC3833974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors are important for the development of allergic diseases. However, a detailed understanding of how such factors act together is lacking. To elucidate the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in allergic diseases, we used a novel bioinformatics approach that combines feature selection and machine learning. In two materials, PARSIFAL (a European cross-sectional study of 3113 children) and BAMSE (a Swedish birth-cohort including 2033 children), genetic variants as well as environmental and lifestyle factors were evaluated for their contribution to allergic phenotypes. Monte Carlo feature selection and rule based models were used to identify and rank rules describing how combinations of genetic and environmental factors affect the risk of allergic diseases. Novel interactions between genes were suggested and replicated, such as between ORMDL3 and RORA, where certain genotype combinations gave odds ratios for current asthma of 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.6) and 3.2 (95% CI 2.0-5.0) in the BAMSE and PARSIFAL children, respectively. Several combinations of environmental factors appeared to be important for the development of allergic disease in children. For example, use of baby formula and antibiotics early in life was associated with an odds ratio of 7.4 (95% CI 4.5-12.0) of developing asthma. Furthermore, genetic variants together with environmental factors seemed to play a role for allergic diseases, such as the use of antibiotics early in life and COL29A1 variants for asthma, and farm living and NPSR1 variants for allergic eczema. Overall, combinations of environmental and life style factors appeared more frequently in the models than combinations solely involving genes. In conclusion, a new bioinformatics approach is described for analyzing complex data, including extensive genetic and environmental information. Interactions identified with this approach could provide useful hints for further in-depth studies of etiological mechanisms and may also strengthen the basis for risk assessment and prevention.
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Sicherer SH, Leung DYM. Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2011. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:76-85. [PMID: 22196526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the research advances in anaphylaxis; hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects; and allergic skin diseases that were reported in the Journal in 2011. Food allergy appears to be increasing in prevalence and carries a strong economic burden. Risk factors can include dietary ones, such as deficiency of vitamin D and timing of complementary foods, and genetic factors, such as filaggrin loss-of-function mutations. Novel mechanisms underlying food allergy include the role of invariant natural killer T cells and influences of dietary components, such as isoflavones. Among numerous preclinical and clinical treatment studies, promising observations include the efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy, a Chinese herbal remedy showing promising in vitro results, the potential immunotherapeutic effects of having children ingest foods with baked-in milk if they tolerate it, and the use of anti-IgE with or without concomitant immunotherapy. Studies of allergic skin diseases, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity to drugs and insect venom are elucidating cellular mechanisms, improved diagnostics, and potential targets for future treatment. The role of skin barrier abnormalities, as well as the modulatory effects of the innate and adaptive immune responses, are major areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Sicherer
- Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial disease, with a strong genetic predisposition. Genome-wide studies as well as candidate gene studies revealed several susceptibility loci. Since the observation of a strong association of "loss of function" mutations in the filaggrin gene with AD, the epidermal barrier was rediscovered as important pathophysiological co-factor of this disease.
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Gara SK, Grumati P, Squarzoni S, Sabatelli P, Urciuolo A, Bonaldo P, Paulsson M, Wagener R. Differential and restricted expression of novel collagen VI chains in mouse. Matrix Biol 2011; 30:248-57. [PMID: 21477648 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, three novel collagen VI chains, α4, α5 and α6, were identified. These are thought to substitute for the collagen VI α3 chain, probably forming α1α2α4, α1α2α5 or α1α2α6 heterotrimers. The expression pattern of the novel chains is so far largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the tissue distribution of the novel collagen VI chains in mouse with that of the α3 chain by immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblots. In contrast to the widely expressed α3 chain, the novel chains show a highly differential, restricted and often complementary expression. The α4 chain is strongly expressed in the intestinal smooth muscle, surrounding the follicles in ovary, and in testis. The α5 chain is present in perimysium and at the neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle, in skin, in the kidney glomerulus, in the interfollicular stroma in ovary and in the tunica albuginea of testis. The α6 chain is most abundant in the endomysium and perimysium of skeletal muscle and in myocard. Immunoelectron microscopy of skeletal muscle localized the α6 chain to the reticular lamina of muscle fibers. The highly differential and restricted expression points to the possibility of tissue-specific roles of the novel chains in collagen VI assembly and function.
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