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Liccardi G, Calzetta L, Baldi G, Berra A, Billeri L, Caminati M, Capano P, Carpentieri E, Ciccarelli A, Crivellaro MA, Cutajar M, D'Amato M, Folletti I, Gani F, Gargano D, Giannattasio D, Giovannini M, Lombardi C, Schiavo ML, Madonna F, Maniscalco M, Meriggi A, Micucci C, Milanese M, Montera C, Paolocci G, Parente R, Pedicini A, Pio R, Puggioni F, Russo M, Salzillo A, Scavalli P, Scichilone N, Sposato B, Stanziola A, Steinhilber G, Vatrella A, Rogliani P, Passalacqua G. Allergic sensitization to common pets (cats/dogs) according to different possible modalities of exposure: an Italian Multicenter Study. Clin Mol Allergy 2018. [PMID: 29434523 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0081-z.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The query "are there animals at home?" is usually administered for collecting information on anamnesis. This modality to consider exposure to pet allergens constitutes a potential bias in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate/quantify different modalities of exposure to cat/dog in inducing allergic sensitization. Methods Thirty Italian Allergy units participated in this study. Each centre was required to collect the data of at least 20 consecutive outpatients sensitized to cat/dog allergens. A standardized form reported all demographic data and a particular attention was paid in relieving possible modalities of exposure to cat/dog. Results A total 723 patients sensitized to cat/dog were recorded, 359 (49.65%) reported direct pet contact, 213 patients (29.46%) were pet owners, and 146 subjects (20.19%) were exposed to pets in other settings. Other patients were sensitized by previous pet ownership (150-20.75%) or indirect contact (103-14.25%), in 111 subjects (15.35%) any contact was reported. Conclusions Only 213 patients (29.46%) would be classified as "exposed to animals" and 510 (70.54%) as "not exposed" according to usual query. Our classification has shown that many "not-exposed" subjects (399-55.19%) were "really exposed". The magnitude of exposure to pet allergens at home is not related exclusively to pet ownership. These considerations should be taken into account during the planning of epidemiological studies and in clinical practice for the management of pet allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liccardi
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.,2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Calzetta
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Baldi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASL (District 66), Salerno, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Respiratory Allergy Unit, G. Da Procida Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - L Billeri
- 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Caminati
- 7Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Verona University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - P Capano
- Unit of Pulmonary Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Ospedale "Santa Maria Della Speranza", Battipaglia, Salerno Italy
| | - E Carpentieri
- Division of Pneumology, "Santa Maria Novella" Hospital, Galatina, Lecce Italy
| | - A Ciccarelli
- Allergy Unit, Loreto Crispi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Crivellaro
- 11Unit of Allergy and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Cutajar
- Allergy Center, Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Penisola Sorrentina, Sorrento, Naples, Italy
| | - M D'Amato
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Folletti
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Gani
- Allergy Unit, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - D Gargano
- 16Allergy Unit, High Speciality "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - D Giannattasio
- Respiratory Physiopathology and Allergy, High Speciality Center, "Mauro Scarlato" Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Giovannini
- Pulmonary Diseases Department, Mirandola Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - C Lombardi
- 19Departmental Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Lo Schiavo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Madonna
- Allergy Unit, ASL (Sanitary District n°12), Caserta, Italy
| | - M Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri, Telese Terme, Benevento Italy
| | - A Meriggi
- 23Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione "Salvatore Maugeri", Institut of Research and Care, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Micucci
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology Hospital "Carlo Urbani", Jesi, Ancona Italy
| | - M Milanese
- 25Division of Pneumology, S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Savona Italy
| | - C Montera
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Paolocci
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Parente
- 26Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Pedicini
- 27Division of Internal Medicine and Allergy, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - R Pio
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Puggioni
- Respiratory Diseases Department-IRCCS Humanitas Research and Clinical Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Russo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Salzillo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - P Scavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Physiopathology, Allergy and Occupational Medicine, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - N Scichilone
- 30Biomedical Department of Specialistic and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - B Sposato
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Misericordia", Grosseto, Italy
| | - A Stanziola
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - G Steinhilber
- 32Division of Pneumology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Vatrella
- 33Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - P Rogliani
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Passalacqua
- 34Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Liccardi G, Calzetta L, Baldi G, Berra A, Billeri L, Caminati M, Capano P, Carpentieri E, Ciccarelli A, Crivellaro MA, Cutajar M, D'Amato M, Folletti I, Gani F, Gargano D, Giannattasio D, Giovannini M, Lombardi C, Schiavo ML, Madonna F, Maniscalco M, Meriggi A, Micucci C, Milanese M, Montera C, Paolocci G, Parente R, Pedicini A, Pio R, Puggioni F, Russo M, Salzillo A, Scavalli P, Scichilone N, Sposato B, Stanziola A, Steinhilber G, Vatrella A, Rogliani P, Passalacqua G. Allergic sensitization to common pets (cats/dogs) according to different possible modalities of exposure: an Italian Multicenter Study. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 29434523 PMCID: PMC5796344 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The query “are there animals at home?” is usually administered for collecting information on anamnesis. This modality to consider exposure to pet allergens constitutes a potential bias in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate/quantify different modalities of exposure to cat/dog in inducing allergic sensitization. Methods Thirty Italian Allergy units participated in this study. Each centre was required to collect the data of at least 20 consecutive outpatients sensitized to cat/dog allergens. A standardized form reported all demographic data and a particular attention was paid in relieving possible modalities of exposure to cat/dog. Results A total 723 patients sensitized to cat/dog were recorded, 359 (49.65%) reported direct pet contact, 213 patients (29.46%) were pet owners, and 146 subjects (20.19%) were exposed to pets in other settings. Other patients were sensitized by previous pet ownership (150–20.75%) or indirect contact (103–14.25%), in 111 subjects (15.35%) any contact was reported. Conclusions Only 213 patients (29.46%) would be classified as “exposed to animals” and 510 (70.54%) as “not exposed” according to usual query. Our classification has shown that many “not-exposed” subjects (399–55.19%) were “really exposed”. The magnitude of exposure to pet allergens at home is not related exclusively to pet ownership. These considerations should be taken into account during the planning of epidemiological studies and in clinical practice for the management of pet allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liccardi
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.,2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Calzetta
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Baldi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASL (District 66), Salerno, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Respiratory Allergy Unit, G. Da Procida Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - L Billeri
- 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Caminati
- 7Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Verona University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - P Capano
- Unit of Pulmonary Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Ospedale "Santa Maria Della Speranza", Battipaglia, Salerno Italy
| | - E Carpentieri
- Division of Pneumology, "Santa Maria Novella" Hospital, Galatina, Lecce Italy
| | - A Ciccarelli
- Allergy Unit, Loreto Crispi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Crivellaro
- 11Unit of Allergy and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Cutajar
- Allergy Center, Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Penisola Sorrentina, Sorrento, Naples, Italy
| | - M D'Amato
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Folletti
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Gani
- Allergy Unit, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - D Gargano
- 16Allergy Unit, High Speciality "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - D Giannattasio
- Respiratory Physiopathology and Allergy, High Speciality Center, "Mauro Scarlato" Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Giovannini
- Pulmonary Diseases Department, Mirandola Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - C Lombardi
- 19Departmental Unit of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Lo Schiavo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Madonna
- Allergy Unit, ASL (Sanitary District n°12), Caserta, Italy
| | - M Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri, Telese Terme, Benevento Italy
| | - A Meriggi
- 23Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione "Salvatore Maugeri", Institut of Research and Care, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Micucci
- Division of Pneumology and Allergology Hospital "Carlo Urbani", Jesi, Ancona Italy
| | - M Milanese
- 25Division of Pneumology, S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Savona Italy
| | - C Montera
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Paolocci
- 14Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, Terni Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Parente
- 26Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Pedicini
- 27Division of Internal Medicine and Allergy, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - R Pio
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, "G. Fucito" Hospital, S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - F Puggioni
- Respiratory Diseases Department-IRCCS Humanitas Research and Clinical Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Russo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Salzillo
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Haematology and Oncology. Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Speciality "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - P Scavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Physiopathology, Allergy and Occupational Medicine, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - N Scichilone
- 30Biomedical Department of Specialistic and Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - B Sposato
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Misericordia", Grosseto, Italy
| | - A Stanziola
- 13Department of Respiratory Disease, "Federico II" University - AO "Dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - G Steinhilber
- 32Division of Pneumology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Vatrella
- 33Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - P Rogliani
- 2Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,3Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Passalacqua
- 34Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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