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Goncalves P, Doisne JM, Eri T, Charbit B, Bondet V, Posseme C, Llibre A, Casrouge A, Lenoir C, Neven B, Duffy D, Fischer A, Di Santo JP. Defects in mucosal immunity and nasopharyngeal dysbiosis in HSC-transplanted SCID patients with IL2RG/JAK3 deficiency. Blood 2022; 139:2585-2600. [PMID: 35157765 PMCID: PMC11022929 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both innate and adaptive lymphocytes have critical roles in mucosal defense that contain commensal microbial communities and protect against pathogen invasion. Here we characterize mucosal immunity in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with or without myeloablation. We confirmed that pretransplant conditioning had an impact on innate (natural killer and innate lymphoid cells) and adaptive (B and T cells) lymphocyte reconstitution in these patients with SCID and now show that this further extends to generation of T helper 2 and type 2 cytotoxic T cells. Using an integrated approach to assess nasopharyngeal immunity, we identified a local mucosal defect in type 2 cytokines, mucus production, and a selective local immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency in HSCT-treated SCID patients with genetic defects in IL2RG/GC or JAK3. These patients have a reduction in IgA-coated nasopharyngeal bacteria and exhibit microbial dysbiosis with increased pathobiont carriage. Interestingly, intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy can partially normalize nasopharyngeal immunoglobulin profiles and restore microbial communities in GC/JAK3 patients. Together, our results suggest a potential nonredundant role for type 2 immunity and/or of local IgA antibody production in the maintenance of nasopharyngeal microbial homeostasis and mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Goncalves
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Toshiki Eri
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Center for Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Celine Posseme
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Alba Llibre
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institut, Université de Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - The Milieu Intérieur Consortium
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Center for Translational Science, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institut, Université de Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
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The impact of the Th17:Treg axis on the IgA-Biome across the glycemic spectrum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258812. [PMID: 34669745 PMCID: PMC8528330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is released into mucosal surfaces where its function extends beyond that of host defense to include the shaping of resident microbial communities by mediating exclusion/inclusion of respective microbes and regulating bacterial gene expression. In this capacity, SIgA acts as the fulcrum on which host immunity and the health of the microbiota are balanced. We recently completed an analysis of the gut and salivary IgA-Biomes (16S rDNA sequencing of SIgA-coated/uncoated bacteria) in Mexican-American adults that identified IgA-Biome differences across the glycemic spectrum. As Th17:Treg ratio imbalances are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes, the present study extends our prior work by examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (pro-inflammatory:anti-inflammatory T-cell ratios) and the SIgA response (Th17:Treg-SIgA axis) in shaping microbial communities. Examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (determined by epigenetic qPCR lymphocyte subset quantification) on the IgA-Biome across diabetes phenotypes identified a proportional relationship between Th17:Treg ratios and alpha diversity in the stool IgA-Biome of those with dysglycemia, significant changes in community composition of the stool and salivary microbiomes across glycemic profiles, and genera preferentially abundant by T-cell inflammatory phenotype. This is the first study to associate epigenetically quantified Th17:Treg ratios with both the larger and SIgA-fractionated microbiome, assess these associations in the context of a chronic inflammatory disease, and offers a novel frame through which to evaluate mucosal microbiomes in the context of host responses and inflammation.
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Abstract
IgA mediates microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosa. Within the gut, IgA acts in a context-dependent manner to both prevent and promote bacterial colonization and to influence bacterial gene expression, thus providing exquisite control of the microbiota. IgA-microbiota interactions are highly diverse across individuals and populations, yet the factors driving this variation remain poorly understood. In this Review, we summarize evidence for the host, bacterial and environmental factors that influence IgA-microbiota interactions. Recent advances have helped to clarify the antigenic specificity and immune selection of intestinal IgA and have highlighted the importance of microbial glycan recognition. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that diet and nutrition play an important role in shaping IgA recognition of the microbiota. IgA-microbiota interactions are disrupted during both overnutrition and undernutrition and may be altered dynamically in response to diet, with potential implications for host health. We situate this research in the context of outstanding questions and future directions in order to better understand the fascinating paradigm of IgA-microbiota homeostasis.
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