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Jaber N, Billet S. How to use an in vitro approach to characterize the toxicity of airborne compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105718. [PMID: 37871865 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
As part of the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs), numerous in vitro methods are being developed to characterize the potential toxicity of inhalable xenobiotics (gases, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particulate matter, nanoparticles). However, the materials and methods employed are extremely diverse, and no single method is currently in use. Method standardization and validation would raise trust in the results and enable them to be compared. This four-part review lists and compares biological models and exposure methodologies before describing measurable biomarkers of exposure or effect. The first section emphasizes the importance of developing alternative methods to reduce, if not replace, animal testing (3R principle). The biological models presented are mostly to cultures of epithelial cells from the respiratory system, as the lungs are the first organ to come into contact with air pollutants. Monocultures or cocultures of primary cells or cell lines, as well as 3D organotypic cultures such as organoids, spheroids and reconstituted tissues, but also the organ(s) model on a chip are examples. The exposure methods for these biological models applicable to airborne compounds are submerged, intermittent, continuous either static or dynamic. Finally, within the restrictions of these models (i.e. relative tiny quantities, adhering cells), the mechanisms of toxicity and the phenotypic markers most commonly examined in models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Jaber
- UR4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- UR4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France.
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Zhong B, Sun S, Tan KS, Ong HH, Du J, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu S, Ba L, Li J, Wang DY, Liu J. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to regulate epithelial differentiation in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1444-1459.e14. [PMID: 37777019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an upper airway inflammation disease associated with hypoxia-mediated inflammation. The effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of sinonasal mucosa is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect and mechanism of HIF-1α on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). METHODS We measured the expression levels of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome in nasal biopsy samples and hNECs derived from negative controls (healthy) and patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps, then further analyzed the specific mechanism of HIF-1α regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its effect on hNEC differentiation. RESULTS Increased mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome were found in all CRS biopsy samples. HIF-1α enhanced expression of phosphorylated NLRP3 (S295) in both HEK293T cells and hNECs; it also promoted recruitment of caspase-1 and apoptotic speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (aka ASC) by NLRP3. HIF-1α also improved NLRP3's stability by preventing NLRP3 degradation caused by hypoxia-mediated inflammation. In addition, HIF-1α could also increase expression of Mucin5AC and decrease expression of α-tubulin by promoting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hNECs. In addition, HIF-1α could also directly promote P63 expression in hNECs. CONCLUSION HIF-1α could potentially induce cilia loss and enhance the proliferation of goblet cells, possibly mediated by the regulation of NLRP3 phosphorylation in CRS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jintao Du
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Yazici D, Ogulur I, Kucukkase O, Li M, Rinaldi AO, Pat Y, Wallimann A, Wawrocki S, Sozener ZC, Buyuktiryaki B, Sackesen C, Akdis M, Mitamura Y, Akdis C. Epithelial barrier hypothesis and the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-022-5033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xie Y, Zhang H, Huang T. Quantitative proteomics reveal three potential biomarkers for risk assessment of acute myocardial infarction. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4939-4950. [PMID: 35156527 PMCID: PMC8973584 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the one of the main cause of death worldwide. Exosomes carry important information about intercellular communication and could be diagnostic marker for many diseases. Here, we aimed to find potential key proteins for the early diagnosis of AMI. A label free proteomics strategy was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of AMI patients’ plasma exosome. By bioinformatics analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to validate the candidate proteins. Compared to healthy control plasma exosome, we totally identified 72 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in AMI patients. Also, we found that complement and coagulation cascades was activated by KEGG analysis and GSEA. PLG, C8B and F2 were selected as candidate molecules for further study, and then validated another 40 plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, we found that the expression levels of these three proteins (PLG, C8B and F2) were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (P < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that PLG, C8B and F2 had potential value for AMI early diagnosis. In conclusion, our study identified three potential biomarkers for AMI diagnosis. But there remains a need to further study the mechanism of the biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tieqiu Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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