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Qian C, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xiao H, Lin Z, Wu M, Xia W, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00180-2. [PMID: 38710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (AA), one of the most ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), provides fluidity to mammalian cell membranes. It is derived from linoleic acid (LA) and can be transformed into various bioactive metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), lipoxins (LXs), hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), leukotrienes (LTs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by different pathways. All these processes are involved in AA metabolism. Currently, in the context of an increasingly visible aging world population, several scholars have revealed the essential role of AA metabolism in osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many other aging diseases. AIM OF REVIEW Although there are some reviews describing the role of AA in some specific diseases, there seems to be no or little information on the role of AA metabolism in aging tissues or organs. This review scrutinizes and highlights the role of AA metabolism in aging and provides a new idea for strategies for treating aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As a member of lipid metabolism, AA metabolism regulates the important lipids that interfere with the aging in several ways. We present a comprehensivereviewofthe role ofAA metabolism in aging, with the aim of relieving the extreme suffering of families and the heavy economic burden on society caused by age-related diseases. We also collected and summarized data on anti-aging therapies associated with AA metabolism, with the expectation of identifying a novel and efficient way to protect against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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Pauls SD, Du Y, Clair L, Winter T, Aukema HM, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Impact of Age, Menopause, and Obesity on Oxylipins Linked to Vascular Health. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:883-897. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, exhibits sexual dimorphism since the onset of cardiovascular disease occurs later in women than in men. The loss of cardioprotection in older women may be due to an increase in arterial stiffness after menopause. Free fatty acid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, called oxylipins, are known to impact vessel function and may be responsible for the vascular benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to compare the plasma oxylipin profiles of young females (20–55 years), older females (55
+
), and older males (55
+
) and to identify associations between oxylipins and cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and arterial stiffness.
Approach and Results:
We quantified plasma oxylipins by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived samples taken from completed clinical trials. We identified 3 major 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, that are present at high levels in young females compared with older females and males. These oxylipins also decreased with obesity and displayed robust negative associations with arterial stiffness as assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. According to multiple linear regression modeling, these associations were maintained even after correcting for body mass index category combined with either age, menopausal status, or estradiol levels. Using linear discriminant analysis, the combination of these 3 oxylipins effectively distinguished participants according to both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity risk group and age.
Conclusions:
Higher 12-lipoxygenase oxylipin plasma concentrations associated with lower arterial stiffness in premenopausal females may be an important contributing factor to sex differences in cardiovascular disease.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT01661543, NCT01562171, NCT01890330, NCT02571114 and NCT02317588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D. Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Youjia Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Luc Clair
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
- Department of Economics, University of Winnipeg, Canada (L.C.)
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
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Nelson JR, Raskin S. The eicosapentaenoic acid:arachidonic acid ratio and its clinical utility in cardiovascular disease. Postgrad Med 2019; 131:268-277. [PMID: 31063407 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1607414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a key anti-inflammatory/anti-aggregatory long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. Conversely, the omega-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor to a number of pro-inflammatory/pro-aggregatory mediators. EPA acts competitively with AA for the key cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes to form less inflammatory products. As a result, the EPA:AA ratio may be a marker of chronic inflammation, with a lower ratio corresponding to higher levels of inflammation. It is now well established that inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. This review examines the role of the EPA:AA ratio as a marker of cardiovascular disease and the relationship between changes in the ratio (mediated by EPA intake) and changes in cardiovascular risk. Epidemiological studies have shown that a lower EPA:AA ratio is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular disease. Increasing the EPA:AA ratio through treatment with purified EPA has been shown in clinical studies to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease and reduces the risk of cardiovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention. The EPA:AA ratio is a valuable predictor of cardiovascular risk. Results from ongoing clinical trials will help to define thresholds for EPA treatment associated with better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Nelson
- a California Cardiovascular Institute , Fresno , CA , USA
| | - S Raskin
- b Lipid Clinic , Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation , Oakland , CA , USA
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