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Pan-Lizcano R, Mariñas-Pardo L, Núñez L, Rebollal-Leal F, López-Vázquez D, Pereira A, Molina-Nieto A, Calviño R, Vázquez-Rodríguez JM, Hermida-Prieto M. Rare Variants in Genes of the Cholesterol Pathway Are Present in 60% of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416127. [PMID: 36555767 PMCID: PMC9786046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a pandemic in which conventional risk factors are inadequate to detect who is at risk early in the asymptomatic stage. Although gene variants in genes related to cholesterol, which may increase the risk of AMI, have been identified, no studies have systematically screened the genes involved in this pathway. In this study, we included 105 patients diagnosed with AMI with an elevation of the ST segment (STEMI) and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Using next-generation sequencing, we examined the presence of rare variants in 40 genes proposed to be involved in lipid metabolism and we found that 60% of AMI patients had a rare variant in the genes involved in the cholesterol pathway. Our data show the importance of considering the wide scope of the cholesterol pathway in order to assess the genetic risk related to AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pan-Lizcano
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Mariñas-Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, GRINCAR Research Group, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-178-150
| | - Fernando Rebollal-Leal
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Domingo López-Vázquez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Pereira
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Molina-Nieto
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Calviño
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hermida-Prieto
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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5
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Dijk W, Di Filippo M, Kooijman S, van Eenige R, Rimbert A, Caillaud A, Thedrez A, Arnaud L, Pronk A, Garçon D, Sotin T, Lindenbaum P, Ozcariz Garcia E, Pais de Barros JP, Duvillard L, Si-Tayeb K, Amigo N, Le Questel JY, Rensen PC, Le May C, Moulin P, Cariou B. Identification of a Gain-of-Function LIPC Variant as a Novel Cause of Familial Combined Hypocholesterolemia. Circulation 2022; 146:724-739. [PMID: 35899625 PMCID: PMC9439636 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality worldwide and is strongly influenced by circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Only a few genes causally related to plasma LDL cholesterol levels have been identified so far, and only 1 gene, ANGPTL3, has been causally related to combined hypocholesterolemia. Here, our aim was to elucidate the genetic origin of an unexplained combined hypocholesterolemia inherited in 4 generations of a French family. METHODS Using next-generation sequencing, we identified a novel dominant rare variant in the LIPC gene, encoding for hepatic lipase, which cosegregates with the phenotype. We characterized the impact of this LIPC-E97G variant on circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels in family members using nuclear magnetic resonance-based lipoprotein profiling and lipidomics. To uncover the mechanisms underlying the combined hypocholesterolemia, we used protein homology modeling, measured triglyceride lipase and phospholipase activities in cell culture, and studied the phenotype of APOE*3.Leiden.CETP mice after LIPC-E97G overexpression. RESULTS Family members carrying the LIPC-E97G variant had very low circulating levels of LDL cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL particle numbers, and phospholipids. The lysophospholipids/phospholipids ratio was increased in plasma of LIPC-E97G carriers, suggestive of an increased lipolytic activity on phospholipids. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that the LIPC-E97G variant specifically increases the phospholipase activity of hepatic lipase through modification of an evolutionarily conserved motif that determines substrate access to the hepatic lipase catalytic site. Mice overexpressing human LIPC-E97G recapitulated the combined hypocholesterolemic phenotype of the family and demonstrated that the increased phospholipase activity promotes catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by different extrahepatic tissues but not the liver. CONCLUSIONS We identified and characterized a novel rare variant in the LIPC gene in a family who presents with dominant familial combined hypocholesterolemia. This gain-of-function variant makes LIPC the second identified gene, after ANGPTL3, causally involved in familial combined hypocholesterolemia. Our mechanistic data highlight the critical role of hepatic lipase phospholipase activity in LDL cholesterol homeostasis and suggest a new LDL clearance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieneke Dijk
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- UF Dyslipidémies, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale MultiStites, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France (M.D.F.).,CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France (M.D.F., P.M.)
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.K., R.v.E., A.P., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Robin van Eenige
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.K., R.v.E., A.P., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Amandine Caillaud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Aurélie Thedrez
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Lucie Arnaud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Amanda Pronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.K., R.v.E., A.P., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Damien Garçon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Thibaud Sotin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Pierre Lindenbaum
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Lipidomic Platform, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- University of Burgundy, INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France (L.D.).,CHU Dijon, Department of Biochemistry, Dijon, France (L.D.)
| | - Karim Si-Tayeb
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Nuria Amigo
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain (E.O.G., N.A.).,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Rovira I Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Reus, Spain (N.A.)
| | | | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.K., R.v.E., A.P., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Cédric Le May
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
| | - Philippe Moulin
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France (M.D.F., P.M.).,Fédération d’endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques, diabète et nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France (P.M.)
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, France (W.D., A.R., A.C., A.T., L.A., D.G., T.S., P.L., K.S.-T., C.L.M., B.C.)
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6
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Pisciotta L, Ossoli A, Ronca A, Garuti A, Fresa R, Favari E, Calabresi L, Calandra S, Bertolini S. Plasma HDL pattern, cholesterol efflux and cholesterol loading capacity of serum in carriers of a novel missense variant (Gly176Trp) of endothelial lipase. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:694-703. [PMID: 36002365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of function variants of LIPG gene encoding endothelial lipase (EL) are associated with primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP), a lipid disorder characterized by elevated plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). OBJECTIVE Aim of the study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a family with primary HALP. METHODS HDL subclasses distribution was determined by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Serum content of preβ-HDL was assessed by (2D)-electrophoresis. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of serum mediated by ABCA1, ABCG1 or SR-BI was assessed using cells expressing these proteins. Cholesterol loading capacity (CLC) of serum was assayed using cultured human macrophages. Next generation sequencing was used for DNA analysis. Plasma EL mass was determined by ELISA. RESULTS Three family members had elevated plasma HDL-C, apoA-I and total phospholipids, as well as a reduced content of preβ-HDL. These subjects were heterozygous carriers of a novel variant of LIPG gene [c.526 G>T, p.(Gly176Trp)] found to be deleterious in silico. Plasma EL mass in carriers was lower than in controls. CEC of sera mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters was substantially reduced in the carriers. This effect was maintained after correction for serum HDL concentration. The sera of carriers were found to have a higher CLC in cultured human macrophages than control sera. CONCLUSION The novel p.(Gly176Trp) variant of endothelial lipase is associated with changes in HDL composition and subclass distribution as well as with functional changes affecting cholesterol efflux capacity of serum which suggest a defect in the early steps of revere cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (Drs Pisciotta, Garuti, and Bertolini); Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS-Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, Genoa, Italy (Dr Pisciotta).
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (Dr Ossoli)
| | - Annalisa Ronca
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ronca and Favari)
| | - Anna Garuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (Drs Pisciotta, Garuti, and Bertolini)
| | - Raffaele Fresa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (Drs Pisciotta, Garuti, and Bertolini)
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy (Drs Ronca and Favari)
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (Dr Ossoli)
| | - Sebastiano Calandra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy (Dr Calandra)
| | - Stefano Bertolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy (Drs Pisciotta, Garuti, and Bertolini)
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