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Lee Y, Oh D, Han JH, Gong HS, Lee WW. Semiquantitative single-photon-emission computed tomography /computed tomography study to evaluate concomitant ulnar impaction syndrome in patients presenting with triangular fibrocartilage complex tears. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244256. [PMID: 33362280 PMCID: PMC7757893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients presenting with tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) can have ulnar positive variance, for which the clinical relevance to concomitant ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) may be unclear. We hypothesized that maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), a semiquantitative single-photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) value, would distinguish between the traumatic TFCC tear and degenerative TFCC tear associated with the UIS. This study aimed to compare SUVmax between patients with TFCC tear only and patients with TFCC tear and UIS. Methods A total of 26 patients presenting with TFCC tears on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent semiquantitative SPECT/CT examinations. The diagnosis of concomitant UIS was made based on positive ulnar impaction tests and MRI findings. We compared the SUVmax between patients with and without concomitant UIS. We also calculated the cutoff value for the diagnosis of UIS using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Of 26 patients, 14 had concomitant UIS, and 12 had TFCC tears only. The SUVmax was significantly higher in patients with concomitant UIS than in those without UIS (p = 0.048). With a SUVmax cutoff value of 4.09 for UIS, sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 82% were obtained. Conclusions In the semiquantitative SPECT/CT examinations of patients with TFCC tears, those with concomitant UIS had a higher SUVmax than those without UIS. Semiquantitative SPECT/CT can be helpful in confirming concomitant UIS in patients with TFCC tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongkyu Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HSG); (WWL)
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HSG); (WWL)
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Pak L, Noso Y, Chaizhunusova N, Manambaeva Z, Adylkhanov T, Takeichi N, Olzhaev S, Aldyngurov D, Tuleutayeva R, Argynbekova A, Tanysheva G, Zhazykbayeva L, Baissalbayeva A, Rakhypbekov T. Disorder of Endothelia Vessels' Functional State with Malignant Tumors in Patients Exposed Anthropogenic Radiation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:575-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cho YH, Lee JW, Woo HD, Lee S, Kim YJ, Lee Y, Shin S, Joung H, Chung HW. Protective Effect of Onion Extract on Bleomycin-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Human Lymphocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:227. [PMID: 26907305 PMCID: PMC4772247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Following one of the world's largest nuclear accidents, occured at Fukushima, Japan in 2011, a significant scientific effort has focused on minimizing the potential adverse health effects due to radiation exposure. The use of natural dietary antioxidants to reduce the risk of radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage is a simple strategy for minimizing radiation-related cancer rates and improving overall health. The onion is among the richest sources of dietary flavonoids and is an important food for increasing their overall intake. Therefore, we examined the effect of an onion extract on cyto- and geno-toxicity in human lymphocytes treated with bleomycin (BLM), a radiomimetic agent. In addition, we measured the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and DNA damage following treatment with BLM using a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and a single cell gel electrophoresis assay. We observed a significant increase in cell viability in lymphocytes treated with onion extract then exposed to BLM compared to cells treated with BLM alone. The frequency of BLM induced MN and DNA damage increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, when lymphocytes were pretreated with onion extract (10 and 20 μL/mL), the frequency of BLM-induced MN was decreased at all doses of BLM and DNA damage was decreased at 3 μg/mL of BLM. These results suggest that onion extract may have protective effects against BLM-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Cho
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
| | - Joong Won Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Hae Dong Woo
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea.
| | - Sunyeong Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Yang Jee Kim
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Younghyun Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Sangah Shin
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Hyojee Joung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Hai Won Chung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Gomes M, Matias A, Macedo F. Risks to the fetus from diagnostic imaging during pregnancy: review and proposal of a clinical protocol. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:1916-29. [PMID: 26271622 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Every day, medical practitioners face the dilemma of exposing pregnant or possibly pregnant patients to radiation from diagnostic examinations. Both doctors and patients often have questions about the risks of radiation. The most vulnerable period is between the 8th and 15th weeks of gestation. Deterministic effects like pregnancy loss, congenital malformations, growth retardation and neurobehavioral abnormalities have threshold doses above 100-200 mGy. The risk is considered negligible at 50 mGy and in reality no diagnostic examination exceeds this limit. The risk of carcinogenesis is slightly higher than in the general population. Intravenous iodinated contrast is discouraged, except in highly selected patients. Considering all the possible noxious effects of radiation exposure, measures to diminish radiation are essential and affect the fetal outcome. Nonionizing procedures should be considered whenever possible and every radiology center should have its own data analysis on fetal radiation exposure. In this review, we analyze existing literature on fetal risks due to radiation exposure, producing a clinical protocol to guide safe radiation use in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Praça de Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Matias
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Praça de Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal
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Zhang J, He Y, Shen X, Jiang D, Wang Q, Liu Q, Fang W. γ-H2AX responds to DNA damage induced by long-term exposure to combined low-dose-rate neutron and γ-ray radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 795:36-40. [PMID: 26774665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Risk estimates for low-dose radiation (LDR) remain controversial. The possible involvement of DNA repair-related genes in long-term low-dose-rate neutron-gamma radiation exposure is poorly understood. In this study, 60 rats were divided into control groups and irradiated groups, which were exposed to low-dose-rate n-γ combined radiation (LDCR) for 15, 30, or 60 days. The effects of different cumulative radiation doses on peripheral blood cell (PBC), subsets of T cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and DNA damage repair were investigated. Real-time PCR and immunoblot analyses were used to detect expression of DNA DSB-repair-related genes involved in the NHEJ pathway, such as Ku70 and Ku80, in PBL. The mRNA level of H2AX and the expression level of γ-H2AX were detected by real-time PCR, immunoblot, and flow cytometry. White blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) of all ionizing radiation (IR) groups decreased significantly, while no difference was seen between the 30 day and 60 day exposure groups. The numbers of CD3(+), CD4(+) T cells and CD4(+)/CD8(+) in the PBL of IR groups were lower than in the control group. In the 30 day and 60 day exposure groups, CD8(+) T cells decreased significantly. Real-time PCR and immunoblot results showed no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of Ku70 and Ku80 between the control groups and IR groups. However, the mRNA of H2AX increased significantly, and there was a positive correlation with dose. There was no difference in the protein expression of γ-H2AX between 30 day and 60 day groups, which may help to explain the damage to PBL. In conclusion, PBL damage increased with cumulative dose, suggesting that γ-H2AX, but neither Ku70 nor Ku80, plays an important role in PBL impairment induced by LDCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Warship Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying He
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Warship Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianrong Shen
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Warship Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Dingwen Jiang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Warship Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingrong Wang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Warship Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Warship Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Fang
- Department of Biological Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Lv P, Liu J, Zhang R, Jia Y, Gao J. Combined Use of Automatic Tube Voltage Selection and Current Modulation with Iterative Reconstruction for CT Evaluation of Small Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinomas: Effect on Lesion Conspicuity and Image Quality. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:531-40. [PMID: 25995682 PMCID: PMC4435983 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the lesion conspicuity and image quality in CT evaluation of small (≤ 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using automatic tube voltage selection (ATVS) and automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) with or without iterative reconstruction. Materials and Methods One hundred and five patients with 123 HCC lesions were included. Fifty-seven patients were scanned using both ATVS and ATCM and images were reconstructed using either filtered back-projection (FBP) (group A1) or sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) (group A2). Forty-eight patients were imaged using only ATCM, with a fixed tube potential of 120 kVp and FBP reconstruction (group B). Quantitative parameters (image noise in Hounsfield unit and contrast-to-noise ratio of the aorta, the liver, and the hepatic tumors) and qualitative visual parameters (image noise, overall image quality, and lesion conspicuity as graded on a 5-point scale) were compared among the groups. Results Group A2 scanned with the automatically chosen 80 kVp and 100 kVp tube voltages ranked the best in lesion conspicuity and subjective and objective image quality (p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.004) among the three groups, except for overall image quality between group A2 and group B (p = 0.022). Group A1 showed higher image noise (p = 0.005) but similar lesion conspicuity and overall image quality as compared with group B. The radiation dose in group A was 19% lower than that in group B (p = 0.022). Conclusion CT scanning with combined use of ATVS and ATCM and image reconstruction with SAFIRE algorithm provides higher lesion conspicuity and better image quality for evaluating small hepatic HCCs with radiation dose reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Siemens Healthcare China, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
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Halliburton SS, Abbara S, Chen MY, Gentry R, Mahesh M, Raff GL, Shaw LJ, Hausleiter J. SCCT guidelines on radiation dose and dose-optimization strategies in cardiovascular CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2011; 5:198-224. [PMID: 21723512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, computed tomography (CT) has developed into a standard clinical test for a variety of cardiovascular conditions. The emergence of cardiovascular CT during a period of dramatic increase in radiation exposure to the population from medical procedures and heightened concern about the subsequent potential cancer risk has led to intense scrutiny of the radiation burden of this new technique. This has hastened the development and implementation of dose reduction tools and prompted closer monitoring of patient dose. In an effort to aid the cardiovascular CT community in incorporating patient-centered radiation dose optimization and monitoring strategies into standard practice, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography has produced a guideline document to review available data and provide recommendations regarding interpretation of radiation dose indices and predictors of risk, appropriate use of scanner acquisition modes and settings, development of algorithms for dose optimization, and establishment of procedures for dose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Halliburton
- Imaging Institute, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, J1-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Knowledge and Attitudes of Emergency Department Patients Regarding Radiation Risk of CT: Effects of Age, Sex, Race, Education, Insurance, Body Mass Index, Pain, and Seriousness of Illness. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195:1151-8. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.09.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cardiovascular Imaging With Computed Tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3:536-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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CT evaluation of diffuse infiltrative lung disease: dose considerations and optimal technique. J Thorac Imaging 2010; 24:252-9. [PMID: 19935222 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e3181c227b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive outline of radiation issues in the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans obtained for the diagnosis and follow-up of diffuse lung disease. Specifically, the evidence indicating risk from the radiation at the level used in HRCT, recommended dose levels for HRCT, radiation dose reduction strategies, and suggested protocols are discussed.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Ionising radiation exposure gives rise to a variety of lesions in DNA that result in genetic instability and potentially tumourigenesis or cell death. Radiation extends its effects on DNA by direct interaction or by radiolysis of H(2)O that generates free radicals or aqueous electrons capable of interacting with and causing indirect damage to DNA. While the various lesions arising in DNA after radiation exposure can contribute to the mutagenising effects of this agent, the potentially most damaging lesion is the DNA double strand break (DSB) that contributes to genome instability and/or cell death. Thus in many cases failure to recognise and/or repair this lesion determines the radiosensitivity status of the cell. DNA repair mechanisms including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) have evolved to protect cells against DNA DSB. Mutations in proteins that constitute these repair pathways are characterised by radiosensitivity and genome instability. Defects in a number of these proteins also give rise to genetic disorders that feature not only genetic instability but also immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, neurodegeneration and other pathologies. CONCLUSIONS In the past 50 years our understanding of the cellular response to radiation damage has advanced enormously with insight being gained from a wide range of approaches extending from more basic early studies to the sophisticated approaches used today. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the impact of radiation on the cell and the organism gained from the array of past and present studies and attempt to provide an explanation for what it is that determines the response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, Science Park Road, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RQ, UK.
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Asaithamby A, Chen DJ. Cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks after low-dose gamma-irradiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:3912-23. [PMID: 19401436 PMCID: PMC2709554 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a serious threat to genome stability and cell viability. Although biological effects of low levels of radiation are not clear, the risks of low-dose radiation are of societal importance. Here, we directly monitored induction and repair of single DSBs and quantitatively analyzed the dynamics of interaction of DNA repair proteins at individual DSB sites in living cells using 53BP1 fused to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP-53BP1) as a surrogate marker. The number of DSBs formed was linear with dose from 5 mGy to 1 Gy. The DSBs induced by very low radiation doses (5 mGy) were repaired with efficiency similar to repair of DSBs induced at higher doses. The YFP-53BP1 foci are dynamic structures: 53BP1 rapidly and reversibly interacted at these DSB sites. The time frame of recruitment and affinity of 53BP1 for DSB sites were indistinguishable between low and high doses, providing mechanistic evidence for the similar DSB repair after low- and high-dose radiation. These findings have important implications for estimating the risk associated with low-dose radiation exposure on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Chen
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 214 648 5597; Fax: +1 214 648 5995;
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to familiarize the radiologist with radiation dose in cardiac CT imaging and explain the current methods for dose reduction. CONCLUSION Advances in CT technology have resulted in a significant increase in cardiac CT applications. It is imperative that the radiologist understand the resulting dose implication to the patient and actively engage in optimal protocol design to achieve adequate image quality with patient dose reduction in mind.
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Harolds JA, Smith GT, Baker SR. Trends and different educational pathways for training physicians in nuclear medicine. Acad Radiol 2008; 15:1596-603. [PMID: 19000877 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT), single photon-emission CT/CT, and software packages for multimodality imaging has accelerated the need for nuclear medicine physicians to obtain more training in cross-sectional imaging, especially in CT. In recent years, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the American Board of Radiology, and the American Board of Nuclear Medicine have promulgated new rules and regulations. In addition, the Society of Nuclear Medicine, the American College of Radiology, and the American College of Cardiology Foundation have crafted new guidelines and training requirements. All these changes have consequences for the education of physicians in nuclear medicine. Self-referral and concerns about radiation exposure from nuclear medicine examinations and CT are also affecting the education of physicians practicing nuclear medicine. The authors examine the impact of these developments on training and certification in nuclear medicine and suggest another pathway to train some nuclear medicine physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Saxon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Cacace AT, Silver SM. Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to tinnitus research: initial data, current issues, and future perspectives. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2008; 166:71-81. [PMID: 17956773 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(07)66007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Conducting tinnitus research on humans poses challenges for investigators because of its subjective nature, the complexities involved in establishing underlying generator sites, the diversity of potential causes, and the inherent difficulties in dissociating reactive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), secondary to peripheral hearing loss, from those effects that may be due to tinnitus. One area of considerable interest concerns biomarker development, particularly in the areas of metabolism and biochemistry. Establishing a biomarker or a profile of metabolic and neurobiochemical constituents of tinnitus-related activity within the CNS could be of considerable importance for understanding the fundamental properties of this disorder. Therefore, in an effort to gain greater insight into mechanisms of tinnitus, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is being proposed as one of the several tools that can address pertinent issues. Apart from its long-standing use in analytical chemistry and physics, MRS is also being applied with greater frequency in the neurosciences to gain insight into human brain function under normal and pathological states. By considering the history of this method and advances made to date, MRS has the potential to: (1) identify unique in vivo metabolic and neurobiochemical biomarkers associated with tinnitus in specific regions of the CNS, (2) clarify and track disease pathogenesis, (3) monitor short and long-term treatment effects, and (4) serve as a tool in testing of drugs that may be used in treatment of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Cacace
- The Neurosciences Institute and Advanced Imaging Research Center, Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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