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Ohene-Botwe B, Amedu C, Antwi WK, Abdul-Razak W, Kyei KA, Arkoh S, Mudadi LS, Mushosho EY, Bwanga O, Chinene B, Nyawani P, Mutandiro LC, Piersson AD. Promoting sustainability activities in clinical radiography practice and education in resource-limited countries: A discussion paper. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30 Suppl 1:56-61. [PMID: 38905726 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urgent global action is required to combat climate change, with radiographers poised to play a significant role in reducing healthcare's environmental impact. This paper explores radiography-related activities and factors in resource-limited departments contributing to the carbon footprint and proposes strategies for mitigation. The rationale is to discuss the literature regarding these contributing factors and to raise awareness about how to promote sustainability activities in clinical radiography practice and education in resource-limited countries. KEY FINDINGS The radiography-related activities and factors contributing to the carbon footprint in resource-limited countries include the use of old equipment and energy inefficiency, insufficient clean energy to power equipment, long-distance commuting for radiological examinations, high film usage and waste, inadequate training and research on sustainable practices, as well as limited policies to drive support for sustainability. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach. Firstly, financial assistance and partnerships are needed to adopt eco-friendly technologies and clean energy sources to power equipment, thus tackling issues related to old equipment and energy inefficiency. Transitioning to digital radiography can mitigate the environmental impact of high film usage and waste, while collaboration between governments, healthcare organisations, and international stakeholders can improve access to radiological services, reducing long-distance commuting. Additionally, promoting education programmes and research efforts in sustainability will empower radiographers with the knowledge to practice sustainably, complemented by clear policies such as green imaging practices to guide and incentivise the adoption of sustainable practices. These integrated solutions can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of radiography activities in resource-limited settings while enhancing healthcare delivery. CONCLUSION Radiography-related activities and factors in resource-limited departments contributing to the carbon footprint are multifaceted but can be addressed through concerted efforts. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Addressing the challenges posed by old equipment, energy inefficiency, high film usage, and inadequate training through collaborative efforts and robust policy implementation is essential for promoting sustainable radiography practices in resource-limited countries. Radiographers in these countries need to be aware of these factors contributing to the carbon footprint and begin to work with the relevant stakeholders to mitigate them. Furthermore, there is a need for them to engage in education programmes and research efforts in sustainability to empower them with the right knowledge and understanding to practice sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ohene-Botwe
- Department of Midwifery & Radiography, School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom.
| | - C Amedu
- Department of Midwifery & Radiography, School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom.
| | - W K Antwi
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - W Abdul-Razak
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fatima College of Health Sciences, AI Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - K A Kyei
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - S Arkoh
- Department of Radiology, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - L-S Mudadi
- Royal Papworth Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - E Y Mushosho
- Harare Institute of Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - O Bwanga
- Radiology Department, Midlands University Hospital Tullamore, Ireland.
| | - B Chinene
- Harare Institute of Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - P Nyawani
- Harare Institute of Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - L C Mutandiro
- Harare Institute of Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - A D Piersson
- Department of Imaging Technology & Sonography, University of Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana.
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Andriole KP. Picture archiving and communication systems: past, present, and future. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:061405. [PMID: 38162316 PMCID: PMC10754358 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.6.061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) that digitally acquire, archive, transmit, and display medical images ultimately enabled the transition from an analog film-based operation to a digital workflow revolutionizing radiology. This article briefly traces early generation systems to present-day PACS, noting challenges along with key technological advances and benefits. Thoughts for future PACS evolution are discussed including the promise of integration of artificial intelligence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P. Andriole
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Gorman C, Punzo D, Octaviano I, Pieper S, Longabaugh WJR, Clunie DA, Kikinis R, Fedorov AY, Herrmann MD. Interoperable slide microscopy viewer and annotation tool for imaging data science and computational pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1572. [PMID: 36949078 PMCID: PMC10033920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The exchange of large and complex slide microscopy imaging data in biomedical research and pathology practice is impeded by a lack of data standardization and interoperability, which is detrimental to the reproducibility of scientific findings and clinical integration of technological innovations. We introduce Slim, an open-source, web-based slide microscopy viewer that implements the internationally accepted Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard to achieve interoperability with a multitude of existing medical imaging systems. We showcase the capabilities of Slim as the slide microscopy viewer of the NCI Imaging Data Commons and demonstrate how the viewer enables interactive visualization of traditional brightfield microscopy and highly-multiplexed immunofluorescence microscopy images from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Tissue Atlas Network, respectively, using standard DICOMweb services. We further show how Slim enables the collection of standardized image annotations for the development or validation of machine learning models and the visual interpretation of model inference results in the form of segmentation masks, spatial heat maps, or image-derived measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gorman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ron Kikinis
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrey Y Fedorov
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Markus D Herrmann
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Long Z, Walz-Flannigan AI, Littrell LA, Schueler BA. Technical note: Four-year experience with utilization of DICOM metadata analytics in clinical digital radiography practice. Med Phys 2023; 50:831-836. [PMID: 36542418 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital radiography (DR) still presents many challenges and could have complex imaging acquisition and processing patterns in a clinical practice hindering quality standardization. PURPOSE This technical note aims to report the 4-year experience with utilizing a custom DICOM metadata analytics program in clinical DR at a large institution. METHODS Thirty-eight DR systems of three vendors at multiple locations were configured to automatically send clinical DICOM images to a DICOM receiver. A suite of custom MATLAB programs was established to extract and store public and private header data weekly. Specific use cases are provided for systematic image acquisition investigation, image processing harmonization, exposure index (EI) longitudinal monitoring and EI target optimization. RESULTS For systematic acquisition investigation, an example of adult lumbar spine exam analysis was provided with statistics on manual acquisition versus the use of automatic exposure control (AEC, including AEC dose level, active cell, and backup timer), grid usage, and collimation for various projections. For processing harmonization, up to 12.6% of protocols were revealed to have processing parameter differences in an example of a mobile radiography fleet. In addition, inconsistent use of a post-acquisition image size function was also demonstrated, which resulted in anatomy size display variations. Bimonthly monitoring of median EI values showed expected trends, including changes after an AEC dose level adjustment for adult posterior-anterior chest imaging on a scanner system. An example of adult axillary shoulder EI target refinement was shared using the median value, eμ , based on the lognormal EI data distribution after parsing down to acquisitions with appropriate techniques. CONCLUSIONS This analytics program enables systematic analysis of image acquisition and processing details. The information provides invaluable insights into real practice patterns, which can support data-driven quality standardization and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyang Long
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Beth A Schueler
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Decoster R, Toomey R, Smits D, Haygood TM, Ryan ML. Understanding reasons for image rejection by radiologists and radiographers. J Med Radiat Sci 2022. [PMID: 36565472 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A core element of a radiographer's role is the decision on whether a radiograph is sufficient for diagnosis, or a repeat examination is needed. Studies illustrate the disagreement on the diagnostic value of radiographs between radiographers and radiologists, which may influence repeat examinations. This study investigates if parameters contributing to image quality are possible determinants to explain the difference between professions. METHODS A total of 74 radiographers and radiologists from three different countries assessed three data sets (chest PA, hip HBL, c-spine lateral), each containing 25 radiographs. All observers scored image quality in terms of anatomical visualisation, positioning, collimation, detector exposure and judged the diagnostic value using the ACR RadLex classification. All assessments were performed on a clinically relevant display. Visual grading characteristics were used to compare image quality evaluations between groups. RESULTS Radiographers scored the visualisation of anatomical structures lower than radiologists though the difference was not statistically significant. A difference in classification using the RadLex categories - with radiographers rejecting more radiographs - was demonstrated. Only the subjective evaluation of the detector exposure correlated statistically with RadLex ratings. There was no difference between radiographers and radiologists when reviewing patient positioning and collimation. CONCLUSION Radiographers and radiologists agree on the visualisation of anatomical structures, but radiographers are more critical towards the diagnostic value. Within the criteria studied, the evaluation of anatomical structures does not explain the difference. Radiographs have a higher change of being rejected if the observer (subjectively) assessed the detector exposure as inappropriate. This correlation is stronger for radiographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Decoster
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel Toomey
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk Smits
- Health Care Science, Odisee University College, Brussel, Belgium
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Quality of Hand Radiograph Collimation Determined by Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Correlates with Radiograph Quality Scores Assigned by Radiologists. RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation1020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing direct feedback to technologists has become challenging for radiologists due to geographic separation and other reasons. As such, there is a need for automated solutions to solve quality issues in radiography. We evaluated the feasibility of using a computer vision artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to classify hand radiographs into quality categories in order to automate quality assurance processes in radiology. A bounding box was placed over the hand on 300 hand radiographs. These inputs were employed to train the computational neural network (CNN) to automatically detect hand boundaries. The trained CNN detector was used to place bounding boxes over the hands on an additional 100 radiographs, independently of the training or validation sets. A computer algorithm processed each output image to calculate unused air spaces. The same 100 images were classified by two musculoskeletal radiologists into four quality categories. The correlation between the AI-calculated unused space metric and radiologist-assigned quality scores was determined using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The kappa statistic was used to calculate the inter-reader agreement. The best negative correlation between the AI-assigned metric and the radiologists’ assigned quality scores was achieved using the calculation of the unused space at the top of the image. The Spearman correlation coefficients were −0.7 and −0.6 for the two radiologists. The kappa correlation coefficient for interobserver agreement between the two radiologists was 0.6. Automatic calculation of the percentage of unused space or indirect collimation at the top of hand radiographs correlates moderately well with radiographic collimation quality.
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Hastie T, Venske-Parker S, Aps JKM. Impact of viewing conditions on the performance assessment of different computer monitors used for dental diagnostics. Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51:137-148. [PMID: 34235059 PMCID: PMC8219454 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the computer monitors used for analysis and interpretation of digital radiographs within the clinics of the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia. Materials and Methods In total, 135 computer monitors (3 brands, 6 models) were assessed by analysing the same radiographic image of a combined 13-step aluminium step wedge and the Artinis CDDent 1.0® (Artinis Medical Systems B.V.®, Elst, the Netherlands) test object. The number of steps and cylindrical objects observed on each monitor was recorded along with the monitor's make, model, position relative to the researcher's eye level, and proximity to the nearest window. The number of window panels blocked by blinds, the outside weather conditions, and the number of ceiling lights over the surgical suite/cubicle were also recorded. MedCalc® version 19.2.1 (MedCalc Software Ltd®, Ostend, Belgium, https://www.medcalc.org; 2020) was used for statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis test and stepwise regression analysis). The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results Stepwise regression analysis showed that only the monitor brand and proximity of the monitor to a window had a significant impact on the monitor's performance (P<0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences (P<0.05) in monitor performance for all variables investigated, except for the weather and the clinic in which the monitors were placed. Conclusion The vast performance variation present between computer monitors implies the need for a review of monitor selection, calibration, and viewing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hastie
- University of Western Australia, Dental School and Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Sascha Venske-Parker
- University of Western Australia, Dental School and Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Johan K M Aps
- School of Oral Hygiene, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Gent, Belgium
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8
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Karobari MI, Noorani TY, Halim MS, Ahmed HMA. Root and canal morphology of the anterior permanent dentition in Malaysian population using two classification systems: A CBCT clinical study. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:202-216. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Conservative Dentistry Unit Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
- Conservative Dentistry Unit School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Conservative Dentistry Unit Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Health campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Xiberta P, Boada I, Thió-Henestrosa S, Ortuño P, Pedraza S. Introducing Online Continuing Education in Radiology for General Practitioners. J Med Syst 2020; 44:55. [PMID: 31950280 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether e-learning as a new teaching methodology was acceptable for general practitioners in continuous education courses of radiology. Generally, these courses are face-to-face with the corresponding time and place limitations. To overcome these limitations, we transformed one of these courses to an online one evaluating its acceptance. The course was about thorax radiology and it was delivered to 249 participants. The experiment was carried out in two phases: Phase 1, as a pilot testing with 12 general practitioners (G1), and Phase 2, with 149 general practitioners (G2), 12 radiologists (G3) and 76 medical residents (G4). All participants evaluated the course design, the delivering e-learning platform, and the course contents using a five-point Likert scale (satisfaction level from 1 to 5). Collected data was analysed using t, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In Phase 1, the rounded scores of all questions except one surpassed 3.5. In Phase 2, all the rounded scores surpassed 4.0 indicating that a total agreement on all items was achieved. All collected impressions indicate the high acceptance of the proposed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Xiberta
- Graphics and Imaging Laboratory, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia.
| | - Imma Boada
- Graphics and Imaging Laboratory, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia
| | - Santiago Thió-Henestrosa
- Departament d'Informàtica, Matemàtica Aplicada i Estadística, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia
| | - Pedro Ortuño
- Department of Radiology-IDI and IDIBGI, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Ctra. França, 17007, Girona, Catalonia
| | - Salvador Pedraza
- Department of Radiology-IDI and IDIBGI, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Ctra. França, 17007, Girona, Catalonia
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Gross I, Langer Y, Pasternak Y, Abu Ahmad W, Eventov-Friedman S, Koplewitz BZ. Questionnaire-based study showed that neonatal chest radiographs could be reliably interpreted using the WhatsApp messaging application. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:94-100. [PMID: 29889988 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We surveyed whether clinicians used the WhatsApp messaging application to view neonatal chest radiographs and asked a sub-sample to compare them with computer screen viewings. METHODS The study was conducted at three university-affiliated medical centres in Israel from June-December 2016. Questionnaires on using smartphones for professional purposes were completed by 68/71 paediatric residents and 20/28 neonatologists. In addition, 11 neonatologists viewed 20 chest radiographs on a computer screen followed by a smartphone and 10 viewed the same radiographs in the opposite order, separated by a washout period of 2 months. After another 2 months, five from each group viewed the same radiographs on a computer screen. Different interpretations between viewing modes were assessed. RESULTS Most respondents used WhatsApp to send chest radiographs for consultation: 82% of the paediatric residents and 80% of the neonatologists. The mean number of inconsistencies in diagnosis was 3.7/20 between two computer views and 2.9/20 between computer and smartphone views (p = 0.88) and the disease severity means were 3.7/20 and 2.85/20, respectively (p = 0.94). Neonatologists using WhatsApp only determined umbilical line placement in 80% of cases. CONCLUSION WhatsApp was reliable for preliminary interpretation of neonatal chest radiographs, but caution was needed when assessing umbilical lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yshia Langer
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Pasternak
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- Hebrew University--Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Benjamin Z Koplewitz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Renieblas GP, Nogués AT, González AM, Gómez-Leon N, Del Castillo EG. Structural similarity index family for image quality assessment in radiological images. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:035501. [PMID: 28924574 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.3.035501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural similarity index (SSIM) family is a set of metrics that has demonstrated good agreement with human observers in tasks using reference images. These metrics analyze the viewing distance, edge information between the reference and the test images, changed and preserved edges, textures, and structural similarity of the images. Eight metrics based on that family are proposed. This new set of metrics, together with another eight well-known SSIM family metrics, was tested to predict human performance in some specific tasks closely related to the evaluation of radiological medical images. We used a database of radiological images, comprising different acquisition techniques (MRI and plain films). This database was distorted with different types of distortions (Gaussian blur, noise, etc.) and different levels of degradation. These images were analyzed by a board of radiologists with a double-stimulus methodology, and their results were compared with those obtained from the 16 metrics analyzed and proposed in this research. Our experimental results showed that the readings of human observers were sensitive to the changes and preservation of the edge information between the reference and test images, changes and preservation in the texture, structural component of the images, and simulation of multiple viewing distances. These results showed that several metrics that apply this multifactorial approach (4-G-SSIM, 4-MS-G-SSIM, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) can be used as good surrogates of a radiologist to analyze the medical quality of an image in an environment with a reference image.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Turrero Nogués
- Complutense University, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Gómez-Leon
- Autónoma University, Department of Radiology, Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Baltacıoĝlu İH, Eren H, Yavuz Y, Kamburoğlu K. Diagnostic accuracy of different display types in detection of recurrent caries under restorations by using CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 45:20160099. [PMID: 27319604 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the in vitro diagnostic ability of CBCT images using seven different display types in the detection of recurrent caries. METHODS Our study comprised 128 extracted human premolar and molar teeth. 8 groups each containing 16 teeth were obtained as follows: (1) Black Class I (Occlusal) amalgam filling without caries; (2) Black Class I (Occlusal) composite filling without caries; (3) Black Class II (Proximal) amalgam filling without caries; (4) Black Class II (Proximal) composite filling without caries; (5) Black Class I (Occlusal) amalgam filling with caries; (6) Black Class I (Occlusal) composite filling with caries; (7) Black Class II (Proximal) amalgam filling with caries; and (8) Black Class II (Proximal) composite filling with caries. Teeth were imaged using 100 × 90 mm field of view at three different voxel sizes of a CBCT unit (Planmeca ProMax(®) 3D ProFace™; Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland). CBCT TIFF images were opened and viewed using custom-designed software for computers on different display types. Intra- and interobserver agreements were calculated. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) values for each image type, observer, reading and restoration were compared using z-tests against Az = 0.5. The significance level was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS We found poor and moderate agreements. In general, Az values were found when software and medical diagnostic monitor were utilized. For Observer 2, Az values were statistically significantly higher when software was used on medical monitor [p = 0.036, p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, for normal-resolution mode (0.200 mm(3) voxel size), high-resolution mode (0.150 mm(3) voxel size) and low-resolution mode (0.400 mm(3) voxel size), respectively]. No statistically significant differences were found among other display types for all modes (p > 0.05). In general, no difference was found among 3 different voxel sizes (p > 0.05). In general, higher Az values were obtained for composite restorations than for amalgam restorations for all observers. For Observer 1, Az values for composite restorations were statistically significantly higher than those of amalgam restorations for MacBook and iPhone (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) assessments (p = 0.002 and p = 0.048, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Higher Az values were observed with medical monitors when used with dedicated software compared to other display types which performed similarly in the diagnosis of recurrent caries under restorations. In addition, observers performed better in detection of recurrent caries when assessing composite restorations than amalgams.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail H Baltacıoĝlu
- 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eren
- 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yavuz
- 3 Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Randhawa PA, Morrish W, Lysack JT, Hu W, Goyal M, Hill MD. Neuroradiology Using Secure Mobile Device Review. Can J Neurol Sci 2016; 43:1-4. [PMID: 27045605 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Image review on computer-based workstations has made film-based review outdated. Despite advances in technology, the lack of portability of digital workstations creates an inherent disadvantage. As such, we sought to determine if the quality of image review on a handheld device is adequate for routine clinical use. METHODS Six CT/CTA cases and six MR/MRA cases were independently reviewed by three neuroradiologists in varying environments: high and low ambient light using a handheld device and on a traditional imaging workstation in ideal conditions. On first review (using a handheld device in high ambient light), a preliminary diagnosis for each case was made. Upon changes in review conditions, neuroradiologists were asked if any additional features were seen that changed their initial diagnoses. Reviewers were also asked to comment on overall clinical quality and if the handheld display was of acceptable quality for image review. RESULTS After the initial CT review in high ambient light, additional findings were reported in 2 of 18 instances on subsequent reviews. Similarly, additional findings were identified in 4 of 18 instances after the initial MR review in high ambient lighting. Only one of these six additional findings contributed to the diagnosis made on the initial preliminary review. CONCLUSIONS Use of a handheld device for image review is of adequate diagnostic quality based on image contrast, sharpness of structures, visible artefacts and overall display quality. Although reviewers were comfortable with using this technology, a handheld device with a larger screen may be diagnostically superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privia A Randhawa
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - William Morrish
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - John T Lysack
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - William Hu
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to complete a full evaluation of the new EIZO RX850 liquid crystal display and compare it to two currently used medical displays in Australia (EIZO GS510 and Barco MDCG 5121). The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 18 Quality Control test pattern was used to assess the performance of three high-resolution primary medical displays: EIZO RX850, EIZO GS510, and Barco MDCG 5121. A Konica Minolta spectroradiometer (CS-2000) was used to assess luminance response, non-uniformity, veiling glare, and color uniformity. Qualitative evaluation of noise was also performed. Seven breast lesions were displayed on each monitor and photographed with a calibrated 5.5-MP Olympus E-1 digital SLR camera. ImageJ software was used to sample pixel information from each lesion and surrounding background to calculate their conspicuity index on each of the displays. All monitor fulfilled all AAPM acceptance criteria. The performance characteristics for EIZO RX850, Barco MDCG 5121, and EIZO GS510 respectively were as follows: maximum luminance (490, 500.5, and 413 cd/m(2)), minimum luminance (0.724, 1.170, and 0.92 cd/m(2)), contrast ratio (675:1, 428:1, 449:1), just-noticeable difference index (635, 622, 609), non-uniformity (20, 5.92, and 8.5 %), veiling glare (GR = 2465.6, 720.4, 1249.8), and color uniformity (Δu'v' = +0.003, +0.002, +0.002). All monitors demonstrated low noise levels. The conspicuity index (χ) of the lesions was slightly higher in the EIZO RX850 display. All medical displays fulfilled AAPM performance criteria, and performance characteristics of EIZO RX850 are equal to or better than those of the Barco MDCG 5121 and EIZO GS510 displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest U Ekpo
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, M205, Cumberland Campus, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia.
- Department of Radiography and Radiology, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Mark F McEntee
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, M205, Cumberland Campus, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia
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Butt A, Savage NW. Digital display monitor performance in general dental practice. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:240-6. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Butt
- Metro North Oral Health Services; Queensland Health
| | - NW Savage
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Queensland Health
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16
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Users’ Assessment of Orthoimage Photometric Quality for Visual Interpretation of Agricultural Fields. REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70404919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Kallio-Pulkkinen S, Haapea M, Liukkonen E, Huumonen S, Tervonen O, Nieminen MT. Comparison between DICOM-calibrated and uncalibrated consumer grade and 6-MP displays under different lighting conditions in panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2015; 44:20140365. [PMID: 25564888 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20140365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare observer performance in the detection of anatomical structures and pathology in panoramic radiographs using consumer grade with and without digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM)-calibration and 6-megapixel (6-MP) displays under different lighting conditions. METHODS 30 panoramic radiographs were randomly evaluated on three displays under bright (510 lx) and dim (16 lx) ambient lighting by two observers with different years of experience. Dentinoenamel junction, dentinal caries and periapical inflammatory lesions, visibility of cortical border of the floor and pathological lesions in maxillary sinus were evaluated. Consensus between the observers was considered as reference. Intraobserver agreement was determined. Proportion of equivalent ratings and weighted kappa were used to assess reliability. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05. RESULTS The proportion of equivalent ratings with consensus differed between uncalibrated and DICOM-calibrated consumer grade displays in dentinal caries in the lower molar in dim lighting (p = 0.021) and between DICOM-calibrated consumer grade and 6-MP display in bright lighting (p = 0.038) for an experienced observer. Significant differences were found between uncalibrated and DICOM-calibrated consumer grade displays in dentinal caries in bright lighting (p = 0.044) and periapical lesions in the upper molar in dim lighting (p = 0.008) for a less experienced observer. Intraobserver reliability was better at detecting dentinal caries than at detecting periapical and maxillary sinus pathology. CONCLUSIONS DICOM calibration may improve observer performance in panoramic radiography in different lighting conditions. Therefore, a DICOM-calibrated consumer grade display can be used instead of a medical display in dental practice without compromising the diagnostic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kallio-Pulkkinen
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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19
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Standards and Guidelines in Telemedicine and Telehealth. Healthcare (Basel) 2014; 2:74-93. [PMID: 27429261 PMCID: PMC4934495 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare2010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of guidelines and standards for telemedicine is an important and valuable process to help insure effective and safe delivery of quality healthcare. Some organizations, such as the American Telemedicine Association (ATA), have made the development of standards and guidelines a priority. The practice guidelines developed so far have been well received by the telemedicine community and are being adopted in numerous practices, as well as being used in research to support the practice and growth of telemedicine. Studies that utilize published guidelines not only help bring them into greater public awareness, but they also provide evidence needed to validate existing guidelines and guide the revision of future versions. Telemedicine will continue to grow and be adopted by more healthcare practitioners and patients in a wide variety of forms not just in the traditional clinical environments, and practice guidelines will be a key factor in fostering this growth. Creation of guidelines is important to payers and regulators as well as increasingly they are adopting and integrating them into regulations and policies. This paper will review some of the recent ATA efforts in developing telemedicine practice guidelines, review the role of research in guidelines development, review data regarding their use, and discuss some of areas where guidelines are still needed.
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20
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Specialized Imaging. Clin Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-08495-6.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Kanal KM, Krupinski E, Berns EA, Geiser WR, Karellas A, Mainiero MB, Martin MC, Patel SB, Rubin DL, Shepard JD, Siegel EL, Wolfman JA, Mian TA, Mahoney MC. ACR-AAPM-SIIM practice guideline for determinants of image quality in digital mammography. J Digit Imaging 2013; 26:10-25. [PMID: 22992865 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-012-9521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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22
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Using a Web-Based Image Quality Assurance Reporting System to Improve Image Quality. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:361-8. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Nelson NC, Zekas LJ, Reese DJ. Digital radiography for the equine practitioner: basic principles and recent advances. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2012. [PMID: 23177127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As availability increases and cost decreases, digital radiograph systems become more common in equine practice. Technological advances provide an array of choices for the equine practitioner considering purchase. Two classes of systems are available: computed radiography and flat-panel systems (direct radiography). Image processing encompasses all manipulations performed on an image at acquisition and can have a profound effect on the final digital radiograph. Consideration should be given to the type of display monitor because many options are now available. The type of display monitor and the viewing environment have an effect on interpretation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Nelson
- Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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24
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Butt A, Mahoney M, Savage NW. The impact of computer display performance on the quality of digital radiographs: a review. Aust Dent J 2012; 57 Suppl 1:16-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Human-computer interaction in radiotherapy target volume delineation: a prospective, multi-institutional comparison of user input devices. J Digit Imaging 2012; 24:794-803. [PMID: 20978922 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-010-9341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the prospective comparison of objective and subjective effects of target volume region of interest (ROI) delineation using mouse-keyboard and pen-tablet user input devices (UIDs). The study was designed as a prospective test/retest sequence, with Wilcoxon signed rank test for matched-pair comparison. Twenty-one physician-observers contoured target volume ROIs on four standardized cases (representative of brain, prostate, lung, and head and neck malignancies) twice: once using QWERTY keyboard/scroll-wheel mouse UID and once with pen-tablet UID (DTX2100, Wacom Technology Corporation, Vancouver, WA, USA). Active task time, ROI manipulation task data, and subjective survey data were collected. One hundred twenty-nine target volume ROI sets were collected, with 62 paired pen-tablet/mouse-keyboard sessions. Active contouring time was reduced using the pen-tablet UID, with mean ± SD active contouring time of 26 ± 23 min, compared with 32 ± 25 with the mouse (p ≤ 0.01). Subjective estimation of time spent was also reduced from 31 ± 26 with mouse to 27 ± 22 min with the pen (p = 0.02). Task analysis showed ROI correction task reduction (p = 0.045) and decreased panning and scrolling tasks (p < 0.01) with the pen-tablet; drawing, window/level changes, and zoom commands were unchanged (p = n.s.) Volumetric analysis demonstrated no detectable differences in ROI volume nor intra- or inter-observer volumetric coverage. Fifty-two of 62 (84%) users preferred the tablet for each contouring task; 5 of 62 (8%) denoted no preference, and 5 of 62 (8%) chose the mouse interface. The pen-tablet UID reduced active contouring time and reduced correction of ROIs, without substantially altering ROI volume/coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, Mail Stop Code 7889, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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26
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Ludewig E, Pees M, Morgan JP. Clinical Technique: Digital Radiography in Exotic Pets—Important Practical Differences Compared with Traditional Radiography. J Exot Pet Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Lee WJ, Choi BS, Kim SJ, Park CK, Park JS, Tae S, Hering KG. Development of standard digital images for pneumoconiosis. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1403-8. [PMID: 22065894 PMCID: PMC3207041 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed the standard digital images (SDIs) to be used in the classification and recognition of pneumoconiosis. From July 3, 2006 through August 31, 2007, 531 retired male workers exposed to inorganic dust were examined by digital (DR) and analog radiography (AR) on the same day, after being approved by our institutional review board and obtaining informed consent from all participants. All images were twice classified according to the International Labour Office (ILO) 2000 guidelines with reference to ILO standard analog radiographs (SARs) by four chest radiologists. After consensus reading on 349 digital images matched with the first selected analog images, 120 digital images were selected as the SDIs that considered the distribution of pneumoconiosis findings. Images with profusion category 0/1, 1, 2, and 3 were 12, 50, 40, and 15, respectively, and a large opacity were in 43 images (A = 20, B = 22, C = 1). Among pleural abnormality, costophrenic angle obliteration, pleural plaque and thickening were in 11 (9.2%), 31 (25.8%), and 9 (7.5%) images, respectively. Twenty-one of 29 symbols were present except cp, ef, ho, id, me, pa, ra, and rp. A set of 120 SDIs had more various pneumoconiosis findings than ILO SARs that were developed from adequate methods. It can be used as digital reference images for the recognition and classification of pneumoconiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Choong-Ki Park
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jai-Soung Park
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seok Tae
- Department of Radiology, Donghae Hospital, Donghae, Korea
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Abstract
Dry imaging cameras are important hard copy devices in radiology. Using dry imaging camera, multiformat images of digital modalities in radiology are created from a sealed unit of unexposed films. The functioning of a modern dry camera, involves a blend of concurrent processes, in areas of diverse sciences like computers, mechanics, thermal, optics, electricity and radiography. Broadly, hard copy devices are classified as laser and non laser based technology. When compared with the working knowledge and technical awareness of different modalities in radiology, the understanding of a dry imaging camera is often superficial and neglected. To fill this void, this article outlines the key features of a modern dry camera and its important issues that impact radiology workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Indrajit
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Command Hospital (Air Force), Bangalore - 560 007, India
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29
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Andriole KP, Wolfe JM, Khorasani R, Treves ST, Getty DJ, Jacobson FL, Steigner ML, Pan JJ, Sitek A, Seltzer SE. Optimizing analysis, visualization, and navigation of large image data sets: one 5000-section CT scan can ruin your whole day. Radiology 2011; 259:346-62. [PMID: 21502391 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The technology revolution in image acquisition, instrumentation, and methods has resulted in vast data sets that far outstrip the human observers' ability to view, digest, and interpret modern medical images by using traditional methods. This may require a paradigm shift in the radiologic interpretation process. As human observers, radiologists must search for, detect, and interpret targets. Potential interventions should be based on an understanding of human perceptual and attentional abilities and limitations. New technologies and tools already in use in other fields can be adapted to the health care environment to improve medical image analysis, visualization, and navigation through large data sets. This historical psychophysical and technical review touches on a broad range of disciplines but focuses mainly on the analysis, visualization, and navigation of image data performed during the interpretive process. Advanced postprocessing, including three-dimensional image display, multimodality image fusion, quantitative measures, and incorporation of innovative human-machine interfaces, will likely be the future. Successful new paradigms will integrate image and nonimage data, incorporate workflow considerations, and be informed by evidence-based practices. This overview is meant to heighten the awareness of the complexities and limitations of how radiologists interact with images, particularly the large image sets generated today. Also addressed is how human-machine interface and informatics technologies could combine to transform the interpretation process in the future to achieve safer and better quality care for patients and a more efficient and effective work environment for radiologists. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11091276/-/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Andriole
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Brigham Circle, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120-1613, USA
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30
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Demiris G, Charness N, Krupinski E, Ben-Arieh D, Washington K, Wu J, Farberow B. The Role of Human Factors in Telehealth. Telemed J E Health 2010; 16:446-53. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2009.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George Demiris
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Neil Charness
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | | | - David Ben-Arieh
- Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Karla Washington
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John Wu
- Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Bonne Farberow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Krupinski EA. Virtual slide telepathology workstation of the future: lessons learned from teleradiology. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:1100-11. [PMID: 19552939 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical reading environment for the 21st century pathologist looks very different than it did even a few short years ago. Glass slides are quickly being replaced by digital "virtual slides," and the traditional light microscope is being replaced by the computer display. There are numerous questions that arise however when deciding exactly what this new digital display viewing environment will be like. Choosing a workstation for daily use in the interpretation of digital pathology images can be a very daunting task. Radiology went digital nearly 20 years ago and faced many of the same challenges so there are lessons to be learned from these experiences. One major lesson is that there is no "one size fits all" workstation so users must consider a variety of factors when choosing a workstation. In this article, we summarize some of the potentially critical elements in a pathology workstation and the characteristics one should be aware of and look for in the selection of one. Issues pertaining to both hardware and software aspects of medical workstations will be reviewed particularly as they may impact the interpretation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Krupinski
- Department of Radiology and the Arizona Telemedicine Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Increased Acquisition Speed Settings can Significantly Decrease Patient Dose while Maintaining Imaging Quality during Direct Chest Radiography. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2008; 39:183-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Digital radiography devices, rapidly replacing analog screen-film detectors, are now common in diagnostic radiological imaging, where implementation has been accelerated by the commodity status of electronic imaging and display systems. The shift from narrow latitude, fixed-speed screen-film detectors to wide latitude, variable-speed digital detectors has created a flexible imaging system that can easily result in overexposures to the patient without the knowledge of the operator, thus potentially increasing the radiation burden of the patient population from radiographic examinations. In addition, image processing can be inappropriately applied causing inconsistent or artifactual appearance of anatomy, which can lead to misdiagnosis. On the other hand, many advantages can be obtained from the variable-speed digital detector, such as an ability to lower dose in many examinations, image post-processing for disease-specific conditions, display flexibility to change the appearance of the image and aid the physician in making a differential diagnosis, and easy access to digital images. An understanding of digital radiography is necessary to minimize the possibility of overexposures and inconsistent results, and to achieve the principle of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) for the safe and effective care of all patients. Thus many issues must be considered for optimal implementation of digital radiography, as reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Anthony Seibert
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Brennan PC, Ryan J, Evanoff M, Toomey R, O’Beirne A, Manning D, Chakraborty DP, McEntee M. The impact of acoustic noise found within clinical departments on radiology performance. Acad Radiol 2008; 15:472-6. [PMID: 18342772 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the impact of environmental factors such as ambient light on radiologist performance. One commonly encountered distractor found within all clinical departments that has received little or no attention is acoustic noise. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work records the level of noises encountered within environments where radiologic images are viewed and establishes the impact of a clinically relevant level of noise on the ability of radiologists to perform a typical diagnostic task. Noise levels were recorded 10 times within each of 14 environments, 11 of which were locations where radiologic images are judged. Thirty chest images were then presented to 26 senior radiologists, who were asked to detect up to three nodular lesions within 30 posteroanterior chest x-ray images in the absence and presence of noise at an amplitude demonstrated in the clinical environment. Jackknife free-response receiver-operating characteristic analyses was performed on the free-response data. RESULTS The results demonstrated that noise amplitudes rarely exceeded that encountered with normal conversation with the maximum mean value for an image-viewing environment being 56.1 dB. This level of noise had no impact on the ability of radiologists to identify chest lesions with figure of merits of 0.68, 0.69, and 0.68 with noise and 0.65, 0.68, and 0.67 without noise for chest radiologists, nonchest radiologists, and all radiologists, respectively. Equally, no differences were seen for false-positive and false-negative scores or on the time required to judge the images. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that noise at levels encountered within areas where radiologic images are viewed is not a major distractor within the reporting environment, but the need for further work has been identified.
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