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Fiagbedzi E, Gorleku PN, Nyarko S, Asare A, Ackah Ndede G. Assessment of radiation protection knowledge and practices among radiographers in the central region of Ghana. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bi K, Wang B, Zhang Y, Shen MJ, Chen HW, Zhu HM, Tang CH, Wang Y. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Pleural Cavity: A Method to Locate Pleural Catheters and Identify Fibrous Septa. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1261-1268. [PMID: 33541751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the pleural cavity in locating catheters and identifying fibrous septa and to compare CEUS with multiple existing methods. We included 304 participants whose pleural effusion could not continue to be drained and compared the catheter-localization capabilities of empirical diagnosis, B-mode ultrasound with normal saline and CEUS, with computed tomography as the reference standard. CEUS performed the best (accuracy, 100%; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 100%), followed by B-mode ultrasound with normal saline (accuracy, 77.78%; sensitivity, 62.5%; specificity, 100%), and finally empirical diagnosis (accuracy, 54.17%; sensitivity, 66.67%; specificity, 33.33%). The capabilities of CEUS and computed tomography to identify fibrous septa were evaluated, with B-mode ultrasound as the reference, and CEUS (accuracy, 100%; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 100%) was superior to computed tomography (accuracy, 82.41%; sensitivity, 26.09%; specificity, 97.65%). Overall, CEUS can accurately locate catheters and identify fibrous septa, with performance superior to existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bi
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Jun Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ming Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hong Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Giaccardi M, Anselmino M, Del Greco M, Mascia G, Paoletti Perini A, Mascia P, De Ferrari GM, Picano E. Radiation awareness in an Italian multispecialist sample assessed with a web-based survey. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:307-311. [PMID: 32228163 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2020.1733303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The awareness of radiation doses and risks, also during interventional cardiology procedures, is essential today in order to apply the risk-benefit assessment and to reinforce the principles of justification and optimisation in clinical practice. METHODS A voluntary survey with 10 questions and multiple-choice answers was run on a popular cardiology website (www.cardiolink.it) independently by a scientific publisher, in order to evaluate the contemporary level of radiation awareness in a multi-speciality sample of physicians in Italy. RESULTS One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one physicians completed the test. The survey showed good results since both prescribers and practitioners (mostly cardiologists) working in Italy are largely aware of the cancer and non-cancer risks of medical radiation use, regardless of their subspecialty background. CONCLUSION Physicians are largely aware of the cancer and non-cancer risks of medical radiation use, regardless of their subspecialty background. However, there is still broad space for improvement; in the future, the awareness of radiation risk is a prerequisite to create a culture of respect for radiation hazard and a commitment to minimise exposure and maximise protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Giaccardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Electrophysiology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Anselmino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Mascia
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI) Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paoletti Perini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Electrophysiology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Mascia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino” Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Kasi A, Steffens T, Starkey D, Braithwaite V. The proportion of computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CTKUB) scans that comply with scan extent protocol in an emergency department: a clinical audit and dose ramification study. J Med Radiat Sci 2021; 68:13-20. [PMID: 33350603 PMCID: PMC7890918 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CTKUB) scan extent protocol compliance and associated doses in the Emergency Department (ED) of an Australian tertiary hospital. METHODS A retrospective clinical audit of 150 consecutive ED CTKUB cases was completed. For each patient, scan extent compliance at the superior (kidneys) and inferior (pubic symphysis) borders, in reference to the protocol was recorded. Compliance and non-compliance (over-/under-scanning) was identified, described (superior/inferior), quantified (via IMPAX measurements) and recorded via a purpose-built audit tool. In addition, a PBU40 phantom was scanned to assess the percentage of dose (DLP) increase per centimetre of over-scanning to contextualise results. RESULTS A notable non-compliance with department protocol was noted. Eight cases (5.3%) demonstrated overall CT scan extent compliance. The remaining 142 cases (94.7%) demonstrated some form of non-compliance; superiorly, inferiorly or both. Analysing the 150 superior and 150 inferior data points independently, the most common non-compliance was over-scanning at the kidneys by 4 cm to5 cm (19 cases, ~10% extra DLP) beyond tolerance and over-scanning inferiorly at the pubic symphysis by 1 cm to 2 cm (29 cases, ~6.4% extra DLP). Estimated dose increases of up to 35% to 45% were found when clinical audit results were simulated using a PBU40. CONCLUSIONS Over-scanning is a predominant occurrence in CTKUB scans in this department. Reasons for over-scanning weren't investigated. It's anticipated this audit will lead to greater awareness of scan extent compliance and dose ramifications of non-compliance. The usage of more easily identified anatomical landmarks and a follow-up audit is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Kasi
- Department of Medical ImagingPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tom Steffens
- Department of Medical ImagingPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Deborah Starkey
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Vicki Braithwaite
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Demeter SJ. Economic Considerations for Radiation Protection in Medical Settings-Is It Time for a New Paradigm? HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 120:217-223. [PMID: 32740141 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The full ALARA principle includes "as low as reasonably achievable" taking social and economic factors into consideration. The International Commission on Radiological Protection advises a conventional cost benefit approach (e.g., cost per monetized averted stochastic effects or years of life saved) to consider economic factors. Given small incremental radiation dose reductions to patients, workers, or the public that may be realized in medical settings and the correspondingly small changes to theoretical stochastic effects, a conventional cost benefit approach is less than ideal. This is illustrated in the case studies presented in this paper. Alternate approaches, such as cost per unit of radiation dose averted (e.g., $/μSv averted), cancer induction/fatality probabilistic thresholds, or thresholds relative to natural background radiation may be alternate options. However, the decision regarding what is a "safe" level of radiation and what are reasonable costs to make it "safer" are driven by societal values and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor J Demeter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of pediatric thoracic epidural catheters via a thoracic insertion site has been described. We assessed the migration of caudally threaded thoracic epidural catheters in neonates and infants at our institution. METHODS The anesthesia records and diagnostic imaging studies of neonates and infants who had caudal epidural catheters placed during a 26-month period at our hospital were analyzed. Imaging studies were reviewed for changes in epidural catheter tip position. RESULTS Eighty-five patients 1-325 days of age (median, 51 days; interquartile range, 39-78 days) and weights of 2.5-9.5 kg (median, 5 kg; interquartile range, 4.3-5.8 kg) met the study criteria. Fifty-four (64%) of the patients (95% CI, 52%-73%) experienced catheter migration of 1 or more vertebral levels (range, 3 levels caudad [outward] to 3 levels cephalad [inward]), and 23 (27%) of the patients (95% CI, 18%-38%) experienced catheter migration to the T4 level or higher. Migration of 2 or more vertebral levels occurred only in children who weighed <6 kg and were under 73 days of age. CONCLUSIONS Epidural catheter migration occurs commonly in neonates and infants. Postoperative imaging is crucial to confirm catheter tip location after epidural catheter placement, as failure to assess catheter migration might result in suboptimal analgesia or other undesirable outcomes.
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Kirac M, Kopru B, Ergin G, Kibar Y, Biri H. Is fluoroscopy necessary during flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of renal stones? Arab J Urol 2019; 18:112-117. [PMID: 33029416 PMCID: PMC7473199 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2019.1702242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) without fluoroscopy during the treatment of renal stones. Patients and methods Between April 2013 and August 2018, 744 patients’ data were evaluated retrospectively. Of these, 576 patients were included in the study. All fURS were performed by experienced surgeons. All procedures were planned with zero-dose fluoroscopy. But, if fluoroscopy was necessary for any reasons, these patients were excluded from the study. Demographic data, perioperative parameters, stone-free rate (SFR), and complication rates were recorded. Results Of the patients planned for fluoroless fURS (ffURS), the procedure was successfully achieved in 96.7% (557/576 patients), as 19 patients required fluoroscopy during the procedure for various reasons. In the patients included in the study, the mean (SD) stone size was 11.6 (5.2) mm and the mean (SD) operating time was 39.4 (8.2) min. After the first session of ffURS, the SFR was 83.3% (achieved in 464 patients). Second and third sessions of ffURS were performed in 32 (5.7%) and seven (1.2%) patients, respectively. Overall, the complication rate was 11.8% and all complications were minor (Clavien–Dindo Grade I or II). Conclusions The ffURS technique seems to be a safe and effective treatment compared to conventional fURS in patients with renal stones. This procedure should be performed in experienced centers, where fluoroscopy can be considered not to be mandatory during fURS. Abbreviations CIRF clinically insignificant residual fragment; CT: computed tomography; EAU: European Association of Urology; (f)fURS: (fluoroless) flexible ureteroscopy; FT: fluoroscopy time; KUB: plain abdominal radiograph of the kidneys, ureters and bladder; mSv: millisievert; PCNL: percutaneous nephrolithotomy; pps: pulse-per-second; rem: roentgen equivalent man; PUJ: pelvi-ureteric junction; SFR: stone-free rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kirac
- Department of Urology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Kopru
- Department of Urology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giray Ergin
- Department of Urology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kibar
- Department of Urology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Biri
- Department of Urology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
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Batista VMD, Bernardo MO, Morgado F, Almeida FAD. Radiological protection in the perspective of health professionals exposed to radiation. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 72:9-16. [PMID: 30942339 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge of health professionals about radiological protection and to implement educational actions to promote a safe working environment for professionals, patients and companions. METHOD An exploratory cross-sectional study, applying a questionnaire to 59 participants from different sectors of a teaching hospital. Open-ended questions were analyzed through the discourse of the collective subject and closed-ended questions were analyzed through quantitative analysis. RESULTS In the opinion of the participants, their professional training did not offer radioprotection class or the training was insufficient for the practice. In addition, the work environment does not provide regulatory norms and training on radioprotection. Most participants do not have solid knowledge and do not present safe behavior in radioprotection. In the internal week for the prevention of work accidents, a lecture and a theatricalisation about the topic of radioprotection were conducted and a booklet was distributed. CONCLUSION Radiation protection education is necessary in the curricula of the training courses for health professionals and in the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Martins Dias Batista
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health. Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Paulista, Course of Technology in Radiology. Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Oliveira Bernardo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health. Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Morgado
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health. Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antonio de Almeida
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health. Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mu H, Sun J, Li L, Yin J, Hu N, Zhao W, Ding D, Yi L. Ionizing radiation exposure: hazards, prevention, and biomarker screening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15294-15306. [PMID: 29705904 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is a form of energy derived from a source that is propagated through material in space. It consists of ionizing radiation or nonionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a feature of the environment and an important tool in medical treatment, but it can cause serious damage to organisms. A number of protective measures and standards of protection have been proposed to protect against radiation. There is also a need for biomarkers to rapidly assess individual doses of radiation, which can not only estimate the dose of radiation but also determine its effects on health. Proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics have been widely used in the search for such biomarkers. These topics are discussed in depth in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Mu
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, College of pharmaceutical and biological science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, College of pharmaceutical and biological science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Li
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, College of pharmaceutical and biological science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, College of pharmaceutical and biological science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yi
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, College of pharmaceutical and biological science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Gao H, Dong Z, Wei W, Shao L, Jin L, Lv Y, Zhao G, Jin S. Integrative analysis for the role of long non-coding RNAs in radiation-induced mouse thymocytes responses. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:51-61. [PMID: 27864278 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a critical class of regulatory molecules involved in a variety of biological functions; however, their role in immune cells response to radiation is unknown. Therefore, in this study we used integrative analysis to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in mouse thymocytes and the potential functions of lncRNAs in response to radiation. Microarray data profiling indicated that 53 lncRNAs (36 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated) and 74 coding genes (39 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated) were highly differentially expressed in the high dose radiation (HDR) group compared with the control group. In the low dose radiation (LDR) group, only one lncRNA was down-regulated. Moreover, as compared with the control group, 109 lncRNA pathways in the HDR group and 14 lncRNA pathways in the LDR group were differentially expressed. Our data revealed the expression pattern of lncRNAs in mouse thymocytes and predicted their potential functions in response to LDR and HDR. In the HDR group, GO analysis showed that the role of lncRNAs in damage responses of thymocytes to HDR mainly involved chromatin organization and cell death. These findings might improve our understanding of the role of lncRNAs in LDR- and HDR-induced immune cells and provide a new experimental basis for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Dong
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lihong Shao
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linlin Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yahui Lv
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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